Heshana Qaghan

Heshana Qaghan or Heshana Khagan (Chinese: 曷娑那可汗, (Pinyin): hésuōnà kěhàn, (Wade-Giles): ho-so-na k'o-han, Middle Chinese (Guangyun) [ɣɑt.sɑ˥˩nɑ˩ kʰɑ˥ɣɑn˩˥] or 曷薩那可汗/曷萨那可汗, hésànà kěhàn, ho-sa-na k'o-han) at one point known as Chuluo Kehan (處羅可汗/处罗可汗) and Nijue Chuluo Khagan (泥厥處羅可汗/泥厥处罗可汗), personal name Ashina Daman (阿史那達漫/阿史那达漫, āshǐnà dámàn, a-shih-na ta-man), was the second khagan of the Western Turkic Khaganate. He was the son of Niri Qaghan. He appeared as Čôl χâɣân in The Provincial Capitals of Iran.^[1]

Heshana Qaghan 泥厥處羅可汗
Qaghan of the Western Turkic Khaganate
Reign	604–612
Predecessor	Niri Qaghan
Successor	Shikui Qaghan
Born	603 Suyab
Died	619 Chang'an
Issue	2 sons
House	Ashina
Father	Niri Qaghan
Mother	Lady Xiang (向氏)
Religion	Tengrism

Reign

Ashina Daman (Later known as Heshana Qaghan) was said have collected excessive taxes from the Tiele, leading to resentment among their tribes. Daman thus suspected the Tiele chieftains and, on one occasion, gathered some 100 Tiele chieftains and killed them. This led the Tiele to rebel and supported Geleng (歌楞), the chieftain of the Qibi (契苾), as the Yiwuzhenmohe Khan (易勿真莫賀可汗). They also supported Yishibo as Yiedie Khan, as a subordinate under Geleng.^[2] Around 605 Tiele rebels drove Daman from Dzungaria to the Ili River area.^[3]

Pei Ju suggested that Emperor Yang should form an alliance with Heshana's subordinate Shikui, who had been requesting to marry a Sui princess. The Emperor agreed and subsequently, Shikui attacked Heshana, defeating him and forcing him to flee to Gaochang. Emperor Yang then sent Pei to Gaochang to persuade Daman to come to the Sui. Daman refused at first. However, after being threatened that his mother would be killed, he agreed.^[4] He subsequently stayed in China and did not return to his own land. Emperor Yang, pleased with this development, awarded Pei with a sable coat and jewels that Daman offered as tribute.

In 611, Emperor Yang made Heshana Qaghan (曷薩那可汗) by imperial decree and was married to a Chinese princess.

By 619, he was no longer in control of his khaganate and was at Chang'an, the capital of China's Tang dynasty, when Emperor Gaozu of Tang, giving in to Shibi khagan's pressure, had him delivered to Eastern Turk emissaries to be executed.

He had two sons who were in service of the Tang dynasty at the time of his death.^[4]