List of Canadian flags

The Department of Canadian Heritage lays out protocol guidelines for the display of flags, including an order of precedence; these instructions are only conventional, however, and are generally intended to show respect for what are considered important symbols of the state or institutions.^[1] The sovereign's personal standard is supreme in the order of precedence, followed by those for the monarch's representatives (depending on jurisdiction), the personal flags of other members of the Royal Family,^[2] and then the national flag and provincial flags.

The national flag of Canada (at left) being flown with the flags of the 10 Canadian provinces and 3 territories

Many museums across Canada display historic flags in their exhibits. The Canadian Museum of History, in Hull, Quebec has many culturally important flags in their collections. Settlers, Rails & Trails Inc., in Argyle, Manitoba holds the second largest exhibit - known as the Canadian Flag Collection.

National and provincial flags

National

Flag	Date	Use	Description
	1965–present	National Flag of Canada (The Maple Leaf, l'Unifolié)	A vertical bicolour triband of red, white, red with a red maple leaf emblem charged in the Canadian pale

Provincial

Flag	Date	Use	Description
	1965–present	Flag of Ontario	A red field with the Royal Union Flag in the canton and the shield of the coat of arms of Ontario charged in the fly
	1948–present	Flag of Quebec (The Fleurdelisé)	A blue field with an ordinary white cross and a white fleur-de-lis in each quadrant
	1858 (first use) 1929 (arms adopted) 2013 (flag adopted) –present	Flag of Nova Scotia	A banner of arms of the coat of arms of Nova Scotia
	1965–present	Flag of New Brunswick	A banner of the coat of arms of New Brunswick
		Flag of Manitoba	A red field with the Royal Union Flag in the canton and the shield of the coat of arms of Manitoba charged in the fly
	1960–present	Flag of British Columbia	A banner of the coat of arms of British Columbia
	1964–present	Flag of Prince Edward Island	A banner of the coat of arms of Prince Edward Island within a bordure compony of red and white
	1969–present	Flag of Saskatchewan	A field party per fess, green and yellow, with the shield of the coat of arms of Saskatchewan in the canton and western red lily emblem charged in the fly
	1968–present	Flag of Alberta	A blue field with the shield of the coat of arms of Alberta charged in the centre
	1980–present	Flag of Newfoundland and Labrador	A blue and white field party per pale (at nombril point) with a white border, white ordinary cross and white saltire, two triangular divisions in the fly lined in red, a golden arrow between two triangular divisions

Territorial

Flag	Date	Use	Description
	1969–present	Flag of the Northwest Territories	A vertical bicolour triband of blue, white, blue with the shield of the coat of arms of the Northwest Territories charged in the Canadian pale
	1968–present	Flag of Yukon	A vertical tricolour triband of green, white, blue with the shield of the coat of arms of Yukon above a wreath of fireweed charged in the pale, with pale ratio of 1 to 1.5 to 1
	1999–present	Flag of Nunavut	A field party per pale, yellow and white, with a red inukshuk charged in the centre and a blue star in the upper fly

Ceremonial

Flag	Date	Use	Description
	1965–present	Royal Union Flag	The Cross of St. Andrew counterchanged with the Cross of St. Patrick and over all the Cross of St. George.

Royal

Main article: Royal standards of Canada

Flag	Date	Use	Description
	2023–present	Royal Standard of Charles III, King of Canada	A banner of the Royal Arms of Canada undifferentiated
	2011–present	Royal standard of the Prince of Wales	A banner of the Royal Arms of Canada differentiated by a white three-pointed label and defaced with the Prince of Wales's feathers
	2013–present	Royal standard of Princess Anne	A banner of the Royal Arms of Canada differentiated by a white three-pointed label; the first and third labels bearing a red cross, the centre label bearing a red heart; and defaced with a royal cypher of Princess Anne
	2014–present	Royal standard of Prince Edward, Duke of Edinburgh	A banner of the Royal Arms of Canada differentiated by a three-pointed label; the centre label bearing a Tudor rose; and defaced with a royal cypher of Prince Edward
	2015–present	Other members of the royal family	A banner of the Royal Arms of Canada with a border of ermine

Viceregal and administrative

Governor general

Flag	Date	Use	Description
	1981–1999 2002–present	Flag of the governor general of Canada	A blue field with the crest of the Royal Arms of Canada charged in the centre

Lieutenant governors and commissioners

Main article: Flags of the lieutenant governors of Canada

Supreme Court of Canada

Flag	Date	Use	Description
	2021	Flag of the Supreme Court of Canada	Gules on a Canadian pale Argent a lozenge lozengy Gules and Argent charged with maple leaves alternately Or and Gules

Military and civilian law enforcement organizations

Canadian Armed Forces

Flag	Date	Use	Description
	1968–present	Flag of the Canadian Armed Forces	A white field with the National Flag of Canada in the canton and the Canadian Armed Forces badge charged in the fly[3]
	1920–present	Flag of the Royal Military College of Canada	A field tierced per pale, red, white, and red with the badge of the Royal Military College of Canada charged in the centre
		Flag of the Royal Military College Saint-Jean	A field tierced per pale, blue, white, and blue with the badge of the Royal Military College Saint-Jean charged in the centre
	2000–present	Banner of the Commander-in-Chief Unit Commendation	A field tierced per pale, blue, red, and azure, with the crest of the Royal Arms of Canada charged in the centre
	2009–present	Camp flag of the Cadet Instructors Cadre	The badge of the Cadet Instructors Cadre, with the traditional colours of the Navy, Army and the Air Force. The golden border represents the young people that CIC officers work for.
	−1965	King's Colour, as used by the Royal Military College of Canada	King's Colour of the Royal Military College of Canada with the Union Flag.

