Lilium martagon

Lilium martagon, the martagon lily^[2] or Turk's cap lily, is a Eurasian species of lily. It has a widespread native region extending from Portugal east through Europe and Asia as far east as Mongolia.^{[1][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]}

Lilium martagon
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Monocots
Order:	Liliales
Family:	Liliaceae
Subfamily:	Lilioideae
Tribe:	Lilieae
Genus:	Lilium
Species:	L. martagon
Binomial name
Lilium martagon L.
Synonyms[1]
Synonymy Lilium versicolor Salisb. Lilium hirsutum Mill. Lilium milleri Schult. Martagon montanum Fourr. Lilium caucasicum (Miscz.) Grossh. Lilium cattaniae (Vis.) Vis. Lilium martagonum St.-Lag. Lilium dalmaticum Vis. Lilium catanii Baker Lilium glabrum Spreng. Martagon sylvaticum Opiz Lilium villosum Cavara Lilium alpinum Kit. Lilium pilosiusculum (Freyn) Miscz. (syn of L.m. var. pilosiusculum)

Description

It is stem-rooting, growing between 1 metre (3 ft 3 in) and 2 metres (6 ft 7 in) tall. The flower colour is typically a pink-purple, with dark spots, but is quite variable, extending from near white to near black. The flowers are scented. Numerous flowers are borne on each plant, and up to 50 can be found on vigorous plants. The green stems can be flushed with purple or red and the leaves are elliptic to inverse lanceolate, mostly in whorls, up to 16 centimetres (6.3 in) long and often lightly hairy underneath.^[10][11]

Varieties

Numerous names have been proposed at the levels of subspecies and varieties. Only two are recognized by the World Checklist.^[1]

• Lilium martagon var. martagon – from Portugal to Mongolia
• Lilium martagon var. pilosiusculum Freyn – Russia, Kazakhstan, Xinjiang, Mongolia

Cultivation

Horticulturally it is in Division IX (true species).

This plant^[12] has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.^[13]

Lilium martagon was used in hybridising with L. hansonii at the end of the 19th century by Mrs RO Backhouse of Hereford, England.^[14]

Name

The name Turk's cap lily, also applied to a number of other species, comes from the characteristic reflexed shape of the petals.^[15] The specific epithet martagon is of uncertain origin.^[16] It has been suggested by one scholar (J.W. Redhouse (1892), that the word is of Ottoman Turkish origin, as mārtağān - a special kind of turban adopted by Sultan Muhammed.^[17] However, the word is not found in modern Turkish.

Toxicity

Cats

Lilium martagon, like many in the genus, is highly toxic to cats and ingestion often leads to fatal kidney failure;^[18][19][20] households and gardens which are visited by cats are strongly advised against keeping this plant or placing dried flowers where a cat may brush against them and become dusted with pollen which they then consume while cleaning. Suspected cases require urgent veterinary attention.^[21] Rapid treatment with activated charcoal and/or induced vomiting can reduce the amount of toxin absorbed (this is time-sensitive so in some cases vets may advise doing it at home), and large amounts of fluid by IV can reduce damage to kidneys to increase the chances of survival.^[21]