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Hexachloroplutonate

Ion containing plutonium and chlorine From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Hexachloroplutonate
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The hexachloroplutonate ion, PuCl2−6, is an ion containing plutonium and chlorine. It forms several salts, which are called hexachloroplutonates.[1][2]:1104

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Structure and bonding

The PuCl2−6 ion features a slightly distorted octahedral molecular geometry, with three distinct Pu-Cl bonds. The Pu-Cl bond lengths vary between 2.574 to 2.598 Å, and the Cl-Pu-Cl bond angles range between 88.54° to 91.46°.[3]

The Pu-Cl bonds in PuCl2−6 are primarily ionic; however, they feature small but important amounts of covalent bonding. The chloride ligands bond using their s and p electrons, while plutonium bonds using its s, d, and f electrons. The Pu-Cl bond order is less than 1, and the shape of the Pu-Cl bond slightly deviates from cylindrical, possibly indicating a small amount of pi bonding.[3] The 5f electrons in the PuCl2−6 have a large nephelauxetic effect[4] (decrease in electron-electron repulsion).

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In aqueous solution

It is the dominant species of plutonium(IV) in 11 M hydrochloric acid solution.[5]

Salts

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The PuCl2−6 ion forms several salts. Dicaesium hexachloroplutonate (Cs2PuCl6) is a pale yellow solid which is precipitated from concentrated HCl solution by the addition of caesium chloride. Cs2PuCl6 can be used to prepare other plutonium compounds, such as the cyclopentadienide complex 5-C5H5)3PuCl, and it has been proposed for use in the purification of plutonium metal. It has been used as a reference for plutonium(IV), and due to its stability, it has been proposed for use as a primary standard for plutonium.[2]:839,1104,1191[5] Potassium and rubidium hexachloroplutonates, K2PuCl6 and Rb2PuCl6, are also known. They are prepared by heating mixtures of plutonium(III) chloride and the respective alkali metal chlorides under high chlorine pressures.[6]

PuCl2−6 is also known to form salts with quaternary ammonium cations, including tetramethylammonium, tetraethylammonium,[2]:1104 and tetrabutylammonium.[7] The tetramethylammonium and tetraethylammonium salts, [NMe4]2[PuCl6] and [NEt4]2[PuCl6], form orange-yellow crystals.[2]:1109 [NEt4]2[PuCl6] was used in the first synthesis of plutonocene.[8] The tetrabutylammonium salt, [N(n-Bu)4]2[PuCl6], is prepared by the addition of tetrabutylammonium chloride to plutonium(IV) in HCl aqueous solution. It is soluble in several organic solvents.[7]

PuCl2−6 is also known to form salts with pyridinium, pyridinium dervatives,[3][9] and tetraphenylphosphonium.[10]

References

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