Canadian Army

Flag	Date	Use	Description
	1939–1944	Old flag of the Canadian Army
	1968–1998
	1998–2013
	2013–2016
	2016–present	Flag of the Canadian Army	A scarlet red field with the National Flag of Canada in the canton and the Canadian Army badge charged in the fly
	–present	Flag of the Commander of the Canadian Army

Royal Canadian Navy

Flag	Date	Use	Description
	1968–present	Canadian Naval Ensign (2013-present), naval jack (1968-2013)	A white field with the National Flag of Canada in the canton and charged in the fly with an anchor, eagle and naval crown in blue
	1979–present[4]	Canadian Forces Auxiliary Jack	A blue field with the National Flag of Canada in the canton and charged in the fly with an anchor, eagle and naval crown in white
	c. 1964–present	Flag of the Canadian Navy Board	A field party per bend, blue and sanguine, with a fouled anchor in gold charged in the centre
	RCN (1911–1965) RCSCC (1905–1965)	Used as the ensign of the Royal Canadian Navy and some Royal Canadian Sea Cadets corps. Used throughout the entire British Empire by the Royal Navy and by several former British colonies even after they became independent and established their own navies.	White Ensign, St George's Cross with the Union Flag in the canton.
	RCN (1957-1965)	The Blue Ensign, worn as a jack by the Royal Canadian Navy	Blue Ensign defaced with the Royal Arms of Canada. The maple leaves at the bottom of the shield are red.
	RCN (1921–1957) RCSCC (1929–1953)	The Blue Ensign, worn as a jack by the Royal Canadian Navy and used by the RCSCC	Blue Ensign defaced with the Royal Arms of Canada. The maple leaves at the bottom of the shield are green.
	Naval Service of Canada / Royal Canadian Navy (1910–1911, as ensign; 1911-1921 as jack) RCSCC (1910–1922)	The Blue Ensign, worn as ensign then jack by the Naval Service of Canada/Royal Canadian Navy	Blue Ensign defaced with the 1868 Great Seal of Canada. Worn as ensign from 1910 to 1913, then jack from 1913 to 1921, after Navy authorized to fly the British White Ensign.[5][6]

Royal Canadian Air Force

Flag	Date	Use	Description
	1921–1940	Royal Canadian Air Force Ensign	A field of air force blue with the Union Flag in the canton and the Royal Air Force roundel charged in the fly
	1941–1968		A field of air force blue with the Union Flag in the canton and the Royal Canadian Air Force roundel charged in the fly
	1982–present		A field of air force blue with the National Flag of Canada in the canton and the Royal Canadian Air Force roundel charged in the fly

Canadian Special Operations Forces Command

Flag	Date	Use	Description
Link to file	-present	Flag of the Canadian Special Operations Forces Command	A white field with the National Flag of Canada in the canton and the CANSOFCOM badge charged in the fly

Canada Border Services Agency

Flag	Date	Use	Description
	2012–present	Flag of the Canada Border Services Agency	A Blue field with the National Flag of Canada in the canton and the Canada Border Services Agency badge charged in the fly

Canadian Coast Guard

Flag	Date	Use	Description
	1965–present	Jack of the Canadian Coast Guard	A banner of the arms of the Canadian Coast Guard: vertical diband of white and blue, a red maple leaf emblem charged in the hoist and a pair of dolphins in gold and facing opposite directions charged in the fly. Features current 11-point maple leaf designed by Jacques St-Cyr.[7]
	1962–1965	Jack of the Canadian Coast Guard, original design	A white field with blue flank/side one third length of flag at the fly; field charged with a red maple leaf emblem and side at fly charged with a pair of heraldic dolphins in gold, one above the other and facing opposite directions.[nb 1] Features original 13-point maple leaf designed by Alan Beddoe.[9]
	1962–1965	Ensign of the Canadian Coast Guard	Blue Ensign of Canadian Government Ships, defaced with Coat of Arms of Canada
	–present	Honorary Commissioner Flag	Governor General's flag in the canton.

Police services

Flag	Date	Use	Description
	1991–present	Ensign of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police	A red field with a blue canton bordered yellow with a representation of the Badge of the RCMP.
Link to file	1998–present	Flag of the Ontario Provincial Police	Blue with the heraldic badge of the OPP.
	1983–present	Flag of the Sûreté du Québec	A green field, on a Canadian Pale Yellow charged with the badge of the Sûreté du Québec.
	–present	Flag of the Royal Newfoundland Constabulary	A blue field with the badge of the RNC in the centre.

