INS Sindhukesari

INS Sindhukesari (S60) (lit. 'Lion of the Sea')^[2] is a Sindhughosh-class diesel-electric submarine of the Indian Navy.^[3]

History
India
Name	INS Sindhukesari
Launched	16 August 1988
Commissioned	19 December 1988
Status	in active service
General characteristics
Class & type	Sindhughosh-class submarine
Displacement	2325 tons surfaced 3076 tons dived
Length	72.6 m (238 ft)
Beam	9.9 m (32 ft)
Draught	6.6 m (22 ft)
Propulsion	2 × 3,650 hp (2,720 kW) diesel-electric motors 1 × 5,900 hp (4,400 kW) motor 2 × 204 hp (152 kW) auxiliary motors 1 × 130 hp (97 kW) economic speed motor
Speed	Surfaced; 11 knots (20 km/h)[1] Snorkel Mode; 9 knots (17 km/h) Submerged; 19 knots (35 km/h)[1]
Range	Snorting: 6,000 mi (9,700 km) at 7 kn (13 km/h) Submerged: 400 miles (640 km) at 3 knots (5.6 km/h)
Endurance	Up to 45 days with a crew of 52
Test depth	Operational Depth; 240 m (790 ft) Maximum Depth; 300 m (980 ft)
Complement	52 (incl. 13 Officers)
Armament	9M36 Strela-3 (SA-N-8) SAM launcher Klub-S (3M-54E) ASCM Type 53-65 passive wake homing torpedo TEST 71/76 anti-submarine, active-passive homing torpedo 24 DM-1 mines in lieu of torpedo tube

Mid life upgrades

INS Sindhukesari, inducted in 1989, underwent a mid-life upgrade in 2018 at the Zvezdochka Shipyard in Severodvinsk in Russia, according to The Indian Navy reports. The upgrade included a refit and modernization, aiming to extend the submarine's service life. This upgrade is part of a broader program to modernize the Indian Navy's Kilo-class submarines.^[4]