Outline of the Ottoman Empire

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the Ottoman Empire:

Ottoman Empire – historical Muslim empire that lasted from c. 1299 to 1922. It was also known by its European contemporaries as the Turkish Empire or Turkey after the principal ethnic group.^[1] At its zenith from the sixteenth to eighteenth centuries it controlled Southeast Europe, Southwest Asia and North Africa.

General history

Main pages: Ottoman Empire, Timeline of the Ottoman Empire, History of the Ottoman Empire, History of Turkey, Timeline of Anatolian history, Turkic history, and Category: History of the Turkish people

Main periods

• Rise of the Ottoman Empire
• Classical Age of the Ottoman Empire
• Transformation of the Ottoman Empire
• Territorial evolution of the Ottoman Empire
• Ottoman ancien régime
• Decline and modernization of the Ottoman Empire
• Defeat and dissolution of the Ottoman Empire
• Partition

Subperiods

• Ottoman Interregnum
• Sultanate of Women
• Köprülü era
• Tulip period
• Tanzimat era
• 1st Constitutional Era
• 2nd Constitutional Era

Historiography

Main article: Historiography of the Ottoman Empire

• Ottoman Decline Thesis
• Ghaza thesis
• Renegade thesis
• Historiography of the fall of the Ottoman Empire

Structure of the Ottoman Empire

• Economic history of the Ottoman Empire
• State organization of the Ottoman Empire
• Social structure in the Ottoman Empire
• Culture of the Ottoman Empire
• Science and technology in the Ottoman Empire
• Ottoman Turkish language
• Demographics of the Ottoman Empire
• Religion in the Ottoman Empire
• Socioeconomics of the Ottoman enlargement era
• Millet system
• Ottoman Law
• Porte
• Tughra
• Line of succession to the Ottoman throne
• Military of the Ottoman Empire
• Enderun
• Janissary
• Sipahi
• Cebeci
• Nizam-ı Cedid Army
• Timar
• Nöker
• Ikta
• Eyalet
• Vilayets of the Ottoman Empire
• Sanjak
• Ağalık
• Kadılık
• Salname

Titles and posts

Main pages: Category: Ottoman titles and List of Ottoman titles and appellations

• Sultan
• Grand vizier
• Vizier
• Beylerbey
• Pasha
• Kazasker
• Nisanci
• Defterdar
• Reisülküttap
• Lala
• Aga
• Sanjak bey

History of Ottoman-ruled countries

• Albania
• Algeria
• Armenia
• Bosnia and Herzegovina
• Bulgaria
• Cyprus
• Egypt
• Eritrea
• Greece
• Hungary
• Slovakia
• Iraq
• Jordan
• Kosovo
• Libya
• North Macedonia
• Montenegro
• Palestine
• Saudi Arabia (Parts of)
• Serbia
• Syria
• Sudan
• Tunisia
• Turkey
• Ukraine
• Russia
• Romania

Ottoman Dynasty

Main articles: Ottoman Dynasty and Ottoman family tree

The sultans

Main article: List of sultans of the Ottoman Empire

Osman I Orhan (Gazi) Murad I (Hüdavendigar) Beyazid I (Yıldırım) Mehmed I (Çelebi) Murad II Mehmed II (Fatih) Bayezid II (Veli) Selim I (Yavuz) Suleiman I (Kanuni) Selim II (Sarı) Murad III Mehmed III Ahmed I Mustafa I Osman II (Genç) Murad IV İbrahim (Deli)

Mehmed IV (Avcı) Suleiman II Ahmed II Mustafa II Ahmed III Mahmud I Osman III Mustafa III Abdulhamid I Selim III Mustafa IV Mahmud II Abdülmecid Abdulaziz Murad V Abdulhamid II Mehmed V Mehmed VI

Some male members of the Ottoman house

• Alaeddin Pasha
• Süleyman Pasha
• Şehzade Halil
• Savcı Bey
• Süleyman Çelebi
• İsa Çelebi
• Musa Çelebi
• Mustafa Çelebi
• Küçük Mustafa
• Cem Sultan
• Şehzade Ahmet
• Şehzade Korkut
• Şehzade Mustafa
• Şehzade Bayezid
• Yusuf Izzettin Efendi
• Abdülmecid II

