MACS1149-JD1

"JD1" redirects here. For the Korean singer, see Jeong Dong-won.

MACS1149-JD1 (also known as JD1 and PCB2012 3020) is a young galaxy that is known for being one of the farthest known galaxies from Earth. It was discovered in 2014 and confirmed in 2018.^[6] The JD1 galaxy is at a redshift of about z=9.11,^[1] or about 13.28 billion ly (4.07 billion pc) away from Earth meaning that it formed when the universe was around 500 million years old.^[4][7]

MACS1149-JD1
Hubble and ALMA image of galaxy cluster MACS J1149.5+2223 with an inset of MACS1149-JD1
Observation data (J2000 epoch)
Constellation	Leo
Right ascension	11h 49m 33.584s
Declination	+22° 24′ 45.78″
Redshift	9.1096±0.0006[1]
Heliocentric radial velocity	2878008±59958 km/s[2]
Distance	30.37 Gly (9.311 Gpc)[3] (co-moving) 13.28 Gly (4.07 Gpc)[4] (light travel)
Group or cluster	MACS J1149.5+2223
Apparent magnitude (V)	26.8[3]
Characteristics
Type	Dwarf
Mass	1.1+0.5 −0.2×109 [1] M☉
Size	3,000 ly (diameter)
Apparent size (V)	0.00075 x 0.00035
Other designations
[PCB2012] 3020, [KOI2016] HFF4C-YJ1, [ZZI2017] 663[5]

The carbon and neon abundances of JD1 are below the solar abundance ratio. The under-abundance of carbon suggests recent star formation where a Type II supernova enriched the interstellar medium (ISM) with oxygen, but intermediate mass stars have not yet enriched the ISM with carbon.^[8]

Due to a lack of old population stars detected, JD1 is probably a young galaxy.^[8]

We are able to see this galaxy because of the gravitational lensing caused by the MACS J1149.5+2223 Galaxy Cluster.

See also

• CEERS-93316
• GLASS-z12
• HD1 galaxy
• List of the most distant astronomical objects