Leviathan (locomotive)

The Leviathan, officially known as Central Pacific #63, is a 4-4-0 steam locomotive owned by the Central Pacific Railroad. It was notable for helping construct the First transcontinental railroad before hauling Leland Stanford's special train, which was then passed on to sister engine #60, the Jupiter, to take part in the railroad's completion in 1869.

Leviathan
Leviathan replica at 2009 train festival in Owosso, Michigan
Type and origin Power type Steam Builder Schenectady Locomotive Works (original) Dave Kloke (Kloke Locomotive Works) (replica) Serial number 512 (original) [1] Build date September 1868 (original) 2009 (replica)
Specifications Configuration: ​  • Whyte 4-4-0 Gauge 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge Fuel type Wood, converted to coal in 1893
Career Operators Central Pacific Railroad, Southern Pacific Railroad Numbers 63 (CP), renumbered 1197 in 1891 Replica renumbered PRR 331 in 2018 Official name Leviathan First run April 5, 1869 Current owner Stone Gable Estates (Replica) Disposition Original scrapped in 1901, replica built in 2009 and is operational on the Harrisburg, Lincoln and Lancaster Railroad

The Leviathan was built in September 1868 by the Schenectady Locomotive Works in New York, along with three other identical engines, numbered 60, 61, and 62, respectively named the Jupiter, Storm, and Whirlwind. These were dismantled and sailed to San Francisco, California, before being sent to the Central Pacific headquarters in Sacramento for reassembly. The Jupiter was the first to be commissioned into service on March 20, 1869, followed by the Whirlwind on April 4 of that year, and the Storm and Leviathan entered service the following day, April 5, 1869.

Original engine

The Leviathan was used on passenger, general goods, and construction trains on the farthest end of the Central Pacific Railroad’s line in Utah, just miles from the Union Pacific Railroad’s own end of line. One month after entering service, the Leviathan made history by hauling Governor Leland Stanford's special train to Camp Victory in Toano, Nevada, and from there it was picked up by sister engine Jupiter and taken to the ceremony in Promontory.^[2]

After the ceremony, the Leviathan found itself in more regular usage on the Central Pacific. In the early 1870s, the railroad had stopped naming their engines and the Leviathan became CP #63. When the Southern Pacific Railroad gained control of Central Pacific Railroad, CP #63 was renumbered and heavily modified, including a conversion to burn coal instead of wood. It was scrapped at the start of 20th century, with its historical significance not recognized until decades later.

Replica engine

Between 1999 and 2009, the Kloke Locomotive Works, run by Dave Kloke, constructed a full-size replica of the Leviathan, borrowing plans, research, blueprints, and patterns from the construction of the replica of the Jupiter by O'Connor Engineering, in order to match the specifications and details.^[3] The replica however was also fitted with modern-day features upon construction, including an oil bunker, a small headlight on the rear of the tender, air brakes, and a varnished wooden cab. The replica made a few test runs prior to its unveiling over the rails of the Fox River Trolley Museum of South Elgin, IL, close to site of the Kloke Locomotive Works in Elgin, IL.The replica made its first public appearance at the 2009 train festival in Owosso, Michigan, being hosted by the Steam Railroading Institute. Since then, the replica of the Leviathan has visited various tourist railroads and museums across the Midwest and Eastern United States for special events, including the Saratoga and North Creek Railway in North Creek, New York, the Illinois Railway Museum in Union, Illinois, and the Age of Steam Roundhouse in Sugarcreek, Ohio.^[4][5][6]

In 2018, the Leviathan replica was acquired by the Stone Gable Estates, which opened both the Star Barn Complex and the Harrisburg, Lincoln and Lancaster Railroad in Elizabethtown, Pennsylvania. The Leviathan replica currently operates on the Elizabethtown line exclusively for special events, while being re-lettered as Pennsylvania Railroad 331, the locomotive that pulled President Abraham Lincoln's funeral train in 1865.^[7]