List of American conservatives

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

American conservatism is a broad system of political beliefs in the United States characterized by respect for American traditions, republicanism, support for Judeo-Christian values,^[1] moral absolutism,^[2] free markets and free trade,^[3][4] anti-communism,^[4][5] individualism,^[4] advocacy of American exceptionalism,^[6] and a defense of Western culture from the threats, whether real or perceived, posed by anarchism, communism, socialism, liberalism, authoritarianism, and moral relativism.^[7] The recent movement is based in the Republican Party, though some Democrats were also important figures early in the movement's history.^[8][9]

The following list is made up of prominent American conservatives from the public and private sectors. The list also includes political parties, organizations and media outlets which have made a notable impact on conservatism in the United States. Entries on the list must have achieved notability after 1932, the beginning of the Fifth Party System. Before 1932, terminology was different. Positions that are called conservative after 1932, were typically called "liberal" (i.e. classical liberal) before then. Likewise European liberals, such as Friedrich Hayek, were called conservatives when they came to America, which puzzled Hayek.^[10]

People

Intellectuals, writers, and activists

William F. Buckley Jr., conservative writer

Bill Kristol, conservative writer

Phyllis Schlafly speaking at CPAC 2011

Name	Lifetime	Notability	Ref.
Agnes Repplier	1855-1950	essayist, literary critic, and author	[11]
George Santayana	1863–1952	philosopher and author	[12]
Garet Garrett	1878–1954	financial journalist	[13]
Frank Knight	1885–1972	economist	[14][15]
Pitirim Sorokin	1889-1968	sociologist	[16]
Walter Lippmann	1889–1974	reporter and public intellectual	[17]
Ernst Kantorowicz	1895–1963	historian	[18]
George Schuyler	1895–1977	writer, journalist, and social critic	[19]
Clarence Manion	1896–1979	direct-mailer	[20]
Leo Strauss	1899–1973	political philosopher	[21]
Whittaker Chambers	1901–1961	author of Witness	[22][23]
Will Herberg	1901–1977	sociologist	[24]
Francis Wilson (political scientist)	1901–1976	political scientist
Ross J. S. Hoffman	1902–1979	historian, writer, and educator	[25]
Eric Hoffer	1902–1983	philosopher	[26]
James Burnham	1905–1987	political philosopher and co-founder and editor of National Review	[27]
Willard Van Orman Quine	1908–2000	philosopher and logician	[28][29]
C. Vann Woodward	1908–1999	historian	[30]
Willmoore Kendall	1909–1967	political philosopher	[31]
Frank Meyer	1909–1972	editor of the Books, Arts and Manners section of National Review	[32]
Erik von Kuehnelt-Leddihn	1909–1999	journalist and political philosopher	[33]
Peter Drucker	1909–2005	sociologist, management consultant, and author	[34]
Richard M. Weaver	1910–1963	author of Ideas Have Consequences	[35][36]
George J. Stigler	1911–1991	economist	[37]
Henry B. Veatch	1911-1999	philosopher	[38]
Robert Nisbet	1913–1996	sociologist	[39]
Daniel J. Boorstin	1914–2004	historian	[40]
Edward C. Banfield	1916-1999	political scientist	[41]
Russell Kirk	1918–1994	author of The Conservative Mind	[35][42]
Peter J. Stanlis	1919-2011	literacy scholar and councilman	[43]
Thomas Molnar	1921–2010	political philosopher and historian	[44]
Gaetano L. Vincitorio	1921 2007	historian
Robert Goldwin	1922-2010	political scientist	[45]
William A. Rusher	1923–2011	publisher of National Review	[46]
James E. Bunce	1924-2015	historian
Stanley Jaki	1924–2009	philosopher of science and historian	[47]
Phyllis Schlafly	1924–2016	activist	[48]
John Lukacs	1924–2019	historian	[49]
William F. Buckley Jr.	1925–2008	author, television host, and founder of National Review	[50][51]
L. Brent Bozell Jr.	1926–1997	speechwriter for Senator Joseph McCarthy	[51]
Tim LaHaye	1926–2016	author and political activist	[52]
Forrest McDonald	1927–2016	historian	[53]
Beverly LaHaye	1929–2024	activist and founder of Concerned Women for America	[54][55][56][57]
Irving Kristol	1920–2009	Neoconservative author and writer
Eva Brann	1929-2024	classicist and archaeologist	[58]
Paul M. Bator	1929–1989	legal scholar and former government official
Eugene Genovese	1930–2012	historian	[59]
Thomas Sowell	1930–	author, columnist, professor, and economist at the Hoover Institution	[60]
Seth Benardete	1930-2001	classicist and philosopher
James Q. Wilson	1931–2012	social scientist	[61]
Christopher Lasch	1932–1994	historian and social critic	[62]
Harvey Mansfield	1932–	political philosopher	[63]
Richard Viguerie	1933–	media pioneer	[64][65]
Mel Bradford	1934–1993	literary critic and legal scholar	[66]
Richard E. Morgan	1934–2014	political scientist and constitutional theorist
Charles A. Fried	1935–2024	legel scholar and former jurist
Richard John Neuhaus	1936–2009	founder of First Things	[67]
James Kurth	1938–	political scientist	[68]
John Kekes	1936–	philosopher	[69]
Daniel N. Robinson	1937-2018	philosopher and psychologist	[70]
Walter E. Williams	1938–2020	author, columnist, and economics professor	[71][72][73]
Arthur Laffer	1940–	economist	[74]
Hadley Arkes	1940–	political scientist
Virgil Nemoianu	1940–2025	literary critic, essayist, and philosopher
George Will	1941–	columnist for the Washington Post	[75][76]
Edwin Feulner	1941–2025	founder of The Heritage Foundation	[77]
Paul Gottfried	1941–	political philosopher and historian	[78]
Paul Weyrich	1942–2008	president of The Heritage Foundation	[79]
Angelo Codevilla	1943-2021	international relations theorist and philosopher	[80]
Claes G. Ryn	1943–	political philosopher	[81]
Scott Soames	1945–	philosopher	[82]
George H. Nash	1945–	historian	[83]
Joseph Sobran	1946–2010	writer for National Review	[84]
Donald T. Critchlow	1948-	historian
Vigen Guroian	1948-	theologian
Charles Krauthammer	1950–2018	public intellectual	[85]
Peggy Noonan	1950–	columnist for The Wall Street Journal	[60]
Larry Schweikart	1951–	historian	[86]
Wilfred M. McClay	1951–	historian
Peter Augustine Lawler	1952-2017	political scientist and philosopher
Bill Kristol	1952–	former editor of The Weekly Standard	[87]
Carol Swain	1954–	Former political science professor at Vanderbilt University
Terry Teachout	1956–2022	drama critic, biographer, and playwright	[88]
Grover Norquist	1956–	president of Americans for Tax Reform	[87]
Robert P. George	1969–	legal scholar and political philosopher	[89]
James Hankins	1955–	historian
Patrick Allitt	1956–	historian
John J. DiIulio Jr.	1958–	political scientist
Mark Bauerlein	1959–	literary critic and senior editor of First Things	[90]
R. R. Reno	1959–	theologian, political philosopher, and the editor of First Things
Dinesh D'Souza	1961–	author and filmmaker	[91][92]
Jonathan Turley	1961–	legal scholar and writer
Kevin R. C. Gutzman	1963–	historian and constitutional scholar
Patrick Deneen	1964–	political theorist	[93]
Yoram Hazony	1964–	political theorist and philosopher	[94]
John Yoo	1967–	legal scholar and former government official	[95]
Keith E. Whittington	1968–	political scientist and legal scholar
Christopher Tollefsen	1968–	philsopher
Edward Feser	1968–	political philosopher
Adrian Vermeule	1968–	legal scholar	[96]
W. Bradford Wilcox	1970–	sociologist	[97]
Leigh-Allyn Baker	1972–	actress and pro-life activist	[98]
Yuval Levin	1977 –	political scientist and journalist
Ross Douthat	1979–	columnist for the New York Times	[99]
Stephen E. Sachs	1980–	legal scholar
William Baude	1982–	legal scholar	[100]
Gladden Pappin	1982–	political theorist	[101]
Charlie Kirk	1993–	Founder and President of Turning Point USA, author and political commentator	[102]

