Khordha district

This article is about Khordha District in Odisha, India. For its namesake town, see Khordha.

Khordha district is an administrative division of the state of Odisha, India. It was formed on April 1, 1993, by the division of former Puri District into Puri, Khordha and Nayagarh districts. In the year 2000 the district name was changed to Khordha. The district headquarters is Khordha Town. The capital city of Bhubaneswar is located in this district.^[2] Khordha is the most urbanized of all the districts of Odisha.

Khordha district Khurda
District of Odisha
'From Zigzag from the top': Mangalajodi, IIT Bhubaneswar, Maa Barunei Temple, Pathani Samanta Planetarium, Chandaka Elephant Sanctuary, Khurda Road Junction railway station, Parsurameswara Temple
Nickname:  Paikagada
Location in Odisha
Khordha district
Coordinates: 20.166°N 85.666°E / 20.166; 85.666
Country	India
State	Odisha
Headquarters	Khordha
Government
• Collector & District Magistrate	K Sudarshan Chakravarthy
Area
• Total	2,813 km2 (1,086 sq mi)
Population  (2011)[1]
• Total	2,251,673
• Density	800/km2 (2,100/sq mi)
Languages
• Official	Odia, English
Time zone	UTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN	751 xxx, 752 xxx
Telephone code	674, 6755, 6756
Vehicle registration	OD-02/OD-33, OD-33K
Nearest city	Bhubaneswar
Sex ratio	1.108 ♂/♀
Literacy	87.51%
Lok Sabha constituency	2
Vidhan Sabha constituency	6
Climate	Aw (Köppen)
Precipitation	1,443 millimetres (56.8 in)
Avg. summer temperature	41.4 °C (106.5 °F)
Avg. winter temperature	9.5 °C (49.1 °F)
Website	www.khordha.nic.in

Khordha Road, the railway station that serves the town, is also the divisional headquarters of the East Coast Railway of the Indian Railways, and contains its own division. Khordha is known for its brass utensils, cottage industries, railway coach manufacturing and cable manufacturing unit and counsumer food manufacturing unit of various MNCs like Coca-Cola, Pepsi, Unilever, ITC etc.

History

It was the capital of Odisha from 1568 to 1803. It is also known for its fort, often described as the "last independent fort".^[3] The commander who kept it free from British East India Company was Bakshi Jagabandhu, popularly called 'Paika Bakshi'.

The Savaras tribal group, who are still to be found in the district in some pockets, once heavily populated the area. Khurda came into prominence when the first Rajas of the Khordha dynasty, Ramachandra Deva, made it the capital of his kingdom during the latter part of the 16th century. Khurda suffered repeated onslaughts from Muslim and Maratha cavalry but its royal house retained independence till 1804, when the British East India Company dispossessed Raja of his territory following the Second Anglo-Maratha War.

British government took Odisha under its rule in 1803 but could only include Khurda in 1827. The Paikas of Khurda are known for protesting against the British rule in Odisha.

Geography

It is also the district headquarters of Khurda district located at 20.11° N 85.40° E. The area of the district is 2,813 km² (1,086 sq mi).^[2] The district is bordered by Cuttack district to the north and east, Puri district to the south, Ganjam district to the west, and Nayagarh district to the northwest. The Daya and Kuakhai Rivers flow through Khurda. The forested area is 618.67 km² (238.87 sq mi).^[4] The district is mainly flat coastal plain, with some hill ranges in the west. It borders the Chilika Lake.

Climate

Bhubaneswar
Climate chart (explanation)
J F M A M J J A S O N D     12     28 16     24     32 19     24     35 22     22     37 25     56     38 27     196     35 26     325     32 25     330     31 25     288     32 25     208     31 23     37     30 19     28     28 15 █ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C █ Precipitation totals in mm Source: IMD
Imperial conversion J F M A M J J A S O N D     0.5     83 60     1     89 65     1     95 72     0.9     99 77     2.2     100 80     7.7     96 79     13     89 77     13     89 77     11     89 77     8.2     89 73     1.5     86 66     1.1     82 60 █ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F █ Precipitation totals in inches

• Temperature: 41.4 (max), 9.5 (min)^[4]
• Rainfall: 1443 mm (avg)^[4]

Economy

It is renowned for its brass utensils cottage industries, cable factory, spinning mills, watch repairing factory, railway coach repairing factory, oil industries, Coca-Cola bottling plant and small metal industries, or sms group, Iocl gas bottling plant.

