Later Parhae

Later Parhae or Later Bohai (928–935) was a state hypothesized to have existed in Manchuria. It emerged after Parhae (Bohai) was destroyed by the Liao dynasty. Later Parhae is considered by some to be the first of several successor states to Parhae after its fall to the Liao dynasty in 926.

Later Parhae 後渤海 후발해
928–935
Capital	Holhan
Common languages	Parhae language
Religion	Parhae Buddhism, Parhae Confucianism, Parhae Taoism, Parhae shamanism
Government	Monarchy
History
• Establishment	928
• Fall	935
Preceded by Succeeded by Parhae Jeongan
Today part of	China North Korea

Later Parhae
Chinese name
Chinese	后渤海
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Hòu bó hǎi Wade–Giles Hu Bohai
Korean name
Hangul	후발해
Hanja	後渤海
Transcriptions Revised Romanization Hu Balhae McCune–Reischauer Hu Parhae

The existence of Later Parhae was first proposed by Japanese scholar Hino Kaizaburo in 1943 and subsequently supported by some South Korean scholars. Outside of South Korea, "Later Parhae" is usually understood as a name for the kingdom of Dongdan or other polities on the former territory of Parhae.^[1][2][3]

History

After the fall of Parhae, part of the land was annexed by the Khitan-led Liao dynasty, and part was incorporated into the Liao vassal Dongdan Kingdom, and the rest was inhabited by the Koguryo people who retained independence. The conquered people of Parhae immediately began rebelling against the Liao dynasty.

Starting in 927, the Khitans had begun to hunt down and execute all members of the royal family in order to destroy any chance of a new ruler to take the throne. However, several members of the royal family survived.

Among them were Crown Prince Dae Gwang-hyeon. The Crown Prince took Parhae refugees, mostly former Goguryeo people, and escaped down to their southern neighbor, Goryeo, where the newly-risen King Taejo of Goryeo accepted them with generosity.

In 928, the Liao dynasty moved the Dongdan capital to Liaoyang and relocated the Parhae remnants. As Dongdan retreated, the Dae clan then united the western Amnok River resistance groups and established "Later Parhae" at the old capital Holhan.^[1]

However, general Yeol Manhwa took control in a coup and established Jeongan (Ding'an) in 935.

See also

• Parhae
• Jeongan
• Heungyo