Politicians, office holders, and jurists

Donald Trump speaking at the Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC)

Mike Pence speaks at a campaign rally in Phoenix, Arizona, August 2016.

Sarah Palin speaking at the CPAC

Vice President Dick Cheney (right) with Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld (left) and President George W. Bush (center)

Senator Barry Goldwater (right) meeting with President Ronald Reagan (left) in the oval office in 1984

Congresswoman Liz Cheney in 2016

Name	Lifetime	Notability	Ref.
Senator Arthur H. Vandenberg	1884–1951	Known for his opposition to the New Deal	[103]
Senator Robert A. Taft	1889–1953	First chairman of the Senate Republican Policy Committee	[104]
Senator John W. Bricker	1893–1986	Thomas E. Dewey's running mate in the 1944 presidential election	[105]
Senator Everett Dirksen	1896–1969	Republican senator who helped get the Civil Rights Act passed	[106]
Ambassador Clare Boothe Luce	1903–1987	Politician, writer, and ambassador	[107]
Senator Joseph McCarthy	1908–1957	Known for his principal role in the Red Scare of the 1950s	[108][109]
Senator Barry Goldwater	1909–1998	1964 Republican presidential nominee	[35]
President Ronald Reagan	1911–2004	40th President of the United States	[110][111]
Secretary of State Henry Kissinger	1923–2023	Secretary of State during the Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford administrations	[112]
Chief Justice William Rehnquist	1924–2005	Chief Justice of the Supreme Court	[113]
Congressman James Edmund Jeffries	1925 - 1997	Member, United States House of Representatives from Kansas (1979 - 1983)
UN Ambassador Jeane Kirkpatrick	1926–2006	Ambassador to the United Nations under Ronald Reagan	[114]
Attorney General Edwin Meese	1931–	Attorney General during the Reagan Administration	[115]
Congressman Jack Kemp	1935–2009	1996 Republican vice presidential nominee known for his support of supply-side economics and urban renewal	[116]
Congressman Larry McDonald	1935–1983	Served as president of the John Birch Society	[117]
Congressman Ron Paul	1935–	Presidential candidate (1988 Libertarian Party nominee, 2008 Republican candidate, 2012 Republican candidate) who promoted a libertarian agenda within the Republican Party	[87]
Justice Antonin Scalia	1936–2016	Supreme Court justice known as a leading exponent of originalism and textualism	[118]
White House Communications Director Pat Buchanan	1938–	White House communications director under President Ronald Reagan, paleoconservative advisor to multiple presidents; prominent commentator and co-founder of The American Conservative; Republican presidential candidate in 1992 and 1996; Reform Party nominee for president in 2000	[119][120][121]
House Majority Leader Dick Armey	1940–	One of the chief authors of the Contract with America	[122]
Vice President Dick Cheney	1941–	Known for his hawkish views on national security	[123]
Senator Mitch McConnell	1942–	Senate Minority Leader	[124]
Speaker of the House Newt Gingrich	1943–	Chief author of the Contract with America, 2012 presidential candidate known for his criticism of the Clinton, G. W. Bush, and Obama administrations	[123]
President Donald Trump	1946–	45th and 47th President of the United States	[125][126][127][128][129][130][131]
President George W. Bush	1946–	43rd President of the United States	[132][123]
Senator Mitt Romney	1947–	Senator from Utah since 2019, 2012 Republican presidential nominee, 2008 Republican presidential candidate, Governor of Massachusetts (2003–2007),	[123]
UN Ambassador John R. Bolton	1948–	National Security Advisor, U.N. ambassador, and foreign policy hawk	[133]
Justice Clarence Thomas	1948–	Supreme Court Justice, most prominent African-American conservative jurist in American history	[87]
Deputy Chief of Staff Karl Rove	1950–	Political strategist to George W. Bush	[134]
Senator Jim DeMint	1951–	Tea Party-affiliated U.S. Senator, president of the Heritage Foundation	[135]
Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice	1954–	Secretary of State during the George W. Bush administration	[136]
Congresswoman Michele Bachmann	1956–	Sought the 2012 Republican nomination for president	[137]
Vice President Mike Pence	1959–	Vice President under Donald Trump, governor of Indiana, member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Indiana	[138][123]
Senator Rand Paul	1963–	U.S. Senator from Kentucky, libertarian-leaning conservative, 2016 GOP presidential candidate and son of Ron Paul	[139]
Governor Sarah Palin	1964–	Governor of Alaska, 2008 Republican vice presidential nominee|
Senator Tim Scott	1965–	Senator from South Carolina, only African-American Republican senator	[140]
Attorney General Kris Kobach	1966–	Secretary of State and Attorney General of Kansas	[141][142][143]
Senator Ted Cruz	1970–	Tea Party-affiliated U.S. senator who finished second in the 2016 Republican presidential primaries	[144][145]
Speaker of the House Paul Ryan	1970–	Speaker of the House, 2012 Republican vice-presidential nominee	[146][123]
Secretary of State Marco Rubio	1971–	Former U.S. Senator from Florida, 2016 GOP presidential candidate	[147][60][145]
Vice President JD Vance	1984-	Former U.S. Senator from Ohio, The first Millennial was sworn in as vice president	[148]
Representative Bill Hardwick	1985-	Missouri State Legislator

Business and religious leaders involved in conservative politics

Billy Graham, evangelical minister

Name	Lifetime	Notability	Ref.
Roger Milliken	1915–2010	businessman	[149]
Joseph Coors	1917–2003	businessman	[150]
Billy Graham	1918–2018	evangelist known for his support of capitalism	[151]
Sun Myung Moon	1920–2012	founder of the Unification Church	[152]
Richard DeVos	1926–2018	co-founder of Amway	[153]
Rupert Murdoch	1931–	CEO of News Corp and 21st Century Fox	[154]
Richard Mellon Scaife	1932–2014	billionaire donor to conservative organizations	[155]
Sheldon Adelson	1933–2021	billionaire donor to conservative political candidates	[156]
Jerry Falwell	1933–2007	televangelist	[157][158]
Charles G. Koch	1935–	billionaire industrialist and donor to conservative organizations and candidates	[153][159]
Foster Friess	1940–2021	billionaire donor to conservative organizations	[160]
David H. Koch	1940–2019	billionaire industrialist and donor to conservative organizations and candidates	[153][159]
Richard Land	1946–	former lobbyist for the Southern Baptist Convention	[161]
Robert Mercer	1946–	donor to conservative organizations such as Breitbart News	[162]
Franklin Graham	1952–	evangelist and political activist	[163]
Tony Perkins	1963–	chairman of the Family Research Council	[60]
Peter Thiel	1967–	venture capitalist and political activist	[164]
Elon Musk	1971–	Founder, CEO, and chief engineer of SpaceX, CEO and product architect of Tesla Inc, Co-Founder of Neuralink, Founder of the Boring Company, and Chairman of X Corp
Russell Moore	1971–	president of the Ethics & Religious Liberty Commission of the Southern Baptist Convention	[165]

