Irgen Gioro

This family name uses Manchu naming customs. The sub-clan's name or "mukūn" is Irgen and the clan's name or "hala" is Gioro

Irgen Gioro^[3] (Manchu: ᡳᡵᡤᡝᠨ
ᡤᡳᠣᡵᠣ, Möllendorff: irgen gioro^[6]; Chinese: 伊爾根覺羅) is a Manchu clan and family name, which was officially categorized as a "notable clan",^[7] and member of the eight great houses of the Manchu nobility in Qing dynasty.^{[8][9][10][11][12][13]} Sibe and Nanai people also has Irgen Gioro as their family name.^[14][15]

Irgen Gioro ᡳᡵᡤᡝᠨ ᡤᡳᠣᡵᠣ
Clan
Irgen Gioro in Complete Genealogies of the Clans and Families of the Manchu Eight Banners
Place of origin	Muki, Yehe, Jamuhu, Singgan, Sarkū, Hunehe, Yarhū, Girin Ula, Sunggari Ula, Akuri, Fe Ala, Hada, etc.
Founder	Imperially bestowed surname with no single ancestry; or Emperor Song Huizong, Qinzong, and other captured members of Northern Song Dynasty (alleged)
Connected members	Chang Shuhong
Cadet branches	Donggo Bayara Monggero Laibu Siburu

History

The origin of Irgen Gioro does not have a decisive conclusion. According to a famous anecdote, the ancestors of Irgen Gioro were the emperors Huizong, Qinzong, and other imperial family members of Song dynasty who were captured by the Jurchens in the Jingkang Incident of the Jin–Song wars.^[16][17] The Manchu emperors had also bestowed their family name to the founding ministers or generals who rendered outstanding service to the empire.^[18] In order to differentiate from Aisin Gioro the Manchu imperial family,^[19] "Irgen" was added with the meaning of "regular citizen" or "common people" and the implication of "non-imperial".^[20][21]

At the early period of Manchu Empire, Irgen Gioro were recorded as 340 households.^[22] They mainly distributed in Muki, Yehe, Jamuhu, Singgan, Sarkū, Hunehe, Yarhū, Girin Ula, Sunggari Ula, Akuri, Fe Ala, Hada, etc.^[23] The whole clan had many famous hereditary noblemen in the empire, such as Viscount First Class Arjin and Asan of Muki; Viscount Third Class Turusi, Baron Second Class Fiyangū of Yehe and so on.^[24] Among these noble families, Muki Irgen Gioro (also known as "Muki Gioro"^[25]) was considered as the most politically influential one because of their important contribution to the Manchu Empire's establishment.^[26] Irgen Gioro also earned numerous titles of minor nobility and 40 hereditary peers as captains (Manchu: ᠨᡳᡵᡠ
ᡳ
ᠵᠠᠩᡤᡳᠨ, Möllendorff: nirui janggin^[27]) in Banner Armies.^[28]

There were few instance of name change of the clan (e.g. The Manchu clan of Bayara, Monggero, Donggo, Laibu, and Siburu came from the Irgen Gioro who settled in these places.) at the early Qing Dynasty because of migration.^[29] Due to the adoption of Chinese culture during the mid to late Qing dynasty, most of Irgen Gioro chose Zhao (simplified Chinese: 赵; traditional Chinese: 趙；Manchu: ᠵᠣᡠ, Möllendorff: Joo^[30]), the first surname in the famous Hundred Family Surnames, as their Chinese family name. It was according to the Chinese homophone and their anecdote of origin.^[31][32][33] Other utilization of Chinese family names, such as Tong, Gu, Yi, Sa, Gong, Zhao (兆), Cao, Bao, Zhe, Xi, Yu, Ge, Ma, Gao, Hu, Bai, and Chen, are also reported.^[34]

Genealogy Research

See also: Haplogroup C-M217 and Haplogroup O-M268

Due to the variety of its origins, C-TYT61432,^[35]C-M504,^[36] and O-CTS723^[36] have been reported as Irgen Gioro's Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups in modern research samples. C-F3830, an upper-clade of C-TYT61432, is further considered as a haplogroup which made important genetic contributions to modern Mongolic- and Manchu-speaking populations by molecular anthropologists.^[37]

Notable figures

Emperor Huizong of Song, allegedly the ancestor of Irgen Gioro clan

A statue of Chang Shuhong

Noble Consort Xun

Males

Ministers and Generals

Name	Sub-clan	Remarks
Arjin	Muki	Hereditary Viscount First Class
Asan	Muki	Arjin's elder cousin, hereditary Viscount First Class
Fiyangū	Yehe	Hereditary Baron Second Class
Fulata	Neyin	Viceroy of Liangjiang and Minister of Justice
G'ag'ai[38]	Hunehe	a main creator of Manchu alphabet
Gūbadai	Sunggari Ula	Hereditary Master Commandant of Light Chariot, Minister of Rites
Isangga	Warka	Grand Secretariat of the Empire
Jinšun	Girin Ula	Ili General, earned a minor noble title of Knight Commandant of Cavalry and a warrior title of "Tulgeci Baturu"
Turusi	Yehe	Fiyangū's older brother, hereditary Viscount Third Class

Prince Consort

Date	Prince Consort	Background	Princess
1583	Gahašan Hashū		Taksi's daughter (d. 1624) by Empress Xuan (Hitara Emeci)
1644 or 1645	Kuazha		Hong Taiji's sixth daughter (1633–1649) by secondary consort (Jarud Borjigit)
1723	Fusengge		Yinxiang's second daughter (1707–1726) by primary consort (Joogiya)

Modern

Name	Remarks
Chang Shuhong	the head of Dunhuang Research Academy
Zhao Ermi	Herpetologist and a member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences

Females

Imperial Consort

• Noble Consort
  • Noble Consort Xun (1758–1798), the Qianlong Emperor's noble consort

• Imperial Concubine
  • Imperial Concubine Rong (1837–1869), the Xianfeng Emperor's noble lady

• First Class Female Attendant
  • First Class Female Attendant Ping (d. 1856), the Xianfeng Emperor's first class female attendant

Princess Consort

• Primary Consort
  • Yunzhi's first primary consort, the mother of Princess (1688–1711), Princess (1689–1716), Lady (1691–1723), Lady (1692–1711) and Hongyu (1696–1718)
  • Yunhu's first primary consort, the mother of Honglong (1727–1784), Princess (1730–1775) and Princess (1731–1785)
  • Yongcheng's primary consort

• Secondary Consort
  • Nurhaci's secondary consort, the mother of Princess (1587–1646) and Abatai (1589–1646)
  • Yunti's secondary consort, the mother of first daughter (1705–1706), Princess (1706–1773) and Hongying (1707–1771)
  • Yonghuang's secondary consort, the mother of Mian'en (1747–1822)

• Concubine
  • Nurhaci's concubine, the mother of Lady (1604–1685)
  • Hong Taiji's concubine, the mother of Cangšu (1637–1700)
  • Hooge's concubine, the mother of Shushu (1645–1685)
  • Yunzhi's concubine, the mother of Princess (1702–1746)
  • Yunyou's concubine, the mother of third son (1702–1703) and sixth daughter (1709–1710)
  • Yunti's concubine, the mother of Princess (1753–1776)

See also

• Manchu people
• Manchu name
• List of Manchu clans