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Lichida

Extinct order of trilobites From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Lichida
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Lichida is an order of typically spiny trilobite that lived from the Furongian to the Devonian period.[2] These trilobites usually have 8–13 thoracic segments.[1] Their exoskeletons often have a grainy texture or have wart or spine-like tubercles. Some species are extraordinarily spiny, having spiny thoracic segments that are as long or longer than the entire body, from cephalon (head) to pygidium (tail). The sections of the pygidia are leaf-like in shape and also typically end in spines.

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Akantharges

The order is divided into two families, Lichidae, and Lichakephalidae.[1] Some experts group the families of the closely related order Odontopleurida within Lichida, too, whereupon the family is then divided into three superfamilies, Dameselloidea, containing the family Damesellidae, Lichoidea, containing the families Lichidae and Lichakephalidae, and Odontopleuroidea, containing the family Odontopleuridae.

Lichids are some of the largest trilobites, with the second and third largest trilobites (Uralichas hispanicus, and Teratapsis grandis) being in the order.[3]

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Taxa traditionally placed within Lichida

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Parvilichas marochii

As mentioned earlier, the order Lichida is divided into two families.

Lichidae

  • Acanthopyge
  • Akantharges
  • Allolichas
  • Amphilichas
  • Apatolichas
  • Arctinurus
  • Autoloxolichas
  • Borealarges
  • Ceratarges
  • Conolichas
  • Craspedarges
  • Dicranogmus
  • Dicranopeltis
  • Echinolichas
  • Eifliarges
  • Gaspelichas
  • Hemiarges
  • Homolichas
  • Hoplolichas
  • Hoplolichoides
  • Jasperia
  • Leiolichas
  • Lichas
  • Lobopyge
  • Lyralichas
  • Mephiarges
  • Metaleiolichas
  • Metalichas
  • Metopolichas
  • Neolichas
  • Nipponarges
  • Ohleum
  • Oinochoe
  • Otarozoum
  • Paraleiolichas
  • Perunaspis
  • Platylichas
  • Probolichas
  • Pseudotupolichas
  • Radiolichas
  • Richterarges
  • Rontrippia
  • Terataspis
  • Terranovia
  • Trimerolichas
  • Trochurus
  • Uralichas
  • Uripes

Lichakephalidae

  • Acidaspidella
  • Acidaspides
  • Acidaspidina
  • Archikainella
  • Belovia
  • Bestjubella
  • Brutonia
  • Colossaspis
  • Eoacidaspis
  • Lichakephalus
  • Lichokephalina
  • Metaacidaspis
  • Paraacidaspis
  • Usoviana

Cladogram

Pollit et. al. (2005) described the internal relationships below family level for Lichida.[4]

Lichidae
Lichinae
Echinolichini

Echinolichas

Terataspis

Conolichas

Otarozoum

Tetralichini

Apatolichas

Lyralichas

Amphilichas

Pseudotupolichas

Platylichini

Platylichas

Autoloxolichas

Allolichas

Arctinurus

Lichini
Dicranopeltini

Dicranopeltis

Uralichas

Dicranogmus

Oinochoe

Metopolichas

Trochurinae

Acanthopyge

Trochurus

Ceratarges

Radiolichas

Borealarges

Richterarges

Hemiarges

Akantharges

Uripes

Hoplolichas

Hoplolichoides

Lichakephalidae

Lichakephalus

Lichkephalina

Eoacidaspis

Acidaspidina

Acidaspidella

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References

Further reading

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