Mothers and other women assumed the title Valide Sultan

Main articles: List of the mothers of the Ottoman Sultans and List of Valide Sultans

• Malhun Hatun
• Nilüfer Hatun
• Gülçiçek Hatun
• Devlet Hatun
• Emine Hatun
• Hüma Hatun
• Gülbahar Hatun
• Sittişah Hatun
• Gülbahar Hatun
• Hafsa Sultan
• Hürrem Sultan
• Nurbanu Sultan
• Safiye Sultan
• Handan Sultan
• Halime Sultan
• Mahfiruz Hatun
• Kösem Sultan
• Turhan Sultan
• Aşub Sultan
• Muazzez Sultan
• Gülnuş Sultan
• Saliha Sultan
• Şehsuvar Sultan
• Mihrişah Kadın
• Şermi Kadın
• Mihrişah Sultan
• Sineperver Sultan
• Nakşidil Sultan
• Bezmiâlem Sultan
• Pertevniyal Sultan
• Şevkefza Sultan
• Tirimüjgan Kadın
• Gülcemal Kadın
• Perestu Kadın
• Gülüstü Hanım

Some female members of the Ottoman house

• Hatice Sultan (daughter of Selim I)
• Mihrimah Sultan (daughter of Suleiman I)
• Kaya Sultan
• Hatice Sultan (daughter of Ahmed III)
• Hatice Sultan (daughter of Mustafa III)
• Esma Sultan (daughter of Abdul Hamid I)
• Adile Sultan
• Naile Sultan (daughter of Abdulmejid I)
• Esma Sultan (daughter of Abdülaziz)
• Fehime Sultan

Notable people

Main pages: Category: People from the Ottoman Empire and List of Ottoman people

Some Crimean Khans

Main article: List of Crimean khans

Source:^[2]

• Meñli I Giray
• Mehmed I Giray
• Sahib I Giray
• Devlet I Giray
• Mehmed IV Giray
• Islam III Giray
• Adil Giray
• Selim I Giray
• Devlet II Giray
• Şahin Giray

Some Grandviziers

Main article: List of Ottoman Grand Viziers

Alaeddin Pasha Çandarlı Kara Halil Hayreddin Pasha Çandarlı (2nd) Halil Pasha Mahmut Pasha Gedik Ahmet Pasha Hersekli Ahmet Pasha Karamanlı Mehmet Pasha Hadım Sinan Pasha Pargalı İbrahim Pasha Lütfi Pasha Rüstem Pasha Sokollu Mehmet Pasha Şemiz Ahmed Pasha Lala Kara Mustafa Pasha Koca Sinan Pasha Damat İbrahim Pasha Özdemiroğlu Osman Pasha Cigalazade Yusuf Sinan Pasha Kuyucu Murat Pasha Öküz Kara Mehmet Pasha Hadım Mehmet Pasha Damat Halil Pasha Gazi Hüsrev Pasha Bayram Pasha Tayyar Mehmet Pasha Kemankeş Mustafa Pasha Sultanzade Mehmet Pasha Nevesinli Salih Pasha Kara Musa Pasha Hezarpare Ahmet Pasha Sofu Mehmet Pasha Kara Dev Murat Pasha Melek Ahmet Pasha Abaza Siyavuş Pasha I Tarhoncu Ahmed Pasha Kara Dev Murat Pasha Gazi Hüseyin Pasha

Köprülü Mehmet Pasha Köprülü Fazıl Ahmet Pasha Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha Abaza Siyavuş Pasha Ayaşlı İsmail Pasha Köprülü Fazıl Mustafa Pasha Arabacı Ali Pasha Çalık Ali Pasha Elmas Mehmet Pasha Amcazade Köprülü Hüseyin Pasha Rami Mehmet Pasha Baltacı Mehmet Pasha Çorlulu Ali Pasha Köprülü Numan Pasha Silahtar Ali Pasha Damad Ibrahim Pasha Hekimoğlu Ali Pasha Ivaz Mehmed Pasha Nişancı Ahmet Pasha Yirmisekizzade Mehmet Sait Pasha Koca Ragıp Pasha Cezayirli Gazi Hasan Pasha Alemdar Mustafa Pasha Koca Hüsrev Mehmed Pasha Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha Mustafa Reshid Pasha Mehmed Emin Âli Pasha Mehmed Fuad Pasha Midhat Pasha Ahmed Vefik Pasha Halil Rifat Pasha Ahmed Tevfik Pasha Mahmud Shevket Pasha Said Halim Pasha Talaat Pasha Ahmed Izzet Pasha Damad Ferid Pasha