Media personalities: publishers, editors, radio hosts, columnists and bloggers

Michael Medved, conservative radio show host

Name	Lifetime	Notability	Ref.
Raymond Moley	1886–1975	columnist	[166]
David Lawrence	1888–1973	author of Beyond the New Deal	[167]
Clarence Manion	1896–1979	talk radio host	[168]
Henry Luce	1898–1967	founder of Time	[169]
Fulton Lewis	1903–1966	radio host	[170]
Henry Regnery	1912–1996	activist	[171]
Paul Harvey	1918–2009	radio commentator	[172]
Bob Grant	1929–2013	talk show host	[173]
William Safire	1929–2009	commentator for The New York Times	[76][174]
Roger Ailes	1940–2017	president of Fox News	[123]
Michael Savage	1942–	talk radio host	[87]
Herman Cain	1945–2020	radio host, syndicated columnist, and candidate in the 2012 Republican presidential primaries	[175]
Lou Dobbs	1945–2024	television newscaster	[176]
Michael Medved	1948–	talk radio host	[177]
Dennis Prager	1948–	talk radio host	[178][179]
Bill O'Reilly	1949–	television and radio host	[180][60]
Rush Limbaugh	1951–2021	talk radio host	[123]
Larry Elder	1952–	filmmaker	[181]
Charlie Sykes	1954–	talk-show host	[182]
Hugh Hewitt	1956–	talk radio host	[178][183]
Sean Hannity	1961–	host of Hannity and The Sean Hannity Show	[184]
Ann Coulter	1961–	political commentator	[185][186]
Laura Ingraham	1963–	Fox News and talk radio commentator	[75][187]
Adam Carolla	1964–	co-host of Loveline and host of The Adam Carolla Show	[188]
Matt Drudge	1966–	creator, and editor of the Drudge Report	[189][190]
Andrew Breitbart	1969–2012	blogger, author, journalist, and creator of Breitbart News	[35][191]
Tucker Carlson	1969–	talk show host	[124][192]
Michelle Malkin	1970–	newspaper columnist, author, and blogger	[193]
Ben Shapiro	1984–	commentator and media host	[194]
Christopher F. Rufo	1984-	journalist, activist, and commentator
Matt Walsh	1986-	political commentator and author
Blaire White	1993-	political commentator and YouTuber	[195]
Brett Cooper	2001-	political commentator and actress	[196]

Painters, printmakers and sculptors

Conservative in politics and social matters, Hopper asserted for example that artists' lives should be written by people very close to them. However, he accepted things as they were and displayed a lack of idealism.

Name	Lifetime	Notability	Ref.
Edward Hopper	1882–1967	Renowned American Realist painter and printmaker known for his oil-on-canvas paintings including Nighthawks	[197]
Wheeler Williams	1887–1972	American sculptor
Minerva Teichert	1888–1976	20th-century artist who painted Western and Mormon subjects
Sam Hyde Harris	1889-1977	American painter associated with the California Impressionism movement	[198]
Henriette Wyeth	1907–1997	American artist noted for her portraits and still life paintings	[199]
Andrew Wyeth	1917–2009	American regionalist painter and one of the best-known U.S. artists of the middle 20th century	[200]
Patricia Hill Burnett	1920–2014	Portrait artist and women's rights activist	[201]
Brigid Berlin	1939–2020	American artist and Warhol superstar	[202]

Composers, musicians and record producers

Punk rock pioneer Johnny Ramone was into conservative politics as early as age 11. This was evident when he rooted for Richard Nixon in the 1960 United States presidential election^[203]

