Jiang Xiaowan

In this Chinese name, the family name is Jiang.

Jiang Xiaowan was the interpreter who accompanied Aurel Stein on his expedition to Dunhuang in 1907 and enabled Stein to secure the purchase of ancient manuscripts,^[3] including the Diamond Sutra, the world's oldest dated printed text.

Jiang Xiaowan
Photoed by Aurel Stein in his publication
Born	蒋孝琬 Hunan[1][2]
Died	1922[1][2]

Name

Jiang Xiaowan
Traditional Chinese	蔣孝琬
Simplified Chinese	蒋孝琬
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin jiǎng xiàowǎn Wade–Giles chiang3 hsiao4wan3
Title
Traditional Chinese	蔣師爺
Simplified Chinese	蒋师爷
Literal meaning	Lawyer Jiang
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin jiǎng shīyé (historically: jiǎng sīyé) Wade–Giles chiang3 shih1-yeh2 (historically: chiang3 ssu1-yeh2)

Jiang Xiaowan was his given name. His courtesy name according to Aurel Stein was Chiang Yin-Ma;^[3] however the Chinese characters of this name was not recorded.^[1]

Jiang was more often referred to as Chiang Ssu-Yeh^[4] (Wade–Giles) or Jiang Siye^[2] (Pinyin), which was likely the mistranscription of Chinese: 蔣師爺; lit. 'Lawyer Jiang'.^[1] Ssu-yeh was a title at the time indicating the person had learned traditional Chinese law.^[5]