Youth cadets organizations

Flag	Date	Use	Description
	1953–1976[10]	Former flag of the Royal Canadian Sea Cadets	A white flag with a Union Flag at the canton, with the badge of the Royal Canadian Sea Cadets at the fly. This is the basis of the current flag of the Royal Canadian Sea Cadets.
	1976–present[10]	Flag of the Royal Canadian Sea Cadets	A white flag with a Canadian Flag at the canton, with the badge of the Royal Canadian Sea Cadets at the fly.
	2009–present[11]	Flag of the Navy League of Canada	A white flag with a Canadian Flag at the canton, with the current badge of the Navy League of Canada at the fly.
	1985–present[12]	Banner of the Royal Canadian Army Cadets	A Canadian flag in the same shape as a queen's colour used in the Canadian Armed Forces, with the maple leaf modified with the badge of the Royal Canadian Army Cadets. At the canton, the cypher of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, as former colonel-in-chief of the Royal Canadian Army Cadets. At the fly, a badge representing the Canadian Army (the crown of Saint Edward above crossed swords).
	1944–1973	Flag of the Royal Canadian Army Cadets used by individual Army Cadet Corps used before 1973.
	January 1973–present	Flag of the Royal Canadian Army Cadets used by individual Army Cadet Corps.
		Camp Flag of the Royal Canadian Army Cadets.	On a white field, the badge of the Royal Canadian Army Cadets in the centre.
	1995–present [13]	Flag of the Army Cadet League of Canada.	A banner of the shield of the arms of the Army Cadet League of Canada. According to the heraldic grant, the shield of the arms of the Army Cadet League of Canada is "Argent two swords in saltire Argent fimbriated Gules hilted and pommelled Or surmounted by a maple leaf Gules veined Or all within an orle of twelve maple leaves stems inward Gules."[14] The web site of the Governor General of Canada explains this description as follows: "The white shield, bearing a maple leaf and crossed broad swords, alludes to a central Canadian entity with direct connection to the military. The twelve smaller maple leaves show singleness of purpose but at the Branch level.[14]
	1991–present [15][12]	Banner of the Royal Canadian Air Cadets	Based on the design of Queen's Colour for the Royal Canadian Air Force, with the badge of the Royal Canadian Air Cadets replacing the maple leaf. At the canton, the cypher of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, as former air commodore in chief of the Royal Canadian Air Cadets. On the bottom fly, the first badge of the Royal Canadian Air Cadets, a golden maple leaf above an eagle.
	1971–present [15]	Ensign of the Royal Canadian Air Cadets	An Air Force blue flag, with a Canadian flag at the canton, with the historical badge of the Royal Canadian Air Cadets.
		Squadron Banner of the Royal Canadian Air Cadets	An Air Force blue flag, with the badge of the Royal Canadian Air Cadets and a scroll stating the squadron's name and number (this example, 643 St-Hubert Squadron.
		Camp flag of the Junior Canadian Rangers	A 1/3 red and 2/3 green flag with the badge of the Junior Canadian Rangers on the fly.

Civil

Flag	Date	Use	Description
	1922–1923	Canadian Civil Aviation Ensign, briefly used by the Air Board.	A field of light blue with the Union Flag in the canton and a shield with white albatross superimposed upon three maple leaves in the middle of the fly.

Corporations

Crown corporations

Flag	Date	Use	Description
	1992–present	Flag of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation	A blue and red field with the logo of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation charged in the centre; logo was first introduced in 1992
	1978–present	Flag of the Royal Canadian Mint	A red field with the logo of the Royal Canadian Mint charged in the centre; logo was first introduced in 1978

Hudson's Bay Company

Main article: Flag of the Hudson's Bay Company

Religious

Flag	Date	Use	Description
	1955–present	Flag of the Anglican Church of Canada
	–present	Flag of the Grand Orange Lodge of Canada

Ethnic groups

Indigenous nations

Main article: Flags of the Indigenous nations of Canada

Francophone peoples

Flag	Date	Use	Description
	1884–present	Acadian flag	Tri-coloured flag, blue, white then red. A yellow star representing independence and unique culture from main land France.
	1975–present	Flag of the Franco-Ontarians	A field party per pale, green and white, with a white fleur-de-lys charged in the hoist and a green trillium emblem charged in the fly
	1976–present	Flag of the Fransaskois	A yellow field with a green Nordic cross centred towards the upper hoist and a red fleur-de-lis charged in the lower fly
	1980–present	Flag of the Franco-Manitobans	A white field with yellow over sanguine bars with a green plant emblem in four pieces charged in the hoist
	1981–present	Flag of the Franco-Columbians	A white field party per pale by a bar gemelles and dancetty, a fleur-de-lys and Pacific Dogwood emblem charged in the fly; Dogwood is the floral emblem of British Columbia, the blue stripes evoke the Pacific Ocean and the rising mountains beside, the yellow centre of the Dogwood flower represents the sun
	1982–present	Flag of the Franco-Albertans	A field party per bend sinister, blue and white, by a bend cotised white and blue with a white fleur-de-lys in the upper hoist and a red wild rose in the lower fly
	1985–present	Flag of the Franco-Yukonnais	A blue field and three diagonal stripes set from lower hoist to upper fly. The colours of the stripes are white and golden yellow. The effect created by the arrangement of the stripes is meant to represent Yukon's many mountains. Blue is for the French people and the sky. White is for winter and snow. Yellow represents the gold rush and the Franco-Yukonnais contributions to history of the territory.
	1986–present	Flag of the Fédération des Francophones de Terre-Neuve et du Labrador (Franco-Terreneuviens)	Three unequal panels of blue, white, and red, with two yellow sails set on the line between the white and red panels. The sail on top is charged with a spruce twig, while the bottom sail is charged with a pitcher flower.
	1992–present	Flag of the Franco-Ténois	A polar bear on a snowy hill, looking forward towards a snowflake/Fleur-de-lis combined, representing the French community of the Northwest Territories of Canada.
	2002–present	Flag of the Franco-Nunavois	Blue that represents the Arctic sky and white recalls the snow, abundantly present on the territory. The principal shape represent an igloo, and under this one, the inukshuk which symbolise the human presence. A single dandelion flower grows from beneath it.