Name	Lifetime	Notability	Ref.
Charles Ives	1874-1954	Influential modernist composer	[204]
Emma Lucy Gates Bowen	1882-1951	American operatic soprano singer	[205]
William Grant Still	1895-1978	American composer of nearly two hundred works, including five symphonies, four ballets, nine operas, over thirty choral works, art songs, chamber music, and solo works	[206]
Duke Ellington	1899-1974	American jazz pianist and composer	[207]
Hoagy Carmichael	1899-1981	One of the most successful Tin Pan Alley songwriters of the 1930s	[208]
Lionel Hampton	1908-2002	Jazz musician and bandleader	[209]
Sun Ra	1914-1993	Avant-garde jazz composer and bandleader	[210]
Frank Sinatra	1915-1998	One of the most popular entertainers of the mid-20th century	[211][212]
Milton Babbitt	1916-2011	Pioneering composer of electronic music and music theorist	[213]
Dean Martin	1917-1995	One of the most popular entertainers of the mid-20th century	[212]
Liberace	1919-1987	Pianist, singer and performer known for his flamboyant stage persona	[214]
Hank Williams	1923-1953	Influential singer-songwriter of country music	[215]
Marty Robbins	1925-1982	Early outlaw country pioneer	[216]
Andy Williams	1927-2012	Traditional pop singer	[217]
Tom Wilson	1931-1978	American record producer	[218]
Tiny Tim	1932-1996	Outsider artist and musical archivist	[219]
Loretta Lynn	1932-2022	Country music singer and songwriter	[220]
James Brown	1933-2006	Central progenitor of funk music often referred as the Godfather of Soul	[221][222]
Frankie Valli	1934 -	Known as the frontman of The Four Seasons	[223]
Pat Boone	1934 -	American pop singer	[224]
Elvis Presley	1935-1977	American singer and cultural figure known as the King of Rock and Roll	[225]
Sonny Bono	1935-1998	One half of the pop duo Sonny & Cher	[226]
Jerry Lee Lewis	1935-2022	Piano-based singer-songwriter and pioneer of rock and roll and rockabilly music	[227]
Charlie Daniels	1936-2020	Southern rock pioneer and country rock musician	[228]
Jerry Reed	1937-2008	Country music composer and an early influence on the swamp rock genre[229]	[230]
Dick Dale	1937-2019	Influential guitarist and surf music pioneer	[231]
Charles Wuorinen	1938-2020	Academic teacher and composer of contemporary classical music	[232]
Kenny Rogers	1938-2020	Country music singer and songwriter	[233]
Phil Everly	1939-2014	One half of the country rock duo The Everly Brothers	[234]
Ray Stevens	1939 -	Novelty country pop singer-songwriter	[235]
Dion DiMucci	1939 -	Prominent rock and roll musician	[236]
Frank Zappa	1940-1993	Composer, musician, founding member of the avant-garde band The Mothers Of Invention	[237]
Bruce Johnston	1942 -	Member of The Beach Boys	[238]
Roger McGuinn	1942 -	Leader and only consistent member of the folk and psychedelic rock band The Byrds	[239]
Lee Greenwood	1942 -	American patriotic music singer	[240]
Tommy Hall	1943 -	Electric jug player and founding member of the psychedelic rock band 13th Floor Elevators
Richie Furay	1944 -	Vocalist, guitarist and writer of folk rock band Buffalo Springfield	[241]
Moe Tucker	1944 -	Drummer and singer-songwriter for the experimental rock band The Velvet Underground	[242][243]
Iggy Pop	1947 -	Vocalist and lyricist of proto-punk propagators The Stooges and often called the Godfather of Punk	[244][243]
Rick Derringer	1947 -	Hard rock musician, producer, and songwriter	[245]
Meat Loaf	1947-2022	Rock opera singer	[246][247]
Alice Cooper	1948-	Shock rock singer	[248][249]
Billy Zoom	1948 -	Guitarist for the punk rock band X	[250]
Mark Farner	1948 -	Original singer and guitarist of the hard rock band Grand Funk Railroad	[251]
Johnny Ramone	1948-2004	Founding member and guitarist of the influential punk rock band Ramones	[225][252]
Ted Nugent	1948 -	American guitarist and rock musician	[225]
Hank Williams Jr.	1949 -	Country rock musician	[248]
Eric Carmen	1949-2024	Lead vocalist of the power pop band Raspberries	[253]
Gene Simmons	1949 -	Bassist and founding member of hard rock band Kiss	[254][248]
Rickey Medlocke	1950 -	Frontman/guitarist for the southern rock band Blackfoot and member of Lynyrd Skynyrd	[255]
Jonathan Cain	1950 -	Keyboardist and rhythm guitarist for Journey	[256]
Lee Ving	1950 -	Frontman of the LA-based hardcore punk band Fear	[257]
Joey Kramer	1950 -	Drummer of Aerosmith	[258]
Joe Perry	1950 -	Founding member and lead guitarist of Aerosmith	[259]
Ace Frehley	1951 -	Lead guitarist and founding member of hard rock band Kiss	[260]
Joe Lynn Turner	1951 -	Known for his work in hard rock bands Rainbow and Deep Purple	[261]
Dee Dee Ramone	1951-2002	Founding member and bassist of the influential punk rock band Ramones	[262]
Billy Sheehan	1953 -	Bassist in glam metal band Mr. Big and hard rock supergroup The Winery Dogs
Don Dokken	1953 -	Lead singer and founder of glam metal band Dokken	[263]
Ross the Boss	1954 -	Founding member of proto-punk band The Dictators and heavy metal band Manowar	[264]
Martin O'Donnell	1955 -	Video game composer	[265]
Glenn Danzig	1955 -	Founder of horror punk innovators The Misfits and frontman of heavy metal band Danzig	[266][267]
Exene Cervenka	1956 -	Singer and songwriter for the punk rock band X	[268]
Bobby Steele	1956 -	Guitarist for horror punk innovators The Misfits and frontman for The Undead	[269]
Leonard Graves Phillips	1957 -	Frontman of the comedic punk rock band The Dickies	[257][270]
Prince	1958-2016	American singer, songwriter and record producer	[271][203]
John Kezdy	1959-2023	Lead singer of the Chicago hardcore band The Effigies	[272]
Cherie Currie	1959 -	Lead vocalist of the all-female band The Runaways	[273]
Johnny Van Zant	1960 -	Current lead vocalist of southern rock band Lynyrd Skynyrd	[274]
Jack Russell	1960-2024	Lead vocalist of the glam metal band Great White	[275]
Tom Araya	1961 -	Vocalist and bassist of thrash metal band Slayer	[249]
Duane Peters	1961	Leading member of street punk band U.S. Bombs
Dave Mustaine	1961 -	Frontman and primary songwriter of Megadeth	[248][249]
Peter Steele	1962-2010	Founding member of crossover trash band Carnivore and lead singer, bassist and main composer of gothic metal band Type O Negative	[276][277]
Trace Adkins	1962 -	American country musician	[278]
John Joseph	1962 -	Lead singer and lyricist of the hardcore punk band Cro-Mags	[279][280]
James Kottak	1962-2024	Drummer in the hard rock band Scorpions	[281]
Joe Escalante	1963 -	Bassist and songwriter of the comedic punk rock band The Vandals	[282]
Michael Sweet	1963 -	Frontman of Christian metal band Stryper	[283]
Dave Smalley	1963 -	Lead singer of hardcore punk bands DYS and Dag Nasty	[284][257]
Jeff Hanneman	1964-2013	Guitarist and founding member of thrash metal band Slayer	[285][286]
Vinnie Paul	1964-2018	Drummer of groove metal bands Pantera and Damageplan	[287]
Steve Souza	1964 -	Lead vocalist for the thrash metal band Exodus	[288]
Roger Miret	1964 -	Lead singer of the hardcore punk band Agnostic Front	[289][280]
Eazy-E	1964-1995	American West Coast gangsta rapper	[290][291]
Dimebag Darrell	1966-2004	Guitarist of groove metal bands Pantera and Damageplan	[292]
Billy Corgan	1967 -	Frontman and primary songwriter of The Smashing Pumpkins	[293]
John Petrucci	1967 -	Guitarist of progressive metal band Dream Theater	[294]
Terry Butler	1967 -	Bassist for the death metal band Obituary	[295]
Sully Erna	1968 -	Vocalist and rhythm guitarist of alternative metal band Godsmack	[249][282]
Cowboy Troy	1970 -	Country rap artist	[296]
Kid Rock	1971 -	American singer and rapper	[248][297]
Sara Evans	1971 -	American country music singer and songwriter	[298]
Aaron Lewis	1972 -	Frontman of alternative metal band Staind	[299]
John Dolmayan	1972 -	Drummer of System of a Down	[300]
Jesse Hughes	1972 -	Frontman of the rock band Eagles of Death Metal	[301]
Gretchen Wilson	1973 -	American country singer and songwriter	[302]
Pete Parada	1973 -	Drummer of several punk rock and metal bands
John Rich	1974 -	American country singer	[303]
Philip Labonte	1975 -	Lead singer of metalcore band All That Remains	[304]
Ariel Pink	1978 -	Lo-fi musician and hypnagogic pop originator	[305]
Kaya Jones	1984 -	Canadian-American pop singer	[306]
Azealia Banks	1991 -	Rapper and hip hop artist	[307][308]
Lil Pump	2000 -	Soundcloud rap artist	[309][310]

Filmmakers, screenwriters, and producers

Director Cecil B. DeMille, on who actor Edward G. Robinson wrote, "No more conservative or patriarchal figure existed in Hollywood, no one more opposed to communism or any permutation or combination thereof."^[311]

Producer Hal Roach was a member of the arch-conservative American Liberty League^[312]

