Kalkans

Kalkans, Kolkans, Kalki, Kolki, Kalkan people — ethnonym of the Ingush used in Russian sources of the 16th-17th centuries. The ethnonym corresponds to the self-name of the Ingush - Ghalghaï.^[1][2]

History

Kalkans are first mentioned in the second half of the 16th century in numerous reports of attacks done on Russian ambassador armies in Darial Gorge by Kalkans.^[3][4][2] The earliest mention of Kalkans can be found in 1590 article list of knyaz of Zvenigorod and diak of Torkh, when the Kolkans attacked Russian ambassador army.^[5][3][1]

Historical mentions

Name	Source	Date	Refs
Kolkans	Article list	1590	[5][3][1]
Kalkans	Document	1604	[6]
Kalkan mountains	Document	1604	[6]
Kalkan kabaks	Document	1614	[6]
Kalkan mountain lands	Reportage	1619	[1]
Kolkan lands	Chelobitnaya of Okoks	1621	[7]
Kolkan lands	Reportage of 2 Kabardian knyazes	1621	[8]
Kalkani	Document	1637	[6]