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Ivan Vajsov
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Ivan Augustinov Vajsov (Bulgarian: Иван Августинов Вайсов, Ivan Avgustinov Vajsov) is a Bulgarian archaeologist specializing in prehistory.
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Biography
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Ivan Vajsov was born on 26 February 1957 in the town of Piešťany, Slovakia, into a Slovak–Bulgarian family. His parents are Avgustin Vajs and Henrieta Todorova. After their separation, he lived in Sofia.
Ivan Vajsov completed his primary education at the 93rd School “Alexander Todorov – Balan” in Sofia. In 1975, he graduated from the National High School of Applied Arts “St. Luka” (Sofia, Bulgaria) with a specialization in artistic woodcarving. He later undertook an internship at the Conservation and Restoration Laboratory of the National Institute for Immovable Cultural Heritage under the Ministry of Culture (Bulgaria).
Between 1975 and 1977, he completed his mandatory military service in Yambol and Pleven. From 1977 to 1981, he studied archaeology at Faculty of Philosophy at Comenius University in Bratislava, specializing in prehistory under Professor Bohuslav Novotný. In 1984, he obtained a Doctor of Philosophy (PhDr) degree from the same university.
Vajsov briefly worked at the Regional Historical Museum, Targovishte (1981) and at the Regional Historical Museum, Dobrich (1982). Since 1982, he has been employed at the National Archaeological Museum, Bulgaria at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, where his academic career has been based. He has worked as a prehistory specialist in the Institute’s Department of Prehistory and has served as the department’s secretary.[1]
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Academic Work
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Ivan Vajsov’s scholarly work focuses on the processes of Neolithisation in the Balkans, as well as the Neolithic, Eneolithic (Chalcolithic) and Early Bronze Age cultures in Bulgaria. He is known for his research in the following areas:
Proto-Bronze Age (Proto-Bronze Cultural Horizon)
Vajsov has significantly contributed to the study of the transitional period between the Eneolithic and the Bronze Age, introducing into scholarly use the concept of the “Proto-Bronze Age” (Proto-Bronze Cultural Horizon). [2][3],
Earliest Metal Daggers in Europe
Vajsov is also known for his research on the emergence of the earliest metal daggers in Europe — considered the first metal stabbing weapons on the continent.[4] His work links the earliest metal daggers with developing social hierarchies, technological innovation, and long-distance exchange networks during the late 5th and early 4th millennium BC. He also authored a study on the earliest daggers in Bulgaria, highlighting their typology, distribution, and cultural context. [5][6]
Early Neolithic (Monochrome Neolithic) in Central Northern Bulgaria
Vajsov conducted research on the earliest, so-called Monochrome Neolithic in Central Northern Bulgaria, contributing to the identification, stratigraphy, and cultural characteristics of this phase. [7][8][9] Vajsov has also participated in geophysical survey and archaeological research projects at the Neolithic settlement of Koprivets, utilizing non-invasive methods to map settlement structures and stratigraphy.[10]
Anthropomorphic Figurines and Theoretical Approaches
Vajsov is widely recognized for his research on prehistoric anthropomorphic figurines, with a particular focus on their formal typology and the specific techniques employed in the plastic construction of anatomical features.[11] His work departs from traditional symbolic or cult-based interpretations, favouring instead a more contextual and structural analysis of these artefacts.
Influenced by structuralist theory and the works of Jean Piaget, Vajsov views knowledge not as a simple accumulation of facts, but as an internally organised (structured) system. This paradigm shapes his methodological approach, particularly in examining the internal logic, formal organisation, and conceptual models underlying figurine production. He has expressed scepticism towards the universalist theory that interprets prehistoric anthropomorphic figurines predominantly as representations of a “Great Mother Goddess” [12][13][14][15][16][17]
Drawing also on some of the ideas of Pierre Bourdieu regarding the hierarchical relationship between habitus and habitat, Vajsov explores social status differentiation and its reproduction in prehistoric society. Through this lens, he interprets phenomena such as the widespread occurrence of fragmented female ceramic figurines and the notable presence of male figurines in some prehistoric sites.[18]
Geoarchaeology and Research in the Durankulak Region
Vajsov is known for his contributions to the archaeological and geoarchaeological investigation of the Durankulak Archaeological Complex and the prehistoric tell on the “Big Island” in Durankulak, as well as the wider Durankulak Lake basin and the adjacent Black Sea shelf. His work in this field integrates archaeology, geology, geomorphology, and non-invasive methods, contributing to a broader understanding of the environmental dynamics and human occupation of the region over the long term.