Director Mel Gibson

Producer Steve Mnuchin

Name	Lifetime	Notability	Ref.
Rupert Hughes	1872–1956	Director and writer of films including Gloria's Romance and Souls for Sale	[313]
Fred Niblo	1874–1948	Director, writer and producer of films including The Red Lily, Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ and The Enemy	[314]
Frank Craven	1875–1945	Writer for films including Sons of the Desert and Our Town	[315]
Lionel Barrymore	1878–1954	Director of films including Madame X (1929), The Unholy Night, and The Rogue Song
Cecil B. DeMille	1881–1959	Director of films including The Greatest Show on Earth and The Ten Commandments (1956)	[311]
Donald Crisp	1882–1974	Director of films including The Navigator and Don Q, Son of Zorro	[316]
Louis B. Mayer	1882 or 1884 or 1885–1957	Co-founder of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and producer of films including Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ and Greed (1924)	[317]
Sam Wood	1883–1949	Director of films including A Night at the Opera and Kings Row
Raoul Walsh	1887–1949	Director of films including The Big Trail, The Roaring Twenties and White Heat	[318]
Victor Fleming	1888–1949	Director of films including The Wizard of Oz and Gone with the Wind	[319]
Maxwell Anderson	1888–1959	Writer of films including All Quiet on the Western Front (1930), The Wrong Man, and Ben-Hur (1959)	[320]
W. S. Van Dyke	1889–1943	Director of films including Tarzan the Ape Man, The Thin Man and San Francisco	[321]
Carey Wilson	1889–1962	Writer of films including Ben-Hur (1925) and Mutiny on the Bounty and producer of films including The Postman Always Rings Twice and Green Dolphin Street	[322]
Cedric Gibbons	1890–1960	Art director of films including The Wizard of Oz and Gaslight and designer of the Oscar statuette	[323]
Clarence Brown	1890–1987	Director of films including Anna Karenina and The Human Comedy	[324]
George Marshall	1891–1975	Director of films including Destry Rides Again, The Blue Dahlia and How the West Was Won	[325]
Hal Roach	1892–1992	Producer, writer and director of films including the Laurel and Hardy franchise and Safety Last!	[312]
Charles Brackett	1892–1969	Writer and producer of films including The Lost Weekend and Sunset Boulevard	[326]
Harold Lloyd	1893–1971	Writer and producer of films including Safety Last!, The Kid Brother and A Girl, a Guy and a Gob	[327]
Howard J. Green	1893–1965	Writer of films including The Kid Brother and I Am a Fugitive from a Chain Gang	[328]
Merian C. Cooper	1893–1973	Director and producer of films including King Kong (1933) and This Is Cinerama
John Ford	1894–1973	Director of films including The Searchers and The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance	[329]
King Vidor	1894–1982	Director of films including Northwest Passage and Duel in the Sun	[330]
Frank Borzage	1894–1962	Director of films including 7th Heaven	[331]
Tay Garnett	1894–1943	Director of films including China Seas and The Postman Always Rings Twice	[325]
Morrie Ryskind	1895–1985	Writer of films including A Night at the Opera and My Man Godfrey	[332]
William A. Wellman	1896–1975	Director of films including Beau Geste and The Ox-Bow Incident	[333]
Howard Hawks	1896–1977	Director of films including Scarface (1932), Red River (1948), The Thing from Another World, and Rio Bravo
Walter Lang	1896–1972	Director of films including The King and I	[334]
Myles Connolly	1897–1964	Screenwriter of films including Mr. Smith Goes to Washington and State of the Union (film)	[335]
Frank Capra	1897–1991	Director of films including It's a Wonderful Life and Mr. Smith Goes to Washington	[336]
Preston Sturges	1898–1959	Director and writer of films including Sullivan's Travels and The Lady Eve	[337]
Leo McCarey	1898–1969	Director of films including Duck Soup (1933) and An Affair to Remember
Hal B. Wallis	1898–1987	Producer of films including Casablanca, The Adventures of Robin Hood and True Grit
Norman Taurog	1899–1981	Director and writer of films including Boys Town and the Elvis Presley Movie Franchise	[338]
Irving Thalberg	1899–1936	Producer of films including Grand Hotel and A Night at the Opera	[339]
Borden Chase	1900–1971	Writer of films including Red River (1948 film) and Winchester '73	[340]
Mervyn LeRoy	1900-1987	Director and producer of films including I Am a Fugitive from a Chain Gang and The Wizard of Oz	[341]
Mark Sandrich	1900–1945	Director and producer of films including Top Hat, Shall We Dance and So Proudly We Hail!	[342]
Walt Disney	1901–1966	Co-founder of The Walt Disney Company, also animator and film producer, helping to create films which included Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Fantasia, Dumbo, Bambi, and Pinocchio (1940)
David O. Selznick	1902–1965	Producer and executive producer of films including Gone with the Wind and Rebecca (1940)
John Lee Mahin	1902–1984	Writer and producer of films including Captains Courageous and Heaven Knows, Mr. Allison	[343]
Fred Niblo Jr.	1903–1973	Writer of films including The Criminal Code	[344]
Casey Robinson	1903–1979	Writer and producer of films including Captain Blood and Now, Voyager	[345]
Robert Montgomery	1904–1981	Director of films including Ride the Pink Horse, Once More, My Darling, and Your Witness
Martin Berkeley	1904-1979	Writer of films including Green Grass of Wyoming and Tarantula	[346][347]
Dick Powell	1904–1963	Director of films including Split Second and The Enemy Below
David Butler	1904–1979	Director of films including Road to Morocco and Tea for Two	[348]
