List of Indian states and union territories by Human Development Index

The Human Development Index (HDI) is a statistical composite index of life expectancy, education (mean years of schooling completed and expected years of schooling upon entering the education system), and per capita income indicators, which is used to rank countries into four tiers of human development. A territory scores a higher level of HDI when the lifespan is higher, the education level is higher, and the gross national income GNI (PPP) per capita is higher.

As per United Nations Development Programme, India had a HDI of 0.434 in 1990, which steadily increased and reached 0.490 in 2000, and 0.572 in 2010.^[1] As per the latest report, the HDI climbed to 0.685 in 2023 from 0.676 in 2022, which placed India in the medium category and ranked it 130th out of 193 countries.^[2]

The various Indian states and union territories have significant variations in HDI. Goa had the highest HDI amongst the Indian states with Bihar ranking last.^[3]

UNDP

Rank	State/Union Territory	HDI (2022)[3]
High
1	Goa	0.760
2	Kerala	0.758
3	Chandigarh	0.751
4	Puducherry	0.741
5	New Delhi	0.734
6	Jammu and Kashmir	0.720
7	Lakshadweep	0.719
8	Himachal Pradesh	0.715
9	Sikkim	0.712
10	Mizoram	0.709
11	Andaman and Nicobar	0.706
Medium
12	Punjab	0.698
13	Haryana	0.696
14	Maharashtra	0.695
15	Tamil Nadu	0.692
16	Arunachal Pradesh	0.683
17	Manipur	0.683
18	Uttarakhand	0.681
19	Nagaland	0.679
20	Daman and Diu	0.674
21	Karnataka	0.673
22	Telangana	0.660
23	Rajasthan	0.652
24	Meghalaya	0.650
25	Gujarat	0.646
–	India	0.644
26	Andhra Pradesh	0.642
27	West Bengal	0.635
28	Chhattisgarh	0.625
29	Dadra and Nagar Haveli	0.624
30	Tripura	0.624
31	Assam	0.615
32	Madhya Pradesh	0.611
33	Orissa	0.610
34	Uttar Pradesh	0.609
35	Jharkhand	0.600
36	Bihar	0.577

Historical trend

Indian states by HDI (2006)

State	HDI[3]
	1990	1995	2000	2005	2010	2015	2020
North India
Chandigarh	0.636	0.632	0.628	0.655	0.639	0.725	0.745
Delhi	0.584	0.614	0.656	0.683	0.699	0.722	0.728
Haryana	0.471	0.501	0.542	0.584	0.625	0.678	0.689
Himachal Pradesh	0.485	0.525	0.583	0.638	0.658	0.696	0.709
Jammu and Kashmir	0.499	0.507	0.522	0.581	0.633	0.667	0.712
Punjab	0.502	0.532	0.572	0.608	0.648	0.695	0.692
Uttar Pradesh	0.398	0.423	0.455	0.496	0.526	0.568	0.603
Uttarakhand	0.627	0.626	0.620	0.647	0.631	0.655	0.675
West India
Dadra and Nagar Haveli	0.672	0.673	0.672	0.699	0.685	0.655	0.618
Daman and Diu	0.651	0.652	0.654	0.679	0.666	0.682	0.668
Goa	0.558	0.577	0.608	0.665	0.728	0.746	0.754
Gujarat	0.474	0.492	0.520	0.566	0.597	0.643	0.640
Maharashtra	0.498	0.521	0.551	0.596	0.636	0.672	0.689
Rajasthan	0.406	0.431	0.462	0.503	0.539	0.598	0.645
East India
Andaman and Nicobar Islands	0.686	0.685	0.684	0.712	0.697	0.714	0.719
West Bengal	0.443	0.468	0.499	0.532	0.564	0.613	0.628
Bihar	0.380	0.402	0.429	0.463	0.506	0.551	0.570
Jharkhand	0.563	0.559	0.554	0.579	0.564	0.577	0.593
Odisha	0.403	0.423	0.451	0.487	0.527	0.578	0.603
Northeast India
Assam	0.413	0.442	0.481	0.524	0.557	0.590	0.608
Arunachal Pradesh	0.442	0.467	0.496	0.528	0.632	0.655	0.675
Manipur	0.500	0.522	0.552	0.591	0.672	0.686	0.676
Meghalaya	0.461	0.465	0.470	0.526	0.611	0.641	0.643
Mizoram	0.532	0.543	0.563	0.624	0.676	0.689	0.703
Nagaland	0.539	0.530	0.516	0.550	0.651	0.671	0.672
Sikkim	0.546	0.542	0.542	0.585	0.625	0.684	0.705
Tripura	0.450	0.483	0.524	0.555	0.599	0.636	0.617
South India
Andhra Pradesh	0.428	0.446	0.472	0.524	0.571	0.623	0.635
Karnataka	0.448	0.474	0.511	0.559	0.597	0.652	0.667
Kerala	0.551	0.565	0.592	0.672	0.706	0.750	0.751
Lakshadweep	0.695	0.694	0.694	0.721	0.707	0.723	0.713
Puducherry	0.711	0.719	0.719	0.748	0.732	0.722	0.735
Tamil Nadu	0.476	0.500	0.536	0.593	0.638	0.662	0.685
Telangana	0.624	0.621	0.617	0.643	0.628	0.644	0.653
Central India
Chhattisgarh	0.563	0.559	0.553	0.578	0.563	0.586	0.618
Madhya Pradesh	0.408	0.427	0.452	0.493	0.528	0.577	0.605
India	0.434	0.458	0.490	0.532	0.572	0.619	0.638

