Juan de Yciar

Juan de Yciar or Iciar (16th century) was a calligraphist and mathematician active in Zaragoza in the middle of the 16th century.

Juan de Yciar
Engraving from his book
Born	c. 1522–1523 probably Durango, Biscay, now Spain
Died	after 1572 probably Logroño, Crown of Castile, now Spain
Scientific career
Fields	Calligraphy Mathematics

Life and work

Little is known about the life of Juan de Yciar and it is known by his self-explanations in the preface of one of his books.^[1]

Born in Durango (north of actual Spain) c. 1523, he went to Zaragoza at a young age,^[2] probably due to some familiar adverse circumstances.^[3] When he was fifty years old, he was ordered priest and he was living in Logroño,^[4] where it is supposed he died sometime after 1573.

Yciar is known mainly by his work on calligraphy, edited first time in Zaragoza in 1548^[5] titled Recopilacion subtilissima: intitulada Ortographia pratica: por la qual se enseña á escreuir perfectamente,^[6] which was extended, modified and reedited many times, with different titles, during the 16th century. It is a book to teach writing in which there are from pedagogic rules^[7] to different types of letters,^[8] going by formulas to make inks or ways to cut quills.^[9] The success of the book resides in the fact that codification of a standard legible hand was indispensable to the functioning of an imperial bureaucracy that the rising Spanish Empire needed.^[10] The plate engravings had been made by the French engraver Juan de Vingles, who worked in several Spanish towns during the 16th century.^[11] The editions of 1564 and onward had attached and annex on arithmetic written by Juan Gutiérrez de Gualda.

In 1549, and also in Zaragoza, he published a book on elementary arithmetic, with pedagogical goals, titled Arithmetica practica, muy util y provechoso para toda persona que quisiere ejercitar se en aprender a contar.^[12][13] Despite the small success of this book, it is also a sample of the learning needs of the tradesmen in an era of growing of trade.^[14]