George Stevens	1904–1975	Director, writer and producer of films including A Place in the Sun, Shane and Giant and The Greatest Story Ever Told	[349]
Howard Hughes	1905–1976	Producer of films including Scarface (1932) and The Outlaw	[350]
John Wayne	1907-1979	Director and producer of films including "Bullfighter and the Lady" and "The Alamo (1960)"	[351]
Joseph L. Mankiewicz	1909–1993	Director and writer of films including A Letter to Three Wives and All About Eve	[352]
Charlton Heston	1923–2008	Director and screenwriter of films including Antony and Cleopatra	[353]
Jerry Lewis	1926–2017	Director and writer of films including The Nutty Professor and The Day the Clown Cried	[354][355]
Stanley Kubrick	1928–1999	Director of films including Dr. Strangelove, 2001: A Space Odyssey, and The Shining	[356][357]
William Peter Blatty	1928–2017	Writer of films including The Exorcist, as well as the director and writer of The Ninth Configuration and The Exorcist III	[358][359]
Roger MacBride	1929–1995	Producer of Little House on the Prairie
James Lee Barrett	1929–1989	Writer and producer of films including The Greatest Story Ever Told, The Cheyenne Social Club and Smokey and the Bandit	[360]
Clint Eastwood	1930–	Director of films including High Plains Drifter, Unforgiven, Mystic River, Letters from Iwo Jima, Gran Torino, American Sniper, and Richard Jewell
Stan Brakhage	1933–2003	American experimental filmmaker and writer of films including Mothlight and Dog Star Man	[361]
Gerald R. Molen	1935–	Producer and executive producer of films including Days of Thunder, Jurassic Park, Schindler's List, Casper, and Twister	[362]
Dennis Hopper	1936–2010	Director and writer of Easy Rider and The Last Movie	[363]
Paul Morrissey	1938–2024	Director and writer of films including Women in Revolt, Flesh for Frankenstein, and Blood for Dracula	[364]
Lionel Chetwynd	1940–	Director and writer of The Hanoi Hilton	[362]
Michael Crichton	1942–2008	Writer of films including the Jurassic Park franchise	[365][366]
Jerry Bruckheimer	1943–	Producer of film series including Beverly Hills Cop, Pirates of the Caribbean, and National Treasure
Roger L. Simon	1943–	Screenwriter of films including The Big Fix and Enemies, A Love Story	[362]
John Milius	1944–	Writer of Dirty Harry and Apocalypse Now, directed films including Conan the Barbarian (1982) and Red Dawn
Ivan Reitman	1946–2022	Director of films including Ghostbusters, Ghostbusters II, Kindergarten Cop, and Dave	[367]
Sylvester Stallone	1946–	Writer of films including Rocky, Rambo, and Cobra and director of films including Rocky IV and The Expendables	[368]
James Woods	1947–	Producer of Cop and Another Day in Paradise; executive producer of Northfork and Oppenheimer
David Zucker	1947–	Director and writer of Airplane! and The Naked Gun: From the Files of Police Squad!	[363]
David Mamet	1947–	Director and writer of Heist (2001), as well as the writer of films including The Untouchables, Glengarry Glen Ross, Wag the Dog, and Hannibal (2001)	[369]
Arnold Schwarzenegger	1947–	Producer of films including Maggie and Aftermath; executive producer of Last Action Hero	[370]
John Swartzwelder	1949–	Writer and producer for The Simpsons	[371]
John Hughes	1950–2009	Director and writer of films including Sixteen Candles, Weird Science, The Breakfast Club, Ferris Bueller's Day Off, and Planes, Trains and Automobiles	[372][373]
Bob Gale	1951–	Writer and producer of films including the Back to the Future series
Whit Stillman	1952–	Director of Metropolitan, Barcelona, and The Last Days of Disco	[374]
Roseanne Barr	1952–	Executive producer of Roseanne	[375]
Robert Davi	1953–	Director of The Dukes and My Son Hunter
Gary Sinise	1955–	Director and producer of Of Mice and Men
Morgan Mason	1955–	Executive producer of Sex, Lies, and Videotape
Joel Surnow	1955–	Writer and producer of television shows including 24 and The Equalizer	[376]
Zeph E. Daniel	1955?–	Writer of films including Society, Bride of Re-Animator, Silent Night, Deadly Night 4: Initiation, and Girl Next	[377]
Mel Gibson	1956–	Director of films including Braveheart, The Passion of the Christ, and Apocalypto
Cyrus Nowrasteh	1956–	Director of films including The Stoning of Soraya M. and Infidel	[378]
Douglas Urbanski	1957–	Producer of Darkest Hour and Mank; executive producer of Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy, The Hitman's Bodyguard, and Slow Horses	[379]
Daniel Knauf	1958 or 1961–	Writer and executive producer of television shows including Carnivàle, Spartacus: Blood and Sand, and The Blacklist
Sam Raimi	1959–	Director of films including The Evil Dead and the Spider-Man trilogy
Vincent Gallo	1962–	Director and writer of Buffalo '66 and The Brown Bunny	[380]
Steven Mnuchin	1962–	Producer and executive producer of films including The Lego Movie, Edge of Tomorrow, American Sniper, Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice, The Conjuring 2, and Wonder Woman
Pat Dollard	1964–	Producer of films including Auto Focus and Julie Walking Home	[378]
Michael J. Nelson	1964–	Writer for Mystery Science Theater 3000
Doug TenNapel	1966–	Creator, director, and producer of Earthworm Jim and Catscratch	[381]
Adam Sandler	1966–	Writer of films including Billy Madison and Happy Gilmore; executive producer of films including Hotel Transylvania	[382]
Scott Cawthon	1978–	Writer of Five Nights at Freddy's	[383]
Dallas Sonnier	1980–	Producer of films including Bone Tomahawk, Brawl in Cell Block 99, Dragged Across Concrete, and What Is a Woman?

