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Libguestfs
Tools for accessing virtual disk images From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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libguestfs is a C library and a set of tools for accessing and modifying virtual disk images used in platform virtualization. The tools can be used for viewing and editing virtual machines (VMs) managed by libvirt and files inside VMs, scripting changes to VMs, creating VMs, and much else besides.[3] It was created to avoid security issues that occur when virtual disk images are mounted directly on the host system.[4]
libguestfs can access nearly any type of file system including: all known types of Linux filesystem (ext2/3/4, XFS, btrfs, etc.), any Windows filesystem (VFAT and NTFS), any Mac OS X and BSD filesystems, LVM2 volume management, MBR and GPT disk partitions, raw disks, qcow2, VirtualBox VDI, VMWare VMDK, Hyper-V VHD/VHDX, on files, local devices, CD and DVD ISOs, SD cards, or remotely over FTP, HTTP, SSH, iSCSI, NBD, GlusterFS, Ceph, Sheepdog, and much more. libguestfs does not require root permissions.
The C API for libguestfs can be linked with C and C++ programs. It has official bindings for Perl, Python, Ruby, Rust, Java, OCaml, PHP, Haskell, Erlang, Lua, Golang and C#.[5]
libguestfs comes with command-line programs that allows use from shell scripts or in the command line.[5] It has two "shells" of its own providing for interactive use, guestfish for general operations and virt-rescue for fixing unbootable virtual machines. Multiple tools are available modeled after ordinary Unix commands, such as virt-cat and virt-tar.[6] Through the FUSE module, guest filesystems can be mounted on the host with the guestmount command.[5]
libguestfs works in part by running an appliance (a tiny Linux distribution) inside of a virtual machine.[7] This can be achieved through either qemu or libvirt. These two can in turn use either TCG (software emulation) or KVM (hardware-accelerated).[8]
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libguestfs is only one part of the larger libguestfs project. Each of the following is a separate source code archive (tarball):[9]
- libguestfs, the library.
- guestfs-tools, the command-line programs making use of libguestfs.
- hivex, the Windows Registry editing library (with command-line programs).
- libnbd, userspace library providing a network block device client.
- nbdkit, code for a network block device server.
- supermin, tools for creating "appliances".
- virt-p2v, tool for converting a physical machine into a KVM instance.
- virt-v2v, tool for converting a non-KVM hypervisor instance into a KVM instance.
Some of these components (nbd-related and hivex) are created separately by libguestfs authors because they are needed for implementing some features in libguestfs, but can also be used independently of the image-handling functionality. Others are tools that build on libguestfs but go beyond its original scope.
Hivex
Hivex is a C library from the authors, intended for reading and writing Windows Registry Hive files. It comes with a number of console programs for processing these files. Hivex itself does not deal with virtual machine images. For editing files in VM images, libguestfs ships a program called "virt-win-reg".[10]
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