Year |
Sender |
Japanese envoys |
Chinese monarch |
Comments |
630–632 |
Jomei |
Inugami no Mitasuki (犬上御田鍬) Kusushi Enichi (藥師惠日) |
Taizong |
Accompanied on return by Tang emissary Gao Biaoren (高表仁) |
653–654 |
Kotoku |
Kishi no Nagani (吉士長丹) Kishi no Koma (吉士駒) Takada no Nemaro (高田根麻呂) Kanimori no Omaro (掃守小麻呂) |
Gaozong |
Vessel carrying Takada no Nemaro foundered on outward journey near the island of Takeshima in Satsuma Province |
654–655 |
Kōtoku |
Takamuko no Kuromaro[3] Kawabe no Maro (河邊) Kusushi Enichi |
Gaozong |
Takamuko died in China[3] |
659–661 |
Saimei |
Sakaibe no Iwashiki (坂合部石布) Tsumori no Kisa (津守吉祥) Iki no Hakatoko (伊吉博德)[4] |
Gaozong |
Sakaibe died during the trip |
665–667 |
Tenji |
Mori no Ōishi (守大石) Sakaibe no Iwatsumi (坂合部岩積) |
Gaozong |
May have transported Tang emissary Liu Degao (劉德高) to army stationed at old Paekche garrison |
667–668 |
Tenji |
Iki no Hakatoko Kasa no Moroishi (笠諸石) |
Gaozong |
Transported Tang emissary Sima Facong (司馬法聰) to army stationed at old Paekche garrison |
669–670 |
Tenji |
Kawachi no Kujira (河内鯨) |
Gaozong |
Celebrated subjugation of Koguryŏ |
702–704 |
Mommu |
Awata no Mahito (粟田真人) Takahashi no Kasama (高橋笠間) Sakaibe no Ōkita (坂合部大分) Yamanoue no Okura (山上憶良) Kose no Ōji (巨勢祖父) |
Wu Zetian |
Kose no Ōji returned home in 707; Awata no Mahito returned in 718 |
717-718 |
Genshō |
Tajihi no Agatamori (多治比縣守) Abe no Yasumaro (阿倍安麻呂) Ōtomo no Yamamori (大伴山守) Fujiwara no Umakai (藤原馬養) |
Xuanzong |
Awata no Mahito returned in 718; students Abe no Nakamaro and Kibi no Makibi as well as monk Genbō (玄昉) joined this embassy[5] |
733–734 |
Shōmu |
Tajihi no Hironari (多治比廣成) Nakatomi no Nashiro (中臣名代) |
Xuanzong |
4 ships set out on this voyage, and one ship returned in 734; another ship returned in 736; Magistrate Heguri no Hironari (平群廣成) returned in 739 |
746- |
Shōmu |
Isonokami no Otomaro (石上乙麻呂) |
Xuanzong |
cancelled |
750–753 |
Kōken[6] |
Fujiwara no Kiyokawa (藤原清河) Ōtomo no Komaro (大伴古麻呂) Kibi no Makibi (吉備真備) |
Xuanzong |
Ship carrying Fujiwara no Kiyokawa and Abe no Nakamaro shipwrecked in Annam; both became Tang officials and never returned home |
761-761 |
Junnin |
Kō Gendo (高元度) |
Suzong |
With aim of retrieving Kiyokawa, traveled with Balhae ambassador returning home via Balhae; returned home with send-off by Tang emissary Shen Weiyue (沈惟岳) |
761- |
Junnin |
Naka no Iwatomo (仲石伴) Isonokami no Yakatsugu (石上宅嗣) Fujiwara no Tamaro (藤原田麻呂) |
Suzong |
cancelled due to damage to vessels |
762- |
Junnin |
Nakatomi no Takanushi (中臣鷹主) Koma no Hiroyama (高麗廣山) |
Daizong |
Cancelled due to lack of favorable wind |
777-778 |
Kōnin |
Saeki no Imaemishi (佐伯今毛人) Ōtomo no Masutate (大伴益立) Fujiwara no Takatori (藤原鷹取) Ono no Iwane (小野石根) Ōmiwa no Suetari (大神末足) |
Daizong |
All four vessels shipwrecked en route home; Ono no Iwane and Tang emissary Zhao Baoying (趙寶英) died |
779–781 |
Kōnin |
Fuse no Kiyonao (布勢清直) |
Dezong |
Tang emissary Sun Xingjin 孫興進 et al. sent off at Mingzhou |
804–805 |
Kammu |
Fujiwara no Kadonomaro (藤原葛野麻呂) Ishikawa no Michimasu (石川道益) |
Dezong |
4 ships on this mission; vessel 3 shipwrecked at Hirado on the outward journey; news of vessel 4 unknown; Kūkai and Saichō joined this embassy |
838–839 |
Ninmyō |
Fujiwara no Tsunetsugu (藤原常嗣) Ono no Takamura (小野篂) |
Wenzong |
Vessel 3 shipwrecked soon after departure at Tsukushi; its 140 passengers did not reach China; the monks Ennin and Ensai on board; passengers on vessels 1 and 4 hired Silla vessels and split up for the voyage home; returning in 839 with a letter from Chinese emperor;[7] vessel 2 returned home in 840 |
894- |
Uda |
Sugawara no Michizane (菅原道真) Ki no Haseo (紀長谷雄) |
Zhaozong |
cancelled |