Other ethnic groups

Flag	Date	Use	Description
	2006?–present?	Flag of Black Canadians	The Canadian national flag with black instead of red.[16]
	2008–present	Flag of Gaelic Canadians	Adopted by the Comhairle na Gàidhlig (The Gaelic Council of Nova Scotia), the salmon represents the gift of knowledge in the Gaelic storytelling traditions of Nova Scotia, Scotland and Ireland and the Isle of Man. The “G” represents the Gaelic language and the ripples are the manifestations of the language through its rich culture of song, story, music, dance and custom and belief system.[17]
	2021–present	Flag of Black Nova Scotians	The red represents blood and sacrifice. The gold conveys cultural richness. The green symbolizes fertility and growth. The black stands for the people. The wave in the bottom centre has a dual meaning, representing the ocean and movements as well as honouring the journey of African Nova Scotian ancestors through the middle passage during the slave trade. On the left is half of a stylized heart (a version of the Sankofa symbol) with a yin and yang-like symbol embedded to represent heartbreak balanced with awareness. The image is encompassed with an incomplete circle representing those things absent but yet to come.[18]
	2024–present	Flag of Irish Heritage Quebec	A yellow Celtic cross on a green background with a white crenellated border. Inspired by the flag of Quebec City.[19]

Municipal

Main article: Commons:List of Canadian municipal flags

• 
  Flag of Calgary
• 
  Flag of Edmonton
• 
  Flag of Hamilton
• 
  Flag of Montreal
• 
  Flag of Ottawa
• 
  Flag of Quebec City
• 
  Flag of Toronto
• 
  Flag of Vancouver
• 
  Flag of Winnipeg

Historical

Historical national flags

Flag	Date	Use	Description
	1497–1707	Flag on John Cabot's ship, and used during the English colonization of the Americas before the Act of Union.	White Ensign, St George's Cross.
	1621–1707	Flag used during the Scottish colonization of the Americas before the Act of Union.	White saltire on blue ensign, St. Andrew's Cross.
	1608	Etandart François[20]	Possibly flown by Samuel de Champlain at Quebec City.[21]
	16th c. on	Ensign of the Royal French Navy	A plain white banner, as naval ensign, also used on land, especially on fortifications, as symbol of authority of the French state.[22]
	1664	Flag of the Compagnie française des Indes occidentales	A white banner defaced with the Arms of France, three golden fleurs-de-lis on a blue escutcheon.[23]
	1689	Merchant Flag of France
	1707	United Empire Loyalists (British North America)	United Empire loyalist flag which was similar to the earlier version of the Union Jack but had slight changes in the fimbriation width. The United Empire Loyalists brought this flag to British North America when they left the United States. In present-day Canada, the flag continues to be used as symbol of pride and heritage for loyalist townships and organizations.[24]
	1801–1964	Union Flag (1801–1964); Canadian Royal Union Flag (1964–present)

Royal

Further information: Royal standards of Canada § Former standards

Flag	Date	Use	Description
	1643	Royal standard of France
	1534–1763	Royal Banner of France or "Bourbon Flag" was the most commonly used flag in New France[25][26][27][28]	The banner flag has three gold fleur-de-lis on a dark blue field arranged two and one
	1962–2022	Royal standard of Elizabeth II, Queen of Canada	A banner of the Royal Arms of Canada defaced with a royal cypher of Queen Elizabeth II
	2014-2020	Royal standard of Prince Andrew, Duke of York	No longer used after Andrew's withdrawal from public roles.
	2011–2022	Royal standard of Prince William

Coronation standards

Flag	Date	Use	Description
	1937 and 1953	Coronations of George VI and Elizabeth and Elizabeth II	Banner of arms of Royal Coat of Arms of Canada
	1911	Coronation of George V and Mary	Banner of arms of Royal Coat of Arms of Canada

Viceregal

Main article: Flag of the Governor General of Canada § Historical versions

Main article: Flags of the lieutenant governors of Canada § Historical

Civil ensigns

Flag	Date	Use	Description
	1892–1922	Canadian Red Ensign as authorized for use as a civil ensign through Admiralty warrant. Informal use of the Canadian Red Ensign as a symbol of Canada began as early as 1868.
	1907–1922	1907 informal version of the Canadian Red Ensign commonly used in western Canada. Note the inclusion of all the provincial emblems.
	1922–1957	1922 version of the Canadian Red Ensign used from 1922 to 1957, which was also used as a de facto national flag.
	1957–1965	1957 version of the Canadian Red Ensign that had evolved as the de facto national flag until 1965.

