Juma dialect

For the extinct Carib language, see Juma language (Carib).

Júma (Arara-Kawahib)^[3] is one of the eight ethnic varieties of the Kagwahiva language, which belongs to Subgroup VI of the Tupi-Guarani languages.^[4] The most elderly native speaker, called Aruka Juma, died in 2021.^[5][6]

Juma
Kawahíva
Native to	Brazil
Region	Amazonas
Ethnicity	12 Juma (2024)
Native speakers	3 (2024)[1][2]
Language family	Tupian Tupí–Guaraní Kawahib Juma
Language codes
ISO 639-3	jua
Glottolog	juma1249
ELP	Júma

Documentation

The language has been documented since 2019 through the recording of vocabulary lists, traditional narratives, everyday stories, etc. Some of the texts can accessed through the website of the Survey of California and Other Indian Languages.^[7]

Phonology

Source:^[8][9]

Consonants

		Bilabial	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal		m	n		ŋ
Stop	voiceless	p	t		k	ʔ
	voiced				ɡ
Fricative						h
Approximant				j	w
Rhotic			ɾ

Vowels

	Front	Central	Back
High	i ĩ	ɨ ɨ̃	u ũ
Mid	ɛ ɛ̃		ɔ ɔ̃
Low		a ã

There are no supersegmentals, including stress.