Novelists, poets, and short story writers

Jack Kerouac was a lifelong Republican, being quoted as saying: "My father and my mother and my sister and I have always voted Republican, always."^[384]

Poet E. E. Cummings was a devout Republican who supported Calvin Coolidge and later on Senator Joseph McCarthy^[385]

Crime fiction writer James Ellroy's works frequently touch on topics such as political corruption

Name	Lifetime	Notability	Ref.
Ambrose Bierce	1842 – 1914	Author of An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge, Tales of Soldiers and Civilians, The Moonlit Road, and The Devil's Dictionary	[386]
Edith Wharton	1862 – 1937	Pulitzer Prize author of The Age of Innocence, The House of Mirth, and Ethan Frome	[387]
Laura Ingalls Wilder	1867 – 1957	Author of Little House on the Prairie	[388]
Grace Miller White	1868 – 1957	Author of Judy of Rogue's Harbor and Tess of the Storm Country	[389]
Booth Tarkington	1869 – 1946	Pulitzer Prize author of The Magnificent Ambersons and Alice Adams	[390]
Albert Jay Nock	1870 – 1945	Author of Our Enemy, the State	[391]
Willa Cather	1873 – 1947	Author of O Pioneers! and My Ántonia	[392]
Gertrude Stein	1874 – 1946	Author of The Autobiography of Alice B. Toklas	[393]
Robert Frost	1874 – 1963	Author of A Boy's Will and North of Boston	[394]
Edgar Rice Burroughs	1875 – 1950	Creator of Tarzan and John Carter	[395]
Wallace Stevens	1879 – 1955	Pulitzer Prize author of Harmonium and poems including "The Idea of Order at Key West" and "Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird"	[396]
Kathleen Norris	1880 – 1966	Author of My Best Girl and Passion Flower	[397]
Clarence Budington Kelland	1881 – 1964	Author of Speak Easily and Scattergood Baines
John Gould Fletcher	1886 – 1950	Pulitzer Prize poet of Irradiations: Sand and Spray
Robinson Jeffers	1887 – 1962	Author of "Shine, Perishing Republic" and The Double Axe and Other Poems	[398]
Marianne Moore	1887 – 1972	Author of O to Be a Dragon	[399]
John Crowe Ransom	1888 – 1974	Author of The New Criticism and editor of The Kenyon Review	[400]
Katherine Anne Porter	1890 – 1980	Pulitzer Prize author of Ship of Fools and The Collected Stories of Katherine Anne Porter
Claude McKay	1890 – 1948	Author of Songs of Jamaica and Harlem Shadows	[401]
H. P. Lovecraft	1890 – 1937	Author of "The Call of Cthulhu", At the Mountains of Madness, and The Shadow over Innsmouth	[402]
Zora Neale Hurston	1891 – 1960	Author of Their Eyes Were Watching God	[403][404]
Donald Davidson	1893 – 1968	Author of I'll Take My Stand and Singin' Billy
E. E. Cummings	1894 – 1962	Author of Tulips and Chimneys and 1 × 1	[405]
Robert Hillyer	1895 – 1961	Pulitzer Prize author of The Collected Verse of Robert Hillyer	[406]
Caroline Gordon	1895 – 1981	Author of None Shall Look Back and The Strange Children	[407]
Louis Bromfield	1896 – 1956	Pulitzer Prize author of Early Autumn
John Dos Passos	1896 – 1970	Author of the U.S.A. trilogy	[408][409]
William Faulkner	1897 – 1962	Nobel Laureate author of The Sound and the Fury, As I Lay Dying, and Absalom, Absalom!
E. Hoffmann Price	1898 – 1988	Author of The Devil Wives of Li Fong	[410]
Vladimir Nabokov	1899 – 1977	Author of Lolita and Pale Fire	[411]
Allen Tate	1899 – 1979	Poet Laureate and author of "Ode to the Confederate Dead"
Margaret Mitchell	1900– 1949	Pulitzer Prize author of Gone with the Wind
Taylor Caldwell	1900 – 1985	Author of Dynasty of Death and Captains and the Kings	[412]
Andrew Nelson Lytle	1902 – 1995	Author of The Velvet Horn	[413]
James Gould Cozzens	1903 – 1978	Pulitzer Prize author of Guard of Honor and By Love Possessed	[414]
Isaac Bashevis Singer	1904 – 1991	Nobel Laureate author of Satan in Goray, The Magician of Lublin, and Shadows on the Hudson	[415]
H. Beam Piper	1904 – 1964	Author of Space Viking	[416]
Joseph Campbell	1904 – 1987	Author of The Hero with a Thousand Faces	[417]
John O'Hara	1905 – 1970	Author of Appointment in Samarra and BUtterfield 8	[418]
Robert E. Howard	1906 – 1936	Creator of Conan the Barbarian and Solomon Kane	[419]
John Dickson Carr	1906 – 1977	Author of The Hollow Man and The Burning Court
Robert A. Heinlein	1907 – 1988	Author of Starship Troopers, Stranger in a Strange Land, and The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress	[420][421]
Louis L’Amour	1908 – 1988	Author of Shalako and The Walking Drum and Last of the Breed	[422]
Wallace Stegner	1909 – 1993	Pulitzer Prize author of Angle of Repose and The Spectator Bird	[423]
John W. Campbell	1910 – 1971	Editor of Analog Science Fiction and Fact and author of Who Goes There?	[424]
Robert Lewis Taylor	1912 – 1998	Pulitzer Prize author of The Travels of Jaimie McPheeters	[425]
Cordwainer Smith	1913 – 1966	Author of Norstrilia and The Rediscovery of Man	[426]
William S. Burroughs	1914 – 1997	Author of Junkie and Naked Lunch	[427]
R. A. Lafferty	1914 – 2002	Author of Paster Master and Fourth Mansions	[428]
Saul Bellow	1915 – 2005	Nobel Laureate author of Seize the Day, Henderson the Rain King, Herzog, Mr. Sammler's Planet, Humboldt's Gift, and Ravelstein	[429][430][431]
Herman Wouk	1915 – 2019	Pulitzer Prize author of The Caine Mutiny and The Winds of War	[432]
Jack Vance	1916 – 2013	Author of Dying Earth and Emphyrio	[433]
Walker Percy	1916 – 1990	Author of The Moviegoer and The Last Gentleman	[434]
Louis Auchincloss	1917 – 2010	Author of The Cat and the King and Her Infinite Variety	[435]
Edwin O'Connor	1918 – 1968	Pulitzer Prize author of The Last Hurrah and The Edge of Sadness	[436]
Allen Drury	1918 – 1998	Pulitzer Prize author of Advise and Consent	[437]
Mickey Spillane	1918 – 2006	Author of I, the Jury	[438]
Ray Bradbury	1920 – 2012	Author of Fahrenheit 451, The Martian Chronicles, and The Illustrated Man	[439]
Frank Herbert	1920 – 1986	Creator of the Dune universe	[440][441]
James Clavell	1921 – 1994	Author of King Rat and Shōgun
Jack Kerouac	1922 – 1969	Author of On the Road and The Dharma Bums	[442][443][444][445]
Anthony Hecht	1923 – 2004	Pulitzer Prize poet of A Summoning of Stones and The Hard Hours	[446]
Norman Mailer	1923 – 2007	Author of The Naked and the Dead and The Executioner's Song	[447][448]
Richard Hooker	1924 – 1997	Author of MASH: A Novel About Three Army Doctors	[449]
Poul Anderson	1926 – 2001	Author of The Broken Sword and There Will Be Time	[450]
Guy Davenport	1927 – 2005	Author of Da Vinci's Bicycle and The Logia of Yeshua	[451]
Philip K. Dick	1928 – 1982	Author of The Man in the High Castle, Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?, and Ubik	[452][453][454]
Ira Levin	1929 – 2007	Author of Deathtrap, Rosemary's Baby, and The Boys from Brazil
Tom Wolfe	1930 – 2018	Author of The Bonfire of the Vanities and I Am Charlotte Simmons
Charles McCarry	1930 – 2019	Author of The Miernik Dossier and The Tears of Autumn	[455]
Gene Wolfe	1931 – 2019	Author of The Book of the New Sun	[456]
Clive Cussler	1931 – 2020	Author of the Dirk Pitt series	[457]
John Gardner	1933 – 1982	Author of Grendel and The Sunlight Dialogues	[458]
Jerry Pournelle	1933 – 2017	Author of The Mote in God's Eye and The Prince	[459]
Cormac McCarthy	1933 – 2023	Author of Blood Meridian, No Country for Old Men, and The Road	[460]
Larry Niven	1938 –	Author of The Mote in God's Eye and Lucifer's Hammer	[461]
Tito Perdue	1938 –	Author of Lee	[462]
Robin Cook	1940 –	Author of Coma, Sphinx, and Brain
Nelson DeMille	1943 –	Author of Plum Island, The Charm School, and The Gold Coast	[463]
Dean Koontz	1945 –	Author of Odd Thomas	[464]
Edward Cline	1946 –	Author of Sparrowhawk
Tom Clancy	1947 – 2013	Author of The Hunt for Red October, Patriot Games, and Without Remorse
Mark Helprin	1947 –	Author of Winter's Tale, A Soldier of the Great War, and Freddy and Fredericka
Robert Jordan	1947 – 2007	Creator of the Wheel of Time series	[465]
Robert Ferrigno	1947 –	Author of Prayers for the Assassin	[466]
Terry Goodkind	1948 – 2020	Author of The Sword of Truth and The Law of Nines	[467]
James Ellroy	1948 –	Author of The Black Dahlia and L.A. Confidential	[468]
Dan Simmons	1948 –	Author of Song of Kali and the Hyperion Cantos series	[469][470]
Orson Scott Card	1951 –	Author of Ender's Game and Speaker for the Dead	[471]
Thomas Mallon	1951 –	Former deputy chairman for the National Endowment for the Humanities; author of Henry and Clara and Dewey Defeats Truman	[472]
Brad Linaweaver	1952 – 2019	Author of Moon of Ice and Sliders	[473]
Andrew Klavan	1954 –	Author of Empire of Lies
Tom Kratman	1956 –	Author of A Desert Called Peace and Watch on the Rhine	[474]
Lionel Shriver	1957 –	Author of We Need to Talk About Kevin	[475]
Mark M. Goldblatt	1957 –	Author of Africa Speaks and Twerp	[476]
Robert Girardi	1961 –	Author of Madeleine's Ghost and Gorgeous East
John C. Wright	1961 –	Author of The Golden Oecumene	[477]
David Foster Wallace	1962 – 2008	Author of Infinite Jest and The Pale King	[478][479]
Sarah A. Hoyt	1962 –	Author of Darkship Thieves and Uncharted	[480]
John Ringo	1963 –	Author of the Empire of Man series
Tony Daniel	1963 –	Author of Metaplanetary	[481]
Nicholas Sparks	1965 –	Author of The Notebook and A Walk to Remember
Joel C. Rosenberg	1967 –	Author of The Ezekiel Option
Michael Z. Williamson	1967 –	Author of Freehold and Forged in Blood	[citation needed]
Brad Thor	1969 –	Author of The Lions of Lucerne and The Last Patriot
Larry Correia	1977 –	Author of Son of the Black Sword and Monster Hunter International	[482]