Government ensigns

Flag	Date	Description	Use
	1868–1922	A British colonial Blue Ensign defaced with the 1868 Great Seal of Canada	Since Confederation, worn by Canadian federal government ships, including of the Department of Marine and Fisheries, involved in tending lighthouses, performing search and rescue, ice-breaking, resupply of isolated outposts, and other services. Worn by Canadian government warships prior to formation of Naval Service of Canada/Royal Canadian Navy.[29][30] (Also from 1910-1911 as naval ensign, then 1911-1922 as naval jack.)
	1922–1957	A British colonial Blue Ensign defaced with the 1921 Arms of Canada	Used by ships of various Canadian federal departments, including Department of Transport fleet from 1936 -1957.[31] (Also as naval jack 1922-1957.)
	1957–1965	A British colonial Blue Ensign defaced with the 1957 Arms of Canada	Used by ships of various Canadian federal departments, including Canadian Marine Service (1959-1962), and Canadian Coast Guard (as ensign) from 1962-1965.[32] (Also as naval jack 1957-1965.)

Newfoundland

Flag	Date	Use	Description
	1904–1949	Dominion of Newfoundland
	1870–1904	Newfoundland Colony
	1862–1870

Rebellions

Flag	Date	Use	Description
	1968–1971	Front de libération du Québec	Flag of the FLQ as seen at demonstrations in Montreal and the U.S. between 1968 and 1971[33]
	1812–1821	Pemmican War	Metis Flag
	1837	Lower Canada Rebellion	This flag was created by Marie-Louise Félix, Émilie Berthelot and Marie-Louise-Zéphirine Labrie in 1837, also involved in the Association of Patriotic Ladies of the Deux-Montagnes County. We see a maple branch surmounted by a muskellunge, surrounded by a crown of cone and pine branches. The C would mean "Canada" (in the sense that this term had for the Patriots at the time) and JB would mean "Jean-Baptiste", the patron saint of "Canadians" since the creation of the Société Saint-Jean- Baptiste in 1834. The original is in Château Ramezay, in Montreal.
	1832–1838	Patriote flag	The proposed flag for the Republic of Lower Canada (1838). It is still used today by some souverainists, in mostly 4 variants: the original, and three versions with the yellow star in the top left corner. Of which, two of them have Henri Julien's Patriot painting of 1904, one in colour and the other stylised in black and white.
	1837–1838	Flag of the Republic of Canada	A blue-white-red vertical tricolour with two white stars representing the colonies of Upper and Lower Canada and a crescent moon representing the "hunter's clubs" that organized and led the insurrection affixed at the hoist.[34]
	1869-1870	North-West Rebellion	Often mistaken as the flag used in the 1885 resistance, the flag used by the Provisional Government of Rupert's Land and the North-West was described in various ways. Most descriptions mention a fleur-de-lys, shamrock and a white background.[35][36]
	1885	Provisional Government of Saskatchewan	The day of the provisional government's proclamation,  Father Vital Fourmond, a witness, wrote "As a flag [Riel] chose the white flag of ancient France [with a royal blue shield bearing three golden fleurs de lys], saying that he was called to renew its ancient glories. On it he placed a large image of Mary's immaculate heart."[37]

Other

Flag	Date	Use	Description
	1827	Flag of the short lived Republic of Madawaska which was situated between Canada and the US.
	1868	The Canadian Red Ensign used at Dominion Day celebrations in Barkerville, BC in support of Canadian Confederation, as Canada did not have an official flag.[38]
	1910–1913	Sledge flag used in Antarctica by C.S. Wright, a Canadian member of Robert Falcon Scott's Terra Nova Expedition.
	Post 1910–c. 1945	British Empire flag	An unofficial flag of the British Empire featuring symbols of its constituent dominions and India. The Canadian coat of arms are present in the bottom left. It was flown by civilians as a display of patriotism on special occasions such as Empire Day. A surviving specimen from the British Empire Exhibition in 1924 is kept in the Canadian Flag Collection.[39]

Proposed

The following is a list of flags proposed for the Canadian state.^[40]

