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Hexachloroplutonate
Ion containing plutonium and chlorine From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The hexachloroplutonate ion, PuCl2−6, is an ion containing plutonium and chlorine. It forms several salts, which are called hexachloroplutonates.[1][2]: 1104
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Structure and bonding
The PuCl2−6 ion features a slightly distorted octahedral molecular geometry, with three distinct Pu-Cl bonds. The Pu-Cl bond lengths vary between 2.574 to 2.598 Å, and the Cl-Pu-Cl bond angles range between 88.54° to 91.46°.[3]
The Pu-Cl bonds in PuCl2−6 are primarily ionic; however, they feature small but important amounts of covalent bonding. The chloride ligands bond using their s and p electrons, while plutonium bonds using its s, d, and f electrons. The Pu-Cl bond order is less than 1, and the shape of the Pu-Cl bond slightly deviates from cylindrical, possibly indicating a small amount of pi bonding.[3] The 5f electrons in the PuCl2−6 have a large nephelauxetic effect[4] (decrease in electron-electron repulsion).
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In aqueous solution
It is the dominant species of plutonium(IV) in 11 M hydrochloric acid solution.[5]
Salts
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The PuCl2−6 ion forms several salts. Dicaesium hexachloroplutonate (Cs2PuCl6) is a pale yellow solid which is precipitated from concentrated HCl solution by the addition of caesium chloride. Cs2PuCl6 can be used to prepare other plutonium compounds, such as the cyclopentadienide complex (η5-C5H5)3PuCl, and it has been proposed for use in the purification of plutonium metal. It has been used as a reference for plutonium(IV), and due to its stability, it has been proposed for use as a primary standard for plutonium.[2]: 839, 1104, 1191 [5] Potassium and rubidium hexachloroplutonates, K2PuCl6 and Rb2PuCl6, are also known. They are prepared by heating mixtures of plutonium(III) chloride and the respective alkali metal chlorides under high chlorine pressures.[6]
PuCl2−6 is also known to form salts with quaternary ammonium cations, including tetramethylammonium, tetraethylammonium,[2]: 1104 and tetrabutylammonium.[7] The tetramethylammonium and tetraethylammonium salts, [NMe4]2[PuCl6] and [NEt4]2[PuCl6], form orange-yellow crystals.[2]: 1109 [NEt4]2[PuCl6] was used in the first synthesis of plutonocene.[8] The tetrabutylammonium salt, [N(n-Bu)4]2[PuCl6], is prepared by the addition of tetrabutylammonium chloride to plutonium(IV) in HCl aqueous solution. It is soluble in several organic solvents.[7]
PuCl2−6 is also known to form salts with pyridinium, pyridinium dervatives,[3][9] and tetraphenylphosphonium.[10]
References
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