Hasan al-Rammah

Hasan al-Rammah (Arabic: حسن الرماح, died 1295) was a Syrian^[1][2][3] Arab^[4] chemist and engineer during the Mamluk Sultanate who studied gunpowders and explosives, and sketched prototype instruments of warfare, including the first torpedo.^[5] Al-Rammah called his early torpedo "an egg which moves itself and burns." It was made of two sheet-pans of metal fastened together and filled with naphtha, metal filings, and potassium nitrate. It was intended to move across the surface of the water, propelled by a large rocket and kept on course by a small rudder.^[6]

Al-Rammah devised several new types of gunpowder,^[7] a new type of fuse, and two types of lighters.^[6]