Flag	Date	Use	Description
	1895	Proposed national flag by Sir Donald A. Smith	A British colonial Red Ensign with green maple leaf in lower fly.[41]
		Proposal for a 'Meteor Flag of the Dominion' by Sir Sanford Fleming	A British colonial Red Ensign with a seven-pointed white star in the lower fly that represents the North Star as emblem of Canada its rays symbolizing its then seven provinces.[42][43] Proposed 13 years before Australia incorporated a seven-point Commonwealth Star in its flag.
		Proposed national flag by H. Spencer Howell of the Canadian Club of Hamilton, Ontario	A British colonial Red Ensign with green maple leaf on white disc in lower fly.[44][45]
	1896	E. M. Chadwick's Proposed National Flag / Blue Ensign of Canada	A British Blue Ensign with three conjoined maple leaves in gold as emblem on the fly. Chadwick also proposed a Red Ensign with the same gold maple leaves as Canada's colonial/national emblem.[46]
		E. M. Chadwick's Proposed National Flag and Red Ensign of Canada	A British Red Ensign with three conjoined maple leaves in green on a white disc as badge on the fly. Chadwick also proposed a Blue Ensign with the same maple leaves in red on a white disc as Canada's colonial/national emblem.[47]
	1902	Design reported in the Daily Express to have been proposed as part of a series of Empire flags that would replace the Union Jack in representing individual territories of the British Empire[48]	The Cross of Saint George and the crown in the canton would have been present on all Empire flags to represent the English. In the top right would be the emblem of the territory flying the flag, and in this case, the coat of arms of Canada. A large sun in the centre symbolizes "the empire on which the sun never sets."
	1916	Manitoba Free Press Proposal	Design inspired by the Australian flag. A British ensign with a white field, with the seven stars of the Big Dipper/Great Bear plus the North Star placed on the fly.[49] Further development of a proposal originally made in October 1909 by C. F. Hamilton in Collier's Canada (a white ensign as flag of Canada). Hamilton strongly criticized the Manitoba Free Press proposal for its use of 'republican' stars.[50]
	1920s	Minnie H. Bowen Proposal	Design featuring the white cross of France on a red field with Union Jack in canton, submitted to PM Mackenzie King's 1925 flag committee.[51] A similar redesign of the red and blue ensigns of Canada was considered by PM Sir Robert Borden's 1919 arms committee.[52]
	1925	A. Fortescue Duguid Proposal	Proposed by Archer Fortescue Duguid as a “Canadian National Flag for Use Ashore” in June 1925. Later provisionally adopted by the Canadian Army in Europe from 1939-1944, until replaced by the Canadian Red Ensign. Duguid re-proposed the design as national flag in 1939 at the time it was adopted as the flag of the 1st Canadian Division.[53]
	1926	Winner of the 1926 La Presse contest to design a national flag. Design credited concurrently to Edwin Tappan Adney, Charles Lapierre, Joseph-Edouard Roy, and Isidore Renaud.[54]	The white field recalls the first, "heroic" period of Canada under monarchical France, the Union Jack symbolizes loyalty to Great Britain, and the green maple leaf concretizes the present history of Canada and its aspirations.[55][56] Design submitted to the 1945-46 Parliamentary flag committee and one of the last to be eliminated from consideration.[57][58]
	c.1931	Gérard Gallienne's Proposal	A plain blue-red-blue vertical triband fimbriated by white bars (pallets). The blue bars symbolize the Atlantic and Pacific oceans and Canada's National Motto, A mari usque ad mare ('From sea to sea') and the red Canada's land.[59][60]
	1939	Ephrem Côté's Proposal[61]	A blue-white-red diagonal triband (white bend sinister on a field party per bend sinister blue and red). With a Union Jack in upper hoist, green maple leaf centre, and white fleur-de-lis lower hoist.
	c.1943	Ligue du Drapeau National's proposal for Flag of Canada, endorsed by the Native Sons of Canada in 1946	A red and white field divided diagaonally (per bend) defaced by a green maple leaf placed in the centre. Proposed by the Ligue du Drapeau National c. 1943.[62] One of the two final designs considered by the 1945-1946 parliamentary joint committee to choose a national flag.[63] Adopted and promoted by the Native Sons of Canada from 1946.[64][65]
	1944	Eugène Achard's Proposal	On a blue field, a white symmetric cross surmounted by a red cross, charged by a green maple leaf ringed by nine white five-pointed stars.[66]
	1945	A. Fortescue Duguid's second Proposal[67]	Three red maple leaves conjoined with a single stem on a white field. Originally proposed by Canadian armed forces heraldist and vexillologist Col. A. Fortecue Duguid during the 1945-1946 Parliamentary committee deliberations. Later re-proposed by PM Pearson's parliamentary secretary John R. Matheson in 1963.[68] Publicly supported by ex-PM and opposition leader John Diefenbaker during 1964 Great Flag Debate.[69]
	1946	Parliamentary Joint Committee's final selection	A red British ensign defaced with a large golden maple leaf outlined in white in the fly.[70][71][72] Selected by a 1945-1946 Joint Committee of the Senate and House of Commons but never submitted to parliament for a vote.[73]
		D. F. Stedman's proposal	A blue field with red and white diagonal and vertical bars of varying breadth. Derived from the British Union Jack and French Tricolour and intended to represent British, French, and Native 'founding' peoples.[74]
	1954	Florian A. Legace's proposal, the 'Canadian Union Jack'	A white cross on a red and blue quartered field, a green maple leaf centre. White "Cross of Sacrifice" after usage of Canadian Legion. Deep red of Union Jack, royal blue quarters intended to be intermediate between dark blue of the Union Jack and azure of the Fleurdelisé Flag of Quebec. The points on the maple leaf symbolize its individual provinces and territories and its green colour Canada's natural resources and the evergreens found coast to coast.[75]
		John Lorne MacDougall's proposal	Red field with white side/flank in the hoist charged with a shield featuring the Union Jack of Great Britain and three golden fleurs-de-lis of royalist France/Quebec over which are three green maple leaves and a Tudor crown. One of several variants devised by an all-province study group of Liberal MPs convened by Bona Arsenault in 1954.[76][77]
	1955	Proposal of J.W. Bradfield of the Toronto Young Men's Canadian Club	Quartered banner - upper hoist red with three golden lions, lower fly blue with three white fleurs-de-lis, remaining two white with three red conjoined maple leaves.[78][79]
