Hypocreales

The Hypocreales are an order of fungi within the class Sordariomycetes.

Hypocreales
Tolypocladium sp.
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Fungi
Division:	Ascomycota
(unranked):	Sordariomyceta
Class:	Sordariomycetes
Subclass:	Hypocreomycetidae
Order:	Hypocreales Lindau (1897)

In 2008, it was estimated that it contained some 237 genera, and 2647 species in seven families.^[1] Since then, a considerable number of further taxa have been identified, including an additional family, the Stachybotryaceae.^[2] Wijayawardene et al. in 2020 added more families and genera to the order.^[3] According to the Catalog of Life, as of April 2021^[update] the Hypocreales contains 6 families, 137 genera, and 1411 species.^[4] Hyde et al. (2020a) listed 14 families under Hypocreales, while, Wijayawardene et al. (2022) accepted 15 families in the order,^[5] where Cylindriaceae was additionally added. Earlier, Hyde et al. (2020a) had placed Cylindriaceae in class Xylariomycetidae.^[6] Samarakoon et al. (2022) agreed.^[7] Hence, Cylindriaceae should have been excluded from Hypocreales and placed in Xylariomycetidae. Xiao et al. (2022) recently introduced a new family Polycephalomycetaceae to Hypocreales.^[8]

Description

Species of Hypocreales are usually recognized by their brightly colored, perithecial ascomata, or spore-producing structures. These are often yellow, orange or red.

Families

(with amount of genera);^[3][5]

• Bionectriaceae (47)
• Calcarisporiaceae (1)
• Clavicipitaceae (50)
• Cocoonihabitaceae (1)
• Cordycipitaceae (21)
• Flammocladiellaceae (1)
• Hypocreaceae (17)
• Myrotheciomycetaceae (4)
• Nectriaceae (70)
• Niessliaceae (21)
• Ophiocordycipitaceae (12)
• Polycephalomycetaceae
• Sarocladiaceae (2: Parasarocladium - 9 species and Sarocladium - 30 species)
• Stachybotryaceae (39)
• Tilachlidiaceae (3)

Former families:

• Cylindriaceae (1 - Cylindrium) removed to Xylariomycetidae per Hyde et al. (2020a) and Samarakoon et al. (2022)

Genera incertae sedis

According to a 2020 review of fungal classification, the following genera within the Hypocreales have an uncertain taxonomic placement (incertae sedis), and have not been assigned to any family:^[3]

• Acremoniopsis A.Giraldo, Gené & Guarro (2014) – 1 sp.
• Andreaeana (Palm & Jochems) Palm & Jochems (1924) - 1 sp.^[9]
• Bulbithecium Udagawa & T.Muroi (1990) – 1 sp.
• Cephalosporiopsis Peyronel (1916) – 10 spp.
• Chondronectria Etayo, Flakus & Kukwa (2017) – 1 sp.
• Cylindronectria Etayo (2017) – 1 sp.
• Diploospora Grove (1916) – ca. 7 spp.
• †Entropezites^[10] Poinar & R.Buckley 2007) – 1 sp.
• Gynonectria Döbbeler (2012) – 1 sp.
• Hapsidospora Malloch & Cain (1970) – 2 spp.
• Haptospora G.L.Barron (1991) – 3 spp.
• Illosporiopsis D.Hawksw. (2001) – 1 sp.
• Illosporium Mart. (1817) – 17 spp.
• Leptobarya Etayo (2017) – 2 spp.
• Metadothella Henn. (1904) – 1 sp.
• Munkia Speg. (1886) – 4 spp.
• †Mycetophagites^[10] Poinar & R.Buckley (2007) – 1 sp.
• Neomunkia Petr. (1847) – 1 sp.
• Peloronectria Möller (1901) – 3 spp.
• Pseudoacremonium Crous (2014) – 1 sp.
• Pseudomeliola Speg. (1889) – 10 spp.
• Rodentomyces Doveri, Pecchia, Sarrocco & Vannacci (2016) – 1 sp.
• Roselliniella Vain (1921) – 19 spp.
• Saksenamyces A.N.Rai & P.N.Singh (2018) – 1 sp.
• Sedecimiella K.L.Pang, Alias & E.B.G.Jones (2010) – 1 sp.
• Sorosporella N.Sorokin, 1888 - 2spp.
• Stanjemonium W.Gams, O'Donnell, Schroers & M.Chr. (1999) – 4 spp.
• Stilbella Lindau (1900) – 61 spp.
• Ticonectria Döbbeler (1998) – 3 spp.
• Tilakidium Vaidya, C.D.Naik & Rathod (1986) – 1 sp.

Genera formerly included:

• Berkelella (Sacc.) Sacc. (1891) – 2 spp. now in Clavicipitaceae 2022