Divisions

• Parliamentary constituencies: 2
• Assembly constituencies: 6
• Subdivisions: 2^[4]
• Villages: 1,561^[4]
• Blocks: 10^[4]
• Grama panchayat: 168^[4]
• Tehsils: 08^[4]
• Towns: 8^[4]
  • Municipality: 2 (Khordha, Jatni)^[4]
  • Municipal Corporation: 1 (Bhubaneshwar)^[4]
  • N.A.C: 5 (Tangi, Balugaon, Banpur, Begunia, Bolagarh )

Blocks

1. Balianta
2. Balipatna
3. Banapur
4. Begunia
5. Bhubaneswar
6. Bolagarh
7. Chilika
8. Jatni
9. Khordha
10. Tangi

Subdivisions

Source:^[5]

1. Bhubaneswar: consists of 4 blocks, viz. Balianta, Balipatana, Jatni, Bhubaneswar.
2. Khurda: consists of 6 blocks, viz. Tangi, Khorda sadara, Banapur, Begunia, Bolgarh and Chilika.

Demographics

Historical population

Year	Pop.	±%
1901	470,409	—
1911	479,645	+2.0%
1921	431,482	−10.0%
1931	478,128	+10.8%
1941	516,719	+8.1%
1951	557,718	+7.9%
1961	658,073	+18.0%
1971	858,554	+30.5%
1981	1,132,182	+31.9%
1991	1,502,014	+32.7%
2001	1,877,395	+25.0%
2011	2,251,673	+19.9%
Source: Census of India[6]

Religions in Khordha district (2011)[7]
Religion			Percent
Hinduism			95.38%
Islam			3.73%
Christianity			0.56%
Other or not stated			0.33%

According to the 2011 census Khordha district has a population of 2,251,673,^[1] roughly equal to the nation of Latvia^[8] or the US state of New Mexico.^[9] This gives it a ranking of 201st in India (out of a total of 640).^[1] The district has a population density of 799 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,070/sq mi).^[1] Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 19.65%.^[1] Khordha has a sex ratio of 925 females for every 1000 males,^[1] and a literacy rate of 87.51%. 48.16% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 13.21% and 5.11% of the population respectively.^[1]

Languages of Khordha district (2011)^[10]

1. Odia (92.1%)
2. Urdu (1.98%)
3. Telugu (1.69%)
4. Hindi (1.55%)
5. Bengali (1.38%)
6. Others (1.27%)

At the time of the 2011 Census of India, 92.13% of the population in the district spoke Odia, 1.98% Urdu, 1.69% Telugu, 1.55% Hindi, 1.38% Bengali and 0.43% Santali as their first language.^[10]

Politics

Vidhan sabha constituencies

Main article: List of constituencies of Odisha Vidhan Sabha

The following are the eight Vidhan sabha constituencies^[11][12] of Khordha district and the elected members^[13] of that area.

No.	Constituency	Reservation	Extent of the Assembly Constituency (blocks)	Member of 14th Assembly	Party
111	Jayadev	SC	Balianta, Balipatna	Arabinda Dhali	BJD
112	Bhubaneswar Central	None	Bhubaneswar MC Ward No. 16 to 29 and 35 to 37	Bijaya Kumar Mohanty	BJD
113	Bhubaneswar North	None	Bhubaneswar (MC) (part), Bhubaneswar (part)	Priyadarshi Mishra	BJD
114	Ekamra-Bhubaneswar	None	Bhubaneswar (MC) (part), Bhubaneswar (part)	Ashok Chandra Panda	BJD
115	Jatani	None	Jatani (M), Jatani, Khurda (part), Bhubaneswar (part)	Suresh Kumar Routray	INC
116	Begunia	None	Begunia, Bologarh	Raja Sahoo	BJD
117	Khurda	None	Khurda (M), Tangi, Khurda (part)	Yotirindra Nath Mitra	BJD
118	Chilika	None	Balugaon (NAC), Banapur (NAC), Chilika, Banapur,	Prasant Jagdev	BJP

Lok Sabha constituencies

During the 1952 general election, Pandit Lingraj Mishra was elected from the Khurda (Lok Sabha constituency). From 1957 onwards, members were elected from Bhubaneswar (Lok Sabha constituency).^[14]