		Alan Beddoe's Proposal	A white field charged by three red maple leaves conjoined on one stem with narrow wavy vertical blue bars at hoist and fly.[80]
		André Barbeau's Proposal	A white square centre panel charged with a forest green maple leaf, flanked by blue, white, red vertical bars at hoist and fly.[81]
	1957	Jean-Francois Pouliot's Proposal	Green, detailed maple leaf on a red background.
		Alfred Stagg's Proposal	Blue-white-blue vertical triband charged by a red maple leaf encircled by a red ring.[82] The distinctive leaf appears to be a silver maple rather than the more standard sugar maple.
	1958	Jean Dubuc's Proposal[83]	On a white field, a tripartite symmetric cross in red, white and blue, surmounted by a green maple leaf on a white disc. The white of the field symbolizes the First Nations and Inuit people “still in possession of vast expanses of snow and ice of this country”.[84]
		Vincent Dupuis's Proposal	Eleven red, white, and blue stripes with a white canton with green maple leaf. The stripes represent Canada's provinces and territories.[85]
	1959	Leslie Frost's Proposal	A Canadian Red Ensign with the Dominion Coat of Arms wreathed by ten maple leaves, representing Canada's ten provinces. Designed by the Premier of Ontario.[86]
		Marcel Boivin's Proposal	Four bands of white, blue, gold, and red. Recreation based on textual description (orientation of bands not specified).[87]
	1962	John-Guy Labarre's Proposal	A green Compass rose on a white background.
	1963	Rolland Lavoie's Proposal	A disc divided in half vertically, coloured red and blue, on a white field. First Prize winner in the 1963 Weekend / Canadian Art magazine design contest.[88][89][90]
		James Sanders's Proposal	An abstractly stylized seven-point red maple leaf on a white field. Second Prize winner in the 1963 Weekend / Canadian Art magazine design contest.[91][92]
		Leslie Coppold's Proposal	A blue and white vertically divided field with an abstractly stylized fifteen-point red maple leaf on the square white fly panel. One of five Fourth Prize winners in the 1963 Weekend / Canadian Art magazine design contest.[93][94]
		Carl Dair's Proposal	An abstractly stylized five-point red maple leaf on a white field flanked by vertical blue bars. Honorable Mention in the 1963 Weekend / Canadian Art magazine design contest.[95]
		Grant Hewlett's Proposal	A red field as square panel at fly with a white side or flank at hoist, charged with a green 19-point maple leaf. Honorable Mention in the 1963 Weekend / Canadian Art magazine design contest.[96]
	1964	Proposal of Alan Beddoe made during the Great Flag Debate, favored by Prime Minister Lester B. Pearson and popularly known as the Pearson Pennant. Parliamentary Committee "Group A" Finalist	A blue field with a white square containing a three-leaf maple. The blue sides were meant to represent John A. Macdonald's description of the Canadian Pacific Railway and Canada's geography, "From sea to sea". Beddoe first submitted a proposed flag of similar design in 1955.[97] The original mid-1964 draft version featured spikey, rounded heraldic maple leaves.[98]
		Proposal of Reid Scott of the New Democratic Party made during the Great Flag Debate.	A white field charged with a single red maple leaf and flanked by two vertical blue bars.[99]
		Proposal made during the Great Flag Debate featuring four maple leaves	Four large maple leaves occupy the centre of the flag. Behind them is a white diamond on a blue background. The leaves are arranged similarly to the modern heraldic mark of the Prime Minister, and their stems form the Cross of Saint George in the middle.
		Proposal made during the Great Flag Debate featuring one maple leaf	The background is like the British flag without the diagonal stripes, there is a green maple leaf in the centre and there are three stars on either side in the red stripe and two stars on either side in the vertical red stripe.
		Proposal made during the Great Flag Debate featuring ten maple leaves	Ten maple leaves are spread across the flag, and they likely represent the provinces. On the left are red leaves on a red background. The right side features the same colours inverted.
		Proposal for Flag of Canada, by George F. G. Stanley[100]	A red-white-red vertical triband, a red field with a white pale, containing a single red 15-point maple leaf. Based on the flag of the Royal Military College of Canada, where Stanley served as Dean of Arts.[101]
		George F. G. Stanley's alternate proposal for Flag of Canada, his Option B[102]	A red-white-red horizontal triband, a red field with a white fess, containing a three-leaf maple branch.
		Proposed flag for Canada, by George Matthias Bist	A critique and redesign of the Pearson Pennant. Features a red stylized 9-point maple leaf (black maple) on a white square pale, with an 'air force blue' field.[103] Design credited by John Matheson with inventing the Canadian pale.[104]
		Proposal made during the Great Flag Debate featuring one maple leaf. "Group C" finalist considered by Parliamentary committee.[105]	Identical to "Group B" final choice of 1964 Committee but with Union Flag and royal French banner with three fleurs-de-lis as cantonal charges in upper hoist and fly. Introduced ostensibly to placate supporters of Canadian Red Ensign,[106] eliminated in second to last round of voting.
		Proposal made during Great Flag Debate, Parliamentary Committee "Group B" finalist and Committee final selection.	Final choice of 1964 Parliamentary Joint Committee. Features vertical triband, red-white-red colour scheme, and single maple leaf proposed by George Stanley, George Matthias Bist's broad pale, and 13-point maple leaf designed by Alan Beddoe.[107]
		An intermediate manufactured prototype of the 1964 Parliamentary flag committee's final selection.	An intermediate redesign of the Parliamentary Joint Committee's final selection, featuring a variant 13-point maple leaf. Appears in press images taken in the month of December 1964, including a press agency photograph at the closure of Parliamentary debate[108] and a magazine cover depicting the new flag flying on Parliament Hill.[109]
	1994	Proposed flag for Canada, known as the Canadian Unity Flag	Blue vertical stripes replacing part of the red bands, in approximate proportion to population of French heritage.
	1996	The Unilisé, a flag used by Canadian federalists in Quebec	A banner combining the flags of Canada and Quebec. Made in 1996 after the Quebec independence referendum by federalists who supported remaining with Canada to represent national unity.