Other notable viziers, governors and soldiers

Main pages: Category: Lists of Ottoman governors and Category: Military personnel from the Ottoman Empire

• Black Musa
• Abaza Hasan Pasha
• Abaza Mehmed Pasha
• Gazi Evrenos
• Hacı İlbey
• Lala Şahin Pasha
• Zağanos Pasha
• Tiryaki Hasan Pasha
• Telli Hasan Pasha
• Özdemir Pasha
• Cezzar Ahmet Pasha
• Ali Pasha
• Muhammed Ali of Egypt
• Gazi Osman Pasha
• Ethem Pasha
• Ahmet Cemal
• Enver Pasha
• Ingiliz Mustafa

Sea men (Kaptan Pashas)

Main article: List of admirals in the Ottoman Empire

• Kemal Reis
• Piri Reis^[3]
• Oruç Reis
• Barbaros Hayrettin Pasha
• Aydın Reis
• Turgut Reis
• Kurtoğlu Muslihiddin Reis
• Salih Reis
• Murat Reis the Elder
• Seydi Ali Reis^[4]
• Piyale Pasha
• Kurtoğlu Hızır Reis
• Müezzinzade Ali Pasha
• Kılıç Ali Pasha
• Mezzo Morto Hüseyin Pasha
• Hasan Rami Pasha

Architects

Main page: Category: Architects from the Ottoman Empire

Source:^[5]

• Atik Sinan
• Mimar Sinan
• Sedefkar Mehmed Agha
• Mimar Kasım

Artists (painter and calligrapher)

Main pages: Category: Artists from the Ottoman Empire, Category: Painters from the Ottoman Empire, and List of Ottoman calligraphers

• Ahmed Karahisari
• Nakkaş Osman
• Hâfiz Osman
• Levni
• Osman Hamdi Bey
• Şeker Ahmet Paşa
• Hoca Ali Riza
• Halil Paşa

Musicians

Main pages: Category: Musicians from the Ottoman Empire and Category: Singers from the Ottoman Empire

• Hafız Post
• Buhurizade Itri
• Hampartsoum Limondjian
• Dede Efendi
• Tanburi Büyük Osman Bey
• Hacı Arif Bey
• Tatyos Efendi
• Tamburi Cemil Bey

Poets and authors

Main pages: List of Ottoman poets, Category: Writers from the Ottoman Empire, and Category: Novelists from the Ottoman Empire

• Pir Sultan Abdal
• Fuzûlî
• Hayâlî
• Bâkî
• İncili Çavuş
• Nef'i
• Karacaoğlan
• Neşâtî
• Nedîm
• Dadaloğlu
• İbrahim Şinasi
• Agah Efendi
• Namık Kemal
• Tevfik Fikret
• Ömer Seyfettin

Men of letters and historians

Main page: Category: Historians from the Ottoman Empire

• Aşıkpaşazade
• İdris-i Bitlisi
• Matrakçı Nasuh
• Hoca Sadeddin Efendi
• Mustafa Âlî
• Mustafa Selaniki
• Koçi Bey
• Katip Çelebi
• Evliya Çelebi
• İbrahim Peçevi
• Mustafa Naima
• Osman Aga of Timișoara
• İbrahim Müteferrika
• Silahdar Findiklili Mehmed Aga
• Yirmisekiz Mehmed Çelebi
• Ahmed Resmî Efendi
• Ahmet Cevdet Pasha
• Ziya Gökalp

Scientists (including Astrologist)

Main pages: Category: Scientists from the Ottoman Empire and Category: Astronomers from the Ottoman Empire