MoSPI

The list is based on the 2018 report published by the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI) of Government of India.^[4]

Rank	State/Union Territory	HDI (2018)
High
1	Delhi	0.839
2	Chandigarh	0.827
3	Goa	0.806
4	Kerala	0.775
5	Sikkim	0.764
6	Himachal Pradesh	0.761
7	Uttarakhand	0.758
8	Puducherry	0.752
9	Maharashtra	0.750
10	Mizoram	0.747
11	Punjab	0.738
12	Tamil Nadu	0.738
13	Haryana	0.724
14	Andaman and Nicobar	0.707
15	Karnataka	0.706
16	Telangana	0.705
17	Meghalaya	0.704
Medium
18	Gujarat	0.698
19	Daman and Diu	0.695
20	Lakshadweep	0.687
21	Manipur	0.686
22	Arunachal Pradesh	0.684
23	Nagaland	0.678
24	West Bengal	0.674
–	India	0.672
25	Tripura	0.667
26	Dadra and Nagar Haveli	0.662
27	Jammu and Kashmir	0.663
28	Assam	0.651
29	Odisha	0.649
30	Andhra Pradesh	0.648
31	Rajasthan	0.638
32	Chhattisgarh	0.629
33	Jharkhand	0.618
34	Madhya Pradesh	0.616
35	Uttar Pradesh	0.592
36	Bihar	0.551

Historical trend

Legend
High   0.850–0.899   0.800–0.849   0.750–0.799   0.700–0.749	Medium   0.650–0.699   0.600–0.649   0.550–0.599   0.500–0.549	Low   0.450–0.499   0.400–0.449   0.350–0.399   0.300–0.349   0.250–0.299   ≤0.250	No information

• 1981 to 2011 HDI trend
• 
  1981
• 
  1991
• 
  2001
• 
  2007–08^[5]

Consumption-based

The data in the below table is based on the estimated consumption expenditure.^[5]

Rank	State/Union Territory	HDI (2007-08)
1	Kerala	0.810
2	Delhi	0.750
3	Himachal Pradesh	0.652
4	Goa	0.617
5	Punjab	0.605
6	Northeast India	0.573
7	Maharashtra	0.572
8	Tamil Nadu	0.570
9	Haryana	0.552
10	Jammu and Kashmir	0.542
11	Gujarat	0.527
12	Karnataka	0.519
–	India	0.513
13	West Bengal	0.492
14	Uttarakhand	0.490
15	Andhra Pradesh	0.473
17	Rajasthan	0.434
18	Uttar Pradesh	0.380
19	Jharkhand	0.376
20	Madhya Pradesh	0.375
21	Bihar	0.367
22	Odisha	0.362
23	Chhattisgarh	0.358

HDI indicators

Demographics (2022)^[6]