Regional

Official

Flag	Date	Use	Description
	1994–present	Flag of Cape Breton Island	A white field with four narrow horizontal stripes at the bottom, blue over green over yellow over gray with a narrow black fimbriation. Toward the fly, the green bar rises to silhouette a hill or island. Toward the hoist is a green, stylized eagle in flight. Despite not being widely used, the Eagle flag was officially recognized and adopted by the Nova Scotian government in 1994.[110]
	1938–present	Flag of Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean	A field party per fess, green and yellow, with a red-bordered grey ordinary cross; green represents the region's forests, yellow its agriculture, grey its industry and commerce, and red the vitality of the population

Unofficial

Flag	Date	Use	Description
	Disputed–present	Flag of Cape Breton Island	A field tierced per forest green and white, with a green saltire and yellow circle reading "Cape Breton Island" on the top, and "Canada" on the bottom, with a green stylized map of Cape Breton Island in the middle. The green is taken from the island's tartan. Though being the most commonly used flag it is not the official flag and is disputed by supporters of the officially recognized 1993 flag designed by Kelly Gooding[110]
	1974–present	Flag of Labrador	A field party per fess, white and azure, with a green horizontal band across the centre and a spruce twig in the upper hoist
	1880s–present	Newfoundland Tricolour	A field tierced per pale green, white, and pink
	1949–present	Flag of Outer Bald Tusket Island	Flag used by one of the first micronations, named Principality of Outer Baldonia, it is sometimes used on fishing boats and on souvenirs.
	1988–present	Flag of Vancouver Island	A Blue Ensign defaced with the great seal of the Colony of Vancouver Island. Used informally today.[111] This unofficial flag was designed in the 1980s to retroactively represent the colony (1849–1866). In 1865 the Crown gave colonies permission to place their badges on the fly of the Blue Ensign; thus vexillologists could argue that this flag is official.[112]
	1988–present	Flag of Western Canada	Originally used by the Western Independence Party, it was designed in 1988 ahead of the party's first election.

House flags of Canadian freight companies

Flag	Date	Use	Description
	1965–present	Canada Steamship Lines
	1958-1965
	1867-1958	Quebec Steamship Company and Canada Steamship Lines
	1944–present	Coopérative de Transport Maritime et Aérien	The project differs in different periods of the company's activity.
	1811–2019	Bowring Brothers
	1893–1953	Canadian Australasian Line
	1919–1986	Canadian National Steamship Company
	1887–2005	CP Ships
	19th–1967	Job Brothers & Co., Limited
	1910–1916	Royal Line

Yacht clubs of Canada

Burgee	Club
	Armdale Yacht Club
	Barrachois Harbour Yacht Club
	Bay of Quinte Yacht Club
	Bras d'Or Yacht Club
	Bronte Harbour Yacht Club
	Buffalo Canoe Club
	Dobson Yacht Club
	Etobicoke Yacht Club
	Northern Yacht Club
	Oakville Yacht Squadron
	Royal Hamilton Yacht Club
	Royal Lake of the Woods Yacht Club
	Royal St. Lawrence Yacht Club
	Royal Vancouver Yacht Club
	Royal Victoria Yacht Club
	Royal Canadian Yacht Club
	Royal Nova Scotia Yacht Squadron
	Windsor Yacht Club
	Queen's University at Kingston (College team)
	University of British Columbia (College team)

See also

• Canada portal

• Canadian Heraldic Authority
• Canadian heraldry
• Canadian royal symbols
• Great Canadian Flag Debate
• List of Canadian provincial and territorial symbols
• National symbols of Canada

Notes

1. The official blazon of the jack reads: "Argent senestré Azure on the Argent a maple leaf Gules on the Azure two dolphins naiant Or the lower one contourné."^[8]