Kalulu

For other uses, see Kalulu (disambiguation).

Ndugu M’Hali or Kalulu (c. 1865 – 28 March 1877) was an African slave and adopted child of the explorer and journalist Henry Morton Stanley. Kalulu died young, but in his short life he visited Europe, America and the Seychelles. He had a book dedicated to him, a model in Madame Tussauds, and was a guest at David Livingstone's funeral.^[1]

Kalulu
Born	Ndugu M’Hali c. 1865 Africa
Died	28 March 1877 (1877-03-29) (aged 12) Kalulu Falls on the Lualaba river
Cause of death	Drowning
Other names	The African Stephen Walker
Education	Briefly at Wandsworth
Known for	Adopted by Henry Morton Stanley

Biography

M’Hali was born in Africa and became Henry Morton Stanley's favourite after being given to him at Tabora in Tanzania. M'Hali was freed but was renamed by Stanley. His original name was "Ndugu M’Hali" which meant "My friend's brother".^[1] Stanley disliked the name, calling him instead "Kalulu," the Swahili word for rabbit.

A studio picture of M’Hali and Stanley now in the Smithsonian Institution. Henry Morton Stanley was the adopted name of John Rowlands from North Wales. Stanley became famous for saying, "Dr. Livingstone, I presume."

After Stanley found Dr. Livingstone, he returned to England and decided to take M’Hali with him. He was Stanley's constant companion, and Stanley would record his reactions to new things. He commented on how good he was after drinking wine and upset after trying mustard. Stanley went on a lecture tour to America and to Paris, and M’Hali went with him. At one point they were delayed in the Seychelles, and whilst there and in London, Stanley had his photograph taken with M’Hali in the background. Moreover, Stanley wrote and published a book called "Kalulu, Prince, King and slave" in 1873.^[2] The book has been called a homosexual love story,^[1] and it describes a growing friendship between a character called Kalulu (an "Apollo"), who is older than the real M’Hali and another boy called "Selim" (Stanley's translator in Africa was called Selim).^{[citation needed]}

Death of Kalulu - a contemporary engraving

M’Hali dined with members of society but often felt he was being humiliated as a result of a previous racist encounter. It was only when introduced to Lord Freeth that he really started to flourish in western society. Stanley said of M’Hali that he had "taken him to England and the United States, and whom I had placed in an English school for eighteen months."^[3]: 51

Stanley was sent back to Africa under a mission supported by The Daily Telegraph in London and the New York Herald as an “ambassador of two great powers.” He was to take with him an “army of peace and light,” and this included his protégé M’Hali. Stanley was to map central Africa and report on suspected slave traders^[4] whom Stanley had lectured against whilst in England.

M’Hali died in "Kalulu Falls" (part of the Livingstone Falls on the Congo River), when one of the expedition's canoes was taken over the waterfall. He and four others were killed.^{[3]: 264–265} After learning of the tragedy, Stanley vowed to rid the empire of its only remaining slave master, the one they called 'Marsh'. It was his last request to have the Livingstone Falls renamed after Kalulu. Unlike many new names that Stanley gave to places, the title of Kalulu Falls stuck.^[5]