State or territory	Subnational HDI	Health index	Educational index	Income index	Life expectancy			Expected years schooling			Mean years schooling			Log Gross National Income per capita
					Total	Female	Male	Total	Female	Male	Total	Female	Male	Total	Female	Male
India	0.644	0.735	0.569	0.641	67.74	69.38	66.26	12.58	12.61	12.56	6.571	5.529	7.626	8.847	7.992	9.278
Andaman and Nicobar	0.706	0.789	0.624	0.714	71.26	73.62	69.57	13.12	13.49	12.74	7.800	7.451	8.136	9.344	8.433	9.789
Andhra Pradesh	0.642	0.741	0.534	0.668	68.19	69.93	66.88	12.66	12.71	12.63	5.476	4.542	6.457	9.027	8.155	9.467
Arunachal Pradesh	0.683	0.795	0.595	0.674	71.65	74.08	69.93	13.99	14.06	13.94	6.178	5.411	6.916	9.064	8.189	9.506
Assam	0.615	0.745	0.546	0.571	68.42	70.20	66.90	12.03	12.35	11.74	6.364	5.852	6.856	8.387	7.577	8.796
Bihar	0.577	0.702	0.497	0.551	65.65	66.83	64.24	12.16	12.00	12.47	4.783	3.339	6.357	8.253	7.456	8.655
Chandigarh	0.751	0.773	0.721	0.759	70.27	72.44	68.65	13.72	13.92	13.58	10.19	9.867	10.50	9.633	8.703	10.10
Chhattisgarh	0.625	0.725	0.546	0.617	67.13	68.64	65.67	12.56	12.99	12.14	5.899	4.681	7.096	8.688	7.879	9.111
Dadra and Nagar Haveli	0.624	0.751	0.521	0.621	68.80	70.66	67.26	11.01	11.55	10.61	6.467	4.971	7.626	8.718	7.876	9.143
Daman and Diu	0.674	0.788	0.568	0.683	71.24	73.60	69.56	11.23	11.67	10.85	7.686	6.668	8.545	9.125	8.244	9.570
Delhi	0.734	0.760	0.702	0.742	69.40	71.39	67.83	14.10	14.61	13.61	9.308	8.589	9.955	9.518	8.598	9.981
Goa	0.760	0.808	0.714	0.761	72.51	75.11	70.73	14.28	14.44	14.14	9.525	9.223	9.915	9.643	8.712	10.11
Gujarat	0.646	0.745	0.534	0.678	68.44	70.23	66.92	11.26	10.95	11.46	6.643	5.519	7.726	9.092	8.214	9.535
Haryana	0.696	0.739	0.631	0.721	68.03	69.73	66.53	13.67	13.85	13.46	7.542	6.302	8.715	9.381	8.475	9.838
Himachal Pradesh	0.715	0.765	0.667	0.717	69.73	71.78	68.14	14.07	14.61	13.52	8.296	7.494	9.195	9.355	8.451	9.811
Jammu and Kashmir	0.720	0.796	0.664	0.705	71.75	74.20	70.03	15.09	15.23	14.93	7.356	6.109	8.475	9.270	8.374	9.721
Jharkhand	0.600	0.721	0.529	0.565	66.84	68.28	65.39	12.48	12.57	12.43	5.486	4.080	6.946	8.346	7.540	8.752
Karnataka	0.673	0.767	0.585	0.681	69.88	71.96	68.28	12.88	13.03	12.73	6.808	5.905	7.736	9.112	8.232	9.556
Kerala	0.758	0.822	0.732	0.724	73.43	76.20	71.58	15.05	15.59	14.52	9.422	9.620	9.305	9.400	8.493	9.858
Lakshadweep	0.719	0.767	0.666	0.726	69.88	72.15	68.17	13.59	14.09	13.17	8.668	8.321	9.205	9.413	8.504	9.871
Madhya Pradesh	0.611	0.715	0.525	0.608	66.46	67.83	65.03	11.98	11.86	12.07	5.765	4.477	6.966	8.629	7.796	9.050
Maharashtra	0.695	0.771	0.637	0.684	70.12	72.26	68.51	13.51	13.41	13.54	7.862	6.893	8.815	9.132	8.250	9.577
Manipur	0.683	0.769	0.674	0.614	69.96	72.06	68.36	13.94	13.92	13.96	8.616	7.870	9.445	8.671	7.834	9.094
Meghalaya	0.650	0.744	0.590	0.624	68.34	70.10	66.82	13.42	14.13	12.74	6.529	6.571	6.536	8.737	7.893	9.162
Mizoram	0.709	0.766	0.653	0.713	69.82	71.89	68.23	13.39	13.42	13.30	8.441	8.267	8.655	9.327	8.426	9.781
Nagaland	0.679	0.765	0.632	0.647	69.75	71.81	68.16	13.45	13.87	13.05	7.738	7.387	8.086	8.888	8.030	9.321
Odisha	0.610	0.731	0.520	0.595	67.54	69.14	66.06	11.73	11.71	11.79	5.837	4.896	6.816	8.544	7.719	8.960
Puducherry	0.741	0.815	0.682	0.733	73.00	75.69	71.18	13.77	14.45	13.11	8.988	8.332	9.825	9.456	8.542	9.916
Punjab	0.698	0.748	0.616	0.738	68.60	70.42	67.07	13.07	13.66	12.53	7.573	7.215	7.936	9.489	8.573	9.952
Rajasthan	0.652	0.740	0.561	0.668	68.10	69.82	66.60	13.38	13.18	13.59	5.693	3.951	7.396	9.027	8.196	9.467
Sikkim	0.712	0.786	0.664	0.692	71.10	73.42	69.42	14.72	15.17	14.24	7.655	7.387	7.916	9.183	8.297	9.631
Tamil Nadu	0.692	0.778	0.626	0.679	70.54	72.76	68.90	13.43	13.87	13.00	7.593	7.000	8.286	9.102	8.233	9.545
Telangana	0.660	0.759	0.560	0.676	69.31	71.28	67.74	13.22	13.35	13.08	5.796	4.606	7.066	9.077	8.201	9.519
Tripura	0.624	0.722	0.566	0.594	66.94	68.41	65.49	12.54	12.34	12.84	6.519	5.927	7.116	8.538	7.713	8.954
Uttar Pradesh	0.609	0.699	0.540	0.599	65.46	66.60	64.05	11.89	11.73	12.06	6.302	4.896	7.716	8.571	7.743	8.989
Uttarakhand	0.681	0.734	0.627	0.686	67.72	69.36	66.24	13.24	13.56	12.94	7.769	6.614	8.965	9.148	8.265	9.594
West Bengal	0.635	0.765	0.551	0.606	69.70	71.75	68.12	12.47	12.95	12.02	6.147	5.465	6.836	8.619	7.787	9.039