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La Meseta Formation
Geological formation and major fossil site in Antarctica From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The La Meseta Formation is a sedimentary sequence deposited during much of the Paleogene on Seymour Island off the coast of the Antarctic Peninsula. It is noted for its fossils, which include both marine organisms and the only terrestrial vertebrate fossils from the Cenozoic of Antarctica.[2][4]
In some treatments, the La Meseta Formation is restricted to just the older Thanetian to Lutetian-aged strata, with the younger Bartonian to Rupelian strata treated as the overlying Submeseta Formation.[5][6] However, other papers instead treat the Submeseta Formation as an allomember of the La Meseta Formation.[7][8]
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Description
La Meseta Formation lies unconformably on the Cretaceous Lopez de Bertodano Formation. It is an approximately 557 metres (1,827 ft) thick sequence of poorly consolidated sandstones and siltstones. The depositional environment was probably coastal, deltaic or estuarine in character. The top of the sequence is an erosional unconformity to Pleistocene glacial gravels.[3][2] La Meseta Formation is one of the sequences that make up the fill of the Late Jurassic to Paleogene James Ross Basin.[3]
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Paleoenvironment
The terrestrial environment surrounding the deposition area is thought to have been a temperate polar forest, including podocarp and araucarian conifers, as well as Nothofagus.[9][10] Most of the fossilized woods and flowers discovered on Seymour Islands consist of extinct species of conifer trees and lilies during warm climate.[11][12]
Paleobiota
Summarize
Perspective
La Meseta Formation is extremely rich in fossils. Among mammals, the meridiungulata Antarctodon and Trigonostylops have been found in the formation.[13][14] as well as marsupial Derorhynchidae, Microbiotheria, and polydolopimorphia.[15][16] It is famous for its penguin fossils, for example the two genera Archaeospheniscus and Palaeeudyptes.[17][18] Other bird fossils include Dasornis, a genus of pseudotooth birds. There is also an abundance of trace fossils. Diplocraterion, Helminthopsis, Muensteria, Oichnus, Ophiomorpha, Skolithos, Teredolites and Zapfella have been described.[19] Over 35 species and 26 families of fish, which includes sharks, have been described from the Ypresian Cucullaea bed.[3][20]
Mammals
Color key
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Notes Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; |
Meriduingulata
- Astrapotheria
- Litopterna
Cetaceans
Metatherians
- Derorhynchidae
- Microbiotheria
- Polydolopimorphia
Other mammals
Birds
Sphenisciformes
Other birds
Reptiles
Amphibians
Cartilaginous fish
Chimaeras
Sharks
Rays
Ray-finned fish
Cephalopods
Plants
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See also
References
Further reading
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