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Leptotrichiaceae

Family of gram-negative, anaerobic bacteria From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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Leptotrichiaceae is a family of bacteria in the order Fusobacteriales. The family includes several genera, such as Leptotrichia, Streptobacillus, Sneathia, Caviibacter, Oceanivirga, Sebaldella, Pseudoleptotrichia, and Pseudostreptobacillus. Bacteria in this family are gram-negative, typically anaerobic, and inhabit diverse environments, including the mucous membranes of humans and animals, as well as ocean sediments.[1] While some species are part of the normal microbial flora, others can act as opportunistic pathogens, causing infections in immunocompromised individuals.

Quick Facts Scientific classification, Genus ...
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Characteristics

Members of Leptotrichiaceae are gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria that are non-motile and non-spore-forming. They are predominantly anaerobic or facultatively anaerobic, thriving in low-oxygen environments, and exhibit fermentative metabolism, producing organic acids from carbohydrates. Many species are fastidious, requiring enriched media such as blood or serum for growth.[2] These bacteria are commonly isolated from the oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract, and urogenital system of mammals, as well as from marine habitats.

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Genera

The family Leptotrichiaceae encompasses the following genera:

  • Leptotrichia – Found in the oral cavity and other mucous membranes; some species are implicated in infections in neutropenic patients.[3]
  • Streptobacillus – Includes Streptobacillus moniliformis, the causative agent of streptobacillary rat-bite fever, a zoonotic disease.[4]
  • Sneathia – Associated with the female urogenital tract and linked to conditions like bacterial vaginosis.[5]
  • Caviibacter – Isolated from clinical specimens, including abscesses in animals.[6]
  • Oceanivirga – Found in marine environments, including ocean sediments and fish.[7]
  • Sebaldella – A genus found in the human oral and gastrointestinal microbiota, occasionally acting as an opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised individuals.
  • Pseudoleptotrichia – A recently identified genus contributing to the phylogenetic diversity of Leptotrichiaceae.
  • Pseudostreptobacillus – Another newly recognized genus within the family, distinct from Streptobacillus.
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Phylogeny

The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LSPN)[1] and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI).[8]

16S rRNA based LTP_10_2024[9][10][11] 120 marker proteins based GTDB 10-RS226[12][13][14]
Leptotrichiaceae

Sebaldella Collins and Shah 1986

Pseudoleptotrichia Eisenberg et al. 2020

Leptotrichia Trevisan 1879

Caviibacter Eisenberg et al. 2016

Oceanivirga Eisenberg et al. 2016

Sneathia Collins et al. 2002

Pseudostreptobacillus Eisenberg et al. 2020

Streptobacillus Levaditi, Nicolau & Poincloux 1925
Leptotrichiaceae

Sebaldella

Caviibacter

Oceanivirga

Sneathia

Pseudostreptobacillus

Streptobacillus

Pseudoleptotrichia

Leptotrichia

See also

References

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