• Şerafeddin Sabuncuoğlu
• Ali Kuşçu
• Orban
• Takiyuddin
• Hezârfen Ahmet Çelebi
• Lagari Hasan Çelebi^[6]
• Erzurumlu İbrahim Hakkı
• Müneccimbaşı Ahmed Dede

Some families

Main page: Category: Families from the Ottoman Empire

• Balyan family
• Çandarlı Family
• Köprülü family
• Levidis family
• Malkoçoğlu Family

Buildings

Main pages: Category: Buildings and structures of the Ottoman Empire and Category:Architecture in the Ottoman Empire

Palaces (İstanbul)

Main pages: Category: Ottoman palaces and Ottoman palaces in Istanbul

• Adile Sultan Palace
• Aynalıkavak Palace
• Beylerbeyi Palace
• Çırağan Palace
• Dolmabahçe Palace
• Esma Sultan Mansion
• Hatice Sultan Palace
• Ihlamur Palace
• Khedive Palace
• Küçüksu Palace
• Maslak Palace
• Topkapı Palace
• Yıldız Palace

Mosques (İstanbul)

Main pages: Category:Ottoman mosques and Category: Ottoman mosques in Istanbul

• Atik Ali Pasha Mosque
• Atik Valide Mosque
• Beyazıt II Mosque
• Dolmabahçe Mosque
• Eyüp Sultan Mosque
• Fatih Mosque
• Firuz Ağa Mosque
• Handan Agha Mosque
• Kılıç Ali Pasha Mosque
• Laleli Mosque
• Mihrimah Mosque
• Mihrimah Sultan Mosque (Üsküdar)
• Molla Çelebi Mosque
• The New Mosque
• Nuruosmaniye Mosque
• Nusretiye Mosque
• Ortaköy Mosque
• Pertevniyal Mosque
• Rüstem Pasha Mosque
• Sinan Pasha Mosque
• Sokollu Mehmet Pasha Mosque
• Sultan Ahmet Mosque (Blue Mosque)
• Süleymaniye Mosque
• Şehzade Mosque
• Şemsi Pasha Mosque
• Teşvikiye Mosque
• Yavuz Selim Mosque
• Yeni Valide Mosque
• Yıldız Hamidiye Mosque
• Zeynep Sultan Mosque

Mosques (Elsewhere)

Main page: Category:Ottoman mosques by country

• Bayezid I Mosque
• Bursa Grand Mosque
• İzzet Mehmet Pasha Mosque
• Murat Paşa Mosque
• Nasrullah Mosque
• Old Mosque
• Omer Pasha Mosque
• Selimiye Mosque
• Tekeli Mehmet Paşa Mosque
• Üç Şerefeli Mosque
• Ulucami
• Yeşil Mosque

Military

Main page: Category: Military of the Ottoman Empire

Wars

Main article: List of wars involving the Ottoman Empire

• Ottoman wars in Europe
• Ottoman wars in Asia
• Ottoman wars in Africa

Croatian–Ottoman Wars

Main article: Croatian–Ottoman Wars

• Long campaign (1443–1444)
• Hundred Years' Croatian–Ottoman War (c. 1493 – 1593)
• Long War (1593–1606)
• Great Turkish War (1662–1699)

Ottoman Persian Wars

Main article: Ottoman–Persian wars

• War of 1532–1555
• War of 1578–1590
• War of 1603–1618
• War of 1623–1639
• War of 1730–1735
• War of 1743–1746
• War of 1775–1776
• War of 1821–1823

Ottoman–Venetian Wars

Main article: Ottoman–Venetian wars

• Siege of Thessalonica (1422–1430)
• The first Ottoman–Venetian War (1463–1479)
• The second Ottoman–Venetian War (1499–1503)
• The third Ottoman–Venetian War (1537–1540)
• The fourth Ottoman–Venetian War (1570–1573)
• The fifth Ottoman–Venetian War or Cretan War (1645–1669)
• The sixth Ottoman–Venetian War or Morean War (1684–1699)
• The seventh and last Ottoman–Venetian War (1714–1718)