Comic book writers and artists

Name	Lifetime	Notability	Ref.
Chuck Dixon	1954-	Writer for series and stories including Batman, Batman: Knightfall, and The Punisher (1987)
Bill Willingham	1956-	Writer and artist for series including Elementals and Fables	[483]
Ethan Van Sciver	1974-	Artist for series including The Flash: Rebirth, Green Lantern: Rebirth, and Sinestro Corps War

Organizations

Think tanks

Hoover Tower at Stanford University, location of the Hoover Institution Library and Archives

Name	Founded/defunct	Notability	Ref.
Acton Institute	1990–	promotes "individual liberty ... sustained by religious principles"	[484]
American Enterprise Institute	1938–	promotes fiscal conservatism	[484]
Claremont Institute	1979–	promotes Straussianism	[484]
Competitive Enterprise Institute	1984–	promotes limited government	[484]
Discovery Institute	1990–	promotes teaching religious viewpoints in science classes	[484]
The Heartland Institute	1984–	promotes libertarian conservatism and climate change denial	[485][486]
The Heritage Foundation	1973–	promotes "[c]onservative social values"	[484]
Hoover Institution	1919–	promotes "a free and peaceful society"	[484]
Hudson Institute	1961–	promotes neoconservatism	[487]
Manhattan Institute for Policy Research	1977–	promotes privatization and limited government	[485][488]
Mercatus Center	1980–	promotes libertarian and free-market ideas	[485]
Mises Institute	1982–	promotes Austrian school economics and anarcho-capitalism	[485]

Foundations

Name	Founded/defunct	Notability	Ref.
Bradley Foundation	founded in 1942	financially supports Republican-leaning think tanks	[489][490]
John Templeton Foundation	founded in 1987	[489]
Koch family foundations	founded in 1953	gives millions of dollars to a variety of organizations	[489][491]
Lovett and Ruth Peters Foundation	founded in 1994		[492]
Mercer Family Foundation		gives millions of dollars to conservative organizations	[493]
Olin Foundation	defunct in 2005	financially supports Republican-leaning think tanks	[494][490]
Pacific Legal Foundation	Founded in 1973	Public interest law firm that defends Americans’ liberties when threatened by government overreach and abuse.	[495]
Prager University Foundation (PragerU)	2009	publishes weekly conservative videos which have garnered over 2 billion total views	[496]
Richard and Helen DeVos Foundation	founded in 1970	gives millions of dollars to conservative organizations	[153]
Scaife Foundations	founded in 2014	financially supports Republican-leaning think tanks	[497][490]
Searle Freedom Trust	founded in 1998	financially supports Republican-leaning think tanks	[490][497]
Smith Richardson Foundation	founded in 1935	financially supports Republican-leaning think tanks	[489][490]

Political, social and economic organizations

Headquarters of Focus on the Family in Colorado Springs, Colorado

U.S. Chamber of Commerce Building in Washington, D.C.

Name	Founded/defunct	Notability	Ref.
Alliance Defending Freedom	1994–	Christian legal organization	[498]
American Conservative Union	1964–	organization "with the aim of coordinating and guiding American conservatism"	[499]
American Family Association	1977–	lobbying organization	[500]
American Legislative Exchange Council	1973–	organization that helps state legislators write bills	[501][502]
Americans for Prosperity	2004–	Tea Party movement organization	[503]
Club for Growth	1999–	political action committee	[504]
Concerned Women for America	1978–	conservative women's organization formed by Beverly LaHaye	[505][506]
Council for National Policy	1981–	elite organization that meets three times a year	[507]
Faith and Freedom Coalition	2009–	Republican fundraising organization	[508]
Family Research Council	1983-	conservative Christian organization	[509]
Federalist Society	1982–	legal organization	[510]
Focus on the Family	1977–	Christian organization	[153]
FreedomWorks	2004–	grassroots organization	[511]
Independent Women's Forum	1992–	conservative women's organization	[512]
John Birch Society	1958–	ultraconservative organization	[513]
Judicial Watch	1994–	educational foundation	[514]
State Policy Network	1992–	organization of state-based groups	[515][516]
Turning Point Action	2019	political advocacy group	[517][518]
Turning Point USA	2012–	grassroots organization based on College, High School and Church Campuses	[519][520]
US Chamber of Commerce	1912–	pro-business lobbying organization	[521]
Young Americans for Freedom	1960–	organization formed by William F. Buckley Jr.	[120]

Media

Main article: Alternative media (U.S. political right)

The studios of Fox News in 2009

The newsroom of The Washington Times

Name	Founded/defunct	Notability	Ref.
The American Conservative	2002–	Paleoconservative magazine founded by Patrick J. Buchanan	[522]
The American Spectator	1967–	publication known for its investigations of Bill Clinton during his presidency	[523]
Blaze Media	2018–	news outlet from 2018 merger of Glenn Beck's TheBlaze and Mark Levin's CRTV	[524]
Breitbart News	2007–	website formerly headed by Steve Bannon	[525][526][527][528][529]
Chronicles		monthly magazine that promotes "Western civilization"	[522]
CNSNews	1998–	website founded by L. Brent Bozell III	[530]
Commentary	1945–	neoconservative monthly magazine edited by John Podhoretz	[531]
The Daily Caller	2010–	website founded by Tucker Carlson	[532]
The Daily Wire	2015–	website and media company founded by Ben Shapiro and Jeremy Boreing
The Detroit News	1873–	one of the two major newspapers in the U.S. city of Detroit, Michigan	[533]
Drudge Report	1995–	website founded by Matt Drudge	[534][189][535]
Fox News	1996–	cable outlet	[536]
Free Republic	1997–	website that promotes "front-line conservative activism"	[537][538]
FrontPage		website edited by David Horowitz	[539]
Human Events	1944–	weekly news magazine	[522]
National Review	1955–	magazine founded by William F. Buckley	[531]
New Hampshire Union Leader	1863–	daily newspaper of Manchester, New Hampshire	[540]
New York Post	1801–	daily newspaper owned by News Corp	[522]
Newsmax Media	1998–	media firm headed by Christopher Ruddy	[541]
One America News Network	2013–	cable channel	[542]
Reader's Digest	1922–	magazine founded by George and Lila Acheson Wallace	[543]
RedState	2004–	website owned by Salem Media	[544]
Regnery Publishing	1947–	publishing house	[545]
Sinclair Broadcast Group	1971–	telecommunications company founded by Julian Sinclair Smith	[546]
Townhall.com	1995–	website that hosts conservative commentary	[547]
The Bulwark	2018–	founded by Charlie Sykes and Bill Kristol
The Epoch Times	2000-	newspaper and news website
The Wall Street Journal	1889–	daily newspaper owned by Rupert Murdoch	[522]
The Washington Free Beacon	2012–	news website	[548]
The Washington Times	1982–	daily newspaper that covers politics	[522]
The Weekly Standard	1995–2018	weekly magazine that covered politics	[522]
WorldNetDaily	1997–	news website	[549][550]

See also

• List of American liberals
• List of American libertarians
• List of British conservatives
• List of Latino Republicans
• List of African-American Republicans
• List of politicians affiliated with the Tea Party movement
• List of paleoconservative organizations
• List of anti-abortion organizations in the United States