He has participated in and co-authored studies involving large-scale geoarchaeological surveys, underwater explorations, and shoreline investigations that shed light on prehistoric settlement dynamics, palaeogeographic changes, and coastal interactions.[19]
He has also presented synthetic overviews of the cultural development of the Durankulak region from the 5th millennium BC to the 10th century AD, emphasising its significance for understanding the emergence of complex societies in the Western Black Sea region. [20][21][22] Since 2015, he has directed the archaeological excavations at the Durankulak Archaeological Complex, continuing the work of Henrieta Todorova.[23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35]
In addition, Vajsov has co-authored studies on underwater non-invasive investigations in Durankulak Lake, applying modern scanning and survey techniques to detect submerged archaeological features and palaeo-landscapes.[36]
Greek–Bulgarian Archaeological Project: Promachon–Topolnica
Vajsov is also known for his involvement in the Greek–Bulgarian research project investigating the Neolithic settlement of Promachon–Topolnica, located on the modern border between Bulgaria and Greece. His contributions include studies on cultural interactions, exchange networks, and communication patterns between prehistoric communities in the Struma/Strymon River Valley.
His work within the project addresses both material culture and chronology, with a particular focus on decorated pottery and its use as a chronological marker. [37][38][39]
Use of Drones and 3D Digital Documentation in Archaeology
Since 2007, Vajsov has been using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs / drones) for the creation of detailed field documentation and 3D models of terrain and archaeological structures. His work is among the early applications of drone-based surveying techniques in Bulgarian archaeology, contributing to the development of advanced methods for non-invasive documentation, spatial analysis, and site monitoring.[40]
Computerization and Quantitative Methods in Archaeology
Vajsov has also worked on the introduction of computer-based methods in archaeology, focusing on the application of seriation and correspondence analysis as tools for chronological stratification and comparative study of archaeological complexes. His early publications in this field contributed to the adoption of computational approaches during a period when such methods were not yet widely used in Bulgarian archaeological research.[41]
Collaborative Publications
Vajsov is also known for his collaborative publications with Henrieta Todorova, particularly the foundational monograph The Neolithic Age in Bulgaria[42] and the volume Copper Age Jewellery from Bulgaria, published in the prestigious Prähistorische Bronzefunde series.[43]
Griechisch–bulgarisches archäologisches Projekt: Promachon–Topolnica
Vajsov ist auch für seine Beteiligung am griechisch–bulgarischen Forschungsprojekt zur Untersuchung der neolithischen Siedlung Promachon–Topolnica bekannt, die an der heutigen Grenze zwischen Bulgarien und Griechenland liegt. Seine Beiträge umfassen Studien zu kulturellen Interaktionen, Austauschnetzen und Kommunikationsmustern zwischen prähistorischen Gemeinschaften im Tal des Struma/Strymon.
Seine Arbeiten im Rahmen des Projekts betreffen sowohl die materielle Kultur als auch die Chronologie, mit besonderem Schwerpunkt auf bemalter Keramik und deren Verwendung als chronologisches Kennzeichen.[44][45][46]
Einsatz von Drohnen und 3D-digitaler Dokumentation in der Archäologie
Seit 2007 setzt Wajsow unbemannte Fluggeräte (UAVs/Drohnen) zur Erstellung detaillierter Felddokumentationen und 3D-Modelle von Gelände und archäologischen Strukturen ein. Seine Arbeit gehört zu den frühen Anwendungen drohnengestützter Vermessungstechniken in der bulgarischen Archäologie und trägt zur Entwicklung fortgeschrittener Methoden für nicht-invasive Dokumentation, räumliche Analyse und Überwachung archäologischer Stätten bei.[47]
Computerisierung und quantitative Methoden in der Archäologie
Vajsov arbeitete zudem an der Einführung computergestützter Methoden in die Archäologie, wobei er sich auf die Anwendung von Seriations- und Korrespondenzanalysen als Instrumente zur chronologischen Stratifikation und zum vergleichenden Studium archäologischer Komplexe konzentrierte. Seine frühen Publikationen auf diesem Gebiet trugen zur Verbreitung computergestützter Ansätze in einer Zeit bei, in der solche Methoden in der bulgarischen archäologischen Forschung noch nicht weit verbreitet waren.[48]
Gemeinsame Publikationen
Vajsov ist auch für seine gemeinsamen Publikationen mit Henrieta Todorova bekannt, insbesondere für die grundlegende Monographie The Neolithic Age in Bulgaria[49] sowie für den Band Der kupferzeitliche Schmuck Bulgariens, veröffentlicht in der renommierten Reihe Prähistorische Bronzefunde.[50]
Ivan Vajsov has been cited numerous times in scholarly literature both in Bulgaria and abroad. He is referenced in connection with prehistoric research in the Balkans, particularly on topics related to Neolithisation, the Eneolithic/Chalcolithic period, the transition to the Bronze Age, the Greek–Bulgarian research project Promachon–Topolnica, and others.[51]
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