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Illegal mining in Peru
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Illegal mining or illegal mineral extraction is a common economic activity in Peru, which consists of the exploitation of metallic minerals (such as gold) and non-metallic minerals (clay, marble, among others) to finance criminal organizations.[1] Illegal mining rose to prominence in the late 1970s with the emergence of informality in that sector.[2] Illegal mining in Peru lacks social and environmental controls or regulations, a characteristic it shares with the artisanal mining sector in the country.[3]
Those who carry out illegal mining act outside the control mechanisms of the Peruvian state and systematically evade relevant legal norms.[4] Illegal mining operations are located mainly in the departments of Madre de Dios,[5] Puno and La Libertad.[6] In the case of the Amazon rainforest, 17 protected natural areas were compromised by it.[7]
Peru is one of various countries in the region, such as Brazil, Colombia and Ecuador that have significant problems with illegal mining.[8]
In the 2000s, in the Amazonian department of Madre de Dios, illegal exploitation of gold dramatically increased the recruitment and coercion of adolescents into prostitution through false employment offers.[9]
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