Polish–Ottoman Wars

Main article: Polish–Ottoman Wars

• Moldavian Magnate Wars
• Polish–Ottoman War (1620–1621)
• Polish–Ottoman War (1633–1634)
• Polish–Cossack–Tatar War (1666–1671)
• Polish–Ottoman War (1672–1676) (or "2nd Polish–Ottoman War")
• Polish–Ottoman War (1683–1699) (or "3rd Polish–Ottoman War")

Russo-Turkish War

Main article: Russo-Turkish Wars

• Russo-Turkish War (1568–1570)
• Russo-Turkish War (1676–1681)
• Russo-Turkish War (1686–1700)
• Russo Turkish War (1710)
• Russo-Turkish War (1735-1739)
• Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774)
• Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792)
• Russo-Turkish War (1806–1812)
• Russo-Turkish War (1828–1829)
• Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)

Other wars

Main article: List of wars involving the Ottoman Empire

• Byzantine–Ottoman Wars
• Ottoman–Persian Wars
• History of the Serbian–Turkish wars
• Ottoman–Habsburg wars
• Indian Ocean campaigns
• Italian War of 1542–1546
• Italo-Turkish War
• Balkan Wars
• World War I

Sieges

Main articles: List of the cities besieged by the Ottoman Empire; List of Ottoman conquests, sieges and landings; and List of cities conquered by the Ottoman Empire

• Bursa (1326)
• İznik (1331)
• İzmit (1333)
• Edirne (1361)
• Tarnovo (1393)
• İstanbul (1422)
• Thessalonica (1422)
• Svetigrad (1448)
• İstanbul (1453)
• Belgrade (1456)
• Kruje (1478)
• Rhodes (1480)
• Otranto (1481)
• Cairo (1517)
• Rhodes (1522)
• Algiers (1529)
• Vienna (1529)
• Tunis (1534)
• Baghdat (1534)
• Corfu (1537)
• Diu (1538)
• Aden (1538)
• Castelnuovo (1539)
• Buda (1541)
• Esztergom (1543)
• Van (1547)
• Tripoli (1551)
• Eger(1552)
• Oran (1556)
• Oran (1563)
• Malta (1565)
• Szigetvar (1566)
• Tunis (1574)
• Baghdad (1638)
• Candia (1669)
• Vienna (1683)
• Belgrade (1739)

Battles (before World War 1)

Main articles: List of battles involving the Ottoman Empire and List of the Ottoman battles in which the sultan participated

Bapheus Dimbos Pelekanon Ihtiman Maritsa Dubrovnica Savra Bileca 1.Kosova Rovine Nicopolis Ankara Varna 2.Kosova Albulena (Ujëbardha) Otlukbeli Vasliu Valea Alba Ekmek Otlak (Câmpul Pâinii) Krbava Zonchio Modon Chaldiran Marj Dabiq Yaunis Khan Ridanieh Mohács Formentera Preveza Algiers Sohoista Ponza Djerbe Lepanto Çıldır Torches Sisak Keresztes Cecora Khotyn (1621) Focchies Dardanelles (1654) Dardanelles (1655) Dardanelles (1656) Dardanelles (1657) Saint Gotthard Khotyn (1673) Vienna 2.Mohács Slankamen Oinousses Islands (Koyun Adaları) Andros Zenta Pruth River Petrovaradin Imbros Matapan

Hisarcık (Grocka) Stavuchany Chesma Larga Kagul Fokşan Rymnik Kaliakra (1791) Pyramids Abukir Arpachai Athos Al Safra Jeddah Čegar Alamana Dragashani Dervenakia Kamatero Navarino Kulevicha Algiers 3.Kosova Konya Nezib Oltenitza Sinop Kurekdere Eupatoria Kızıl Tepe Plevna Shipka Tashkessen Dömeke Tobruk Beirut Kardzhali Sarantaporo Giannitsa Kumanovo Kirk Kilisse Pente Pigadia Prilep Lule Burgas Merhamli Sorovich Monastir Kaliakra (1912) Imroz (Elli) Bulair Şarköy Adrianople Lemnos (Limni) Bizani Scutari Yenidje

