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Kamula language
Trans–New Guinea language From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Kamula (Kamira, Wawoi) is a Trans–New Guinea language that is unclassified within that family in the classification of Malcolm Ross (2005). Noting insufficient evidence, Pawley and Hammarström (2018) leave it as unclassified.[2]
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Demographics
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Kamula is spoken in two widely separated areas,[2]: 80 including in Kamiyami village of the Wawoi Falls area in Bamu Rural LLG, Western Province, Papua New Guinea.[3]
Routamaa (1994: 7) estimates that there are about 800 speakers of Kamula located in 3 villages in Western Province, with no dialectal differences reported.[4] This is because the Kamula had originally lived in camps near Samokopa in the northern area, but a group had split off and moved to Wasapea in the south only around 50 years ago.[5]: 14
- Kesiki, at Wawoi Falls in Bamu Rural LLG (main village) (6.951833°S 142.654804°E)
- Samokopa in Bamu Rural LLG (one day's walk from Kesiki) (6.931064°S 142.746689°E)
- Wasapea (Kamiyami[6]) in Gogodala Rural LLG (seven days' walk, or 90 km to the south of Kesiki) (7.889003°S 142.648998°E)[7]
In the northern villages of Kesiki and Samokopa, Kamula children were reported as preferring to speak Doso over Kamula. A minority of Kamula people in the northern area also live in Dibiyaso-speaking villages, where they are multilingual in Kamula, Doso, and Dibiyaso. Kamula people in the southern village of Wasapea are also fluent in Gogodala.[6]
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Classification
The little data that exists for Kamula pronouns does not fit in with the neighboring East Strickland or Bosavi languages (though 1sg nê likely reflects proto-TNG *na), so Kamula is best left as an unclassified language an independent branch of Trans–New Guinea pending further study.
Attested pronouns are 1sg nɛ̃, 2sg wɛ̃, and ̩pl diɛ.
Phonology
Kamula phonology:[8]
Consonants
Kamula has 12 consonants.
Vowels
Kamula has 7 vowels.
Vocabulary
The following basic vocabulary words are from Dutton (2010),[9] Reesink (1976),[10] and Shaw (1986),[11] as cited in the Trans-New Guinea database:[12]
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References
External links
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