Lecithin–cholesterol acyltransferase

Lecithin–cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT, also called phosphatidylcholine–sterol O-acyltransferase) is an enzyme found in many animals, including humans. It converts free cholesterol into cholesteryl ester, a more hydrophobic form of cholesterol. This process sequesters cholesterol ester into the core of a lipoprotein particle, eventually making the newly synthesized HDL spherical and forcing the reaction to become unidirectional since the particles are removed from the surface. The enzyme is bound to high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) (alpha-LCAT) and LDLs (beta-LCAT) in the blood plasma.^[5] LCAT deficiency can cause impaired vision due to cholesterol corneal opacities, anemia, and kidney damage.^[6] It belongs to the family of phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferases.

LCAT
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 4X96, 4XWG, 4XX1, 5BV7
Identifiers
Aliases	LCAT, entrez:3931, lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase
External IDs	OMIM: 606967; MGI: 96755; HomoloGene: 68042; GeneCards: LCAT; OMA:LCAT - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 16 (human)[1] Band 16q22.1 Start 67,939,750 bp[1] End 67,944,131 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 8 (mouse)[2] Band 8 D3|8 53.06 cM Start 106,666,183 bp[2] End 106,670,014 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in right lobe of liver right hemisphere of cerebellum tibial nerve left lobe of thyroid gland apex of heart right lobe of thyroid gland ascending aorta right coronary artery canal of the cervix body of uterus Top expressed in left lobe of liver lumbar subsegment of spinal cord dentate gyrus of hippocampal formation granule cell cerebellar cortex yolk sac primary visual cortex CA3 field optic nerve hippocampus proper superior frontal gyrus More reference expression data BioGPS n/a
Gene ontology Molecular function transferase activity O-acyltransferase activity apolipoprotein A-I binding protein binding acyltransferase activity phosphatidylcholine-sterol O-acyltransferase activity Cellular component extracellular region high-density lipoprotein particle extracellular exosome extracellular space Biological process steroid metabolic process regulation of high-density lipoprotein particle assembly lipid metabolism cholesterol transport cholesterol metabolic process cholesterol esterification very-low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling phospholipid metabolic process lipoprotein biosynthetic process cholesterol homeostasis phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process phosphatidylcholine metabolic process reverse cholesterol transport high-density lipoprotein particle remodeling Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 3931 16816 Ensembl ENSG00000213398 ENSMUSG00000035237 UniProt P04180 P16301 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_000229 NM_008490 RefSeq (protein) NP_000220 NP_032516 Location (UCSC) Chr 16: 67.94 – 67.94 Mb Chr 8: 106.67 – 106.67 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Interactive pathway map

Click on genes, proteins and metabolites below to link to respective articles.^{[§ 1]}

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|alt=Statin pathway edit]]

Statin pathway edit

1. The interactive pathway map can be edited at WikiPathways: "Statin_Pathway_WP430".

See also

• Lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency
• Acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT)