Hinduism in the Middle East

There are Hindu communities, mostly of Indian, Nepalese and Sri Lankan heritage in Arab states of the Persian Gulf.^[1] Many came due to the migration of Indians and Nepalese expatriates and employees to the area around the Persian Gulf.

Hindus in the Middle East

Total population
3,062,645 (1.6% of population)
Regions with significant populations
United Arab Emirates	855,738 (2022)
Saudi Arabia	451,347 (2020)
Kuwait	425,950 (2020)
Qatar	422,118 (2022)
Yemen	297,103 (2022)
Oman	279,488 (2022)
Bahrain	165,706 (2020)
Religions
Hinduism
Related ethnic groups
Buddhism in the Middle East, Sikhism, Christianity in the Middle East

Hindu temples have been built in Bahrain, the United Arab Emirates, Yemen, and Oman.^[2]

Demographics

Distribution of Hindus among the Middle Eastern countries

1. United Arab Emirates (32.2%)
2. Saudi Arabia (15%)
3. Kuwait (14%)
4. Qatar (11%)
5. Yemen (10%)
6. Oman (9%)
7. Bahrain (5.4%)
8. Turkey (3%)
9. Jordan (0.3%)
10. Lebanon (0.2%)

Hinduism by country in the Middle East

Country	Population (2020E)	% of Hindus	Hindu total
United Arab Emirates	9,869,000	10%[3][4]	986,900
Saudi Arabia	34,719,000	1.3%[5][6]	451,347
Kuwait	4,259,500	10%[7]	425,950
Qatar	2,113,000	15.9%[8][9]	335,967
Yemen	29,710,300	1%[10]	297,103
Oman	5,081,600	5.5%[11][12][13]	279,488
Bahrain	1,690,900	9.8%[14][15]	165,708
Turkey	84,339,067	0.1%[16][17]	84,340
Jordan	10,185,500	0.1%[18]	10,186
Lebanon	6,830,600	0.1%[19][20]	6,830
Total	197,438,267	1.6	3,062,645

Egypt

There were about 2,700 Hindus in Egypt in 2010.^[21] That number decreased to about 1535 in 2020.^[22] There are no known Hindu temples in Egypt.

Oman

Main article: Hinduism in Oman

Motishwar temple in Old Muscat is one of the oldest Hindu temples in Middle East.

Oman has an immigrant Hindu minority. The number of Hindus has declined in the 20th century although it is now stable. Hinduism first came to Muscat in 1507 from Kutch. The original Hindus spoke Kutchi. By the early 19th century there were at least 4,000 Hindus in Oman, all of the intermediate merchant caste. By 1900, their numbers had plummeted to 300. In 1895, the Hindu colony in Muscat came under attack by the Ibadhis. By the time of independence, only a few dozen Hindus remained in Oman. The historical Hindu Quarters of al-Waljat and al-Banyan are no longer occupied by Hindus. The most prominent immigrant Hindus, are Visoomal Damodar Gandhi (Aulad Kara), Khimji Ramdas, Dhanji Morarji, Ratansi Purushottam and Purushottam Toprani. The only Hindu crematorium is located in Sohar, northwest of Muscat.^[23]

Temples

Hindu temples once located in Ma'bad al Banyan and Bayt al Pir no longer exist after the area's redevelopment in the mid-1970s.^[23] The only active Hindu temples today are the Shiva temple complex in Muscat (locally known as Motishwar Mandir),^[24] and the Krishna temple located in Darsait.^[25]

Qatar

Hindus make up 15.9% of Qatar. There are an estimated 422,118 Hindus in the country.^[26][27] They are from South Asia.^[28][29]

United Arab Emirates

Main article: Hinduism in the United Arab Emirates

South Asians in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) constitute the largest ethnic group in the country.^[30] Over 2 million Indian migrants (mostly from the southern Indian states of Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, Coastal Karnataka and Tamil Nadu) are estimated to be living in the UAE, constituting 28% of the total population of the Emirates as of 2017.^[31] A majority of Indians live in the three largest cities of the UAE — Abu Dhabi, Dubai and Sharjah. From the estimated 2 million migrants, 1 million are from Kerala and 450,000 from Tamil Nadu, thus constituting a majority of the Indian community in the UAE. The population of Indian migrants in the UAE had grown from 170,000 in 1975 to an estimated value of 750,000 in 1999. By 2009, this value had grown to an estimated value of 2 million. A majority of Indians in the UAE (approximately 50%—883,313 in 2011) are from the South Indian state of Kerala, followed by migrants from Tamil Nadu. The majority of Indian migrants to UAE are Muslim (50%), followed by Christian (25%) and Hindu (25%). Estimated Hindu population in UAE is between 6-10%.^[32]

Temples

In 1958, permission were given to build the Hindu Temple, Dubai in Bur Dubai in a complex that included Shiva Mandir, Krishna Mandir, and Gurudwara. In January 2024, a new Hindu Temple, Dubai opened in Jebel Ali and the existing Shiva Mandir and Gurudwara were moved to this new location. Krishan Mandir is still housed in the original complex in Bur Dubai.^[33]

Majority of Hindus living in UAE practice their religion within their homes.^[34] The new temple, BAPS Hindu Mandir Abu Dhabi, had its foundation stone laying ceremony in April, 2019.^[35][36] The inauguration ceremony of the temple took place on 14 February 2024.^[37]

Yemen

Main article: Hinduism in Yemen

There are about 200,000 Hindus in Yemen.^[38] They are from India and Nepal.^[39]

Hindu temples

• BAPS Hindu Mandir Abu Dhabi, UAE
• Motishwar Mandir in Muscat, Oman
• Hindu Temple, Dubai, UAE
• Shrinathji Temple, Bahrain

See also

• Hinduism by country
• Hinduism in Israel
• Buddhism in the Middle East