Kingdom of Kumalarang

The Kingdom of Kumalarang or "古麻剌朗" in ancient Chinese texts, is a precolonial Filipino kingdom located on what is now the town of Kumalarang at the Zamboanga Peninsula.^{[1][need quotation to verify]}

Idjang

Pangasinan

Maynila

Madja-as

Butuan

Sultanate of Sulu

Kumalarang

Sanmalan

Ma-i

Sandao

Bo-ol

Sultanate of Maguindanao

Cebu

Namayan

Tondo

Pulilu

Confederate States of Lanao

Cainta

Caboloan

Ibalon

Samtoy

Locations of pre-colonial principalities, polities, kingdoms and sultanates in the Philippine archipelago

Kumalarang is listed in the Ming Shilu (the imperial annals of the emperors of the Ming dynasty) among other kingdoms in Insular Southeast Asia (e.g. Malacca, Brunei, Sulu) as a polity that was conferred an imperial seal by the Ming Emperor in the mid-15th century.^[2]