Battles of the First World War

Main page: Category:Battles of World War I involving the Ottoman Empire

Caucasus Campaign

Main article: Caucasus Campaign

• Köprüköy (Bergmann)
• Sarikamis
• Ardahan
• Malazgirt (Manzikert)
• Kara Kilise
• Erzurum
• Trabzon
• Bitlis
• Erzincan
• Sardarapat
• Abaran
• Karakilisa
• Baku

Mesopotamian campaign

Main article: Mesopotamian campaign

• Fao– Basra
• Qurna
• Es Sinn
• Ctesiphon
• 1st Kut
• Shiekh Sa'ad
• Wadi
• Hanna
• Dujaila
• 2nd Kut
• Baghdad
• Samarra offensive
• Ramadi
• Khan Baghdadi
• Sharqat

Sinai and Palestine Campaign

Main article: Sinai and Palestine Campaign

• Kanal (Suez)
• Romani
• Magdhaba
• Refah (Rafa)
• 1st Gaza
• 2nd Gaza
• El Buggar
• Birüşebi (Beersheba)
• 3rd Gaza
• Mughar Ridge
• Kudüs(Jerusalem)
• Abu Tellul
• Megiddo

Gallipoli Campaign

Main article: Gallipoli Campaign

• Çanakkale deniz (Naval operations)
• Arıburnu (Anzac Cove)
• Helles
• 1.Kirte (Krithia)
• 2.Kirte (Krithia)
• 3.Kirte (Krithia)
• Kumkale
• Sığındere (Gully Ravine)
• Anafartalar (Sari Bair)
• Kirte Bağları (Krithia Vineyard)
• Kanlısırt (Lone Pine)
• Suvla
• Kılışbayır (The Nek)
• Conk Bayırı (Chunuk Bair)
• Yusufçuk Tepe (Scimitar Hill)
• Hill 60

Treaties

Main article: List of treaties of the Ottoman Empire

Ottoman–Venetian Edirne-Segedin (Szeged) Constantinople (1479) Constantinople (1533) Franco-Turkish Adrianople (1547) Amasya Adrianople (1568) Istanbul (1590) Zitvatorok Nasuh Pasha Serav Khotyn Kasr'ı Şirin (Zuhab) Vasvar Buczacs İzvença (Zurawno) Bakhchisarai Karlowitz Constantinople (1700) Pruth Passarowitz İstanbul (1724) Ahmet Pasha İstanbul (1736) Belgrade Niš Kerden Kuçük Kaynarca Aynalıkavak Sistova Jassy

Algeria Tripoli Tunis Paris Kale’i Sültani (Dardanelles) Bucharest Erzurum Akkerman Adrianople İstanbul (1832) Hünkâr İskelesi Kütahya Balta limanı London (1840) London (1841) Paris (1856) Scutari Ayastefanos (Yeşilköy) Berlin (1878) Cyprus Tophane İstanbul (1897) Ouchy London (1913) İstanbul (1913) Athens Erzincan Brest Litovsk Batum Mudros Sèvres

Revolts and notable events

Main article: Rebellions in the Ottoman Empire

• Sheikh Bedrettin
• Şahkulu
• Jelali revolts
• Beylerbeyi Event
• Abaza rebellion
• Atmeydanı Incident
• Çınar Incident
• Edirne event
• Patrona Halil
• Kabakçı Mustafa
• Charter of Alliance
• The Auspicious Incident
• Serbian revolt
• Greek revolt
• Bulgarian revolt
• Arab revolt
• Atçalı Kel Mehmet
• 31 March Incident
• Babıali raid

Diplomacy

Main pages: Category: Foreign relations of the Ottoman Empire and Category: Diplomats of the Ottoman Empire

• French Ambassador to the Ottoman Empire
• Polish Jagiellon ambassadors to the Ottoman Empire

Lists

Main page: Category: Ottoman Empire-related lists

• List of the Ottoman battles in which the sultan participated
• Campaigns of Suleiman the Magnificent
• List of campaigns of Mehmed the Conqueror
• Ports of the Ottoman Empire
• List of foreigners who were in the service of the Ottoman Empire
• List of commanders who died in conflict with the Ottoman Empire

See also

• Wikilala