List of Indian states and union territories by Human Development Index

This article lists the Human Development Index (HDI) rating of the States and union territories of India.

HDI is a composite index that takes into consideration health, education and income.

The national average HDI for India in 2008 was 0.467.^[1] By 2010, its average HDI had risen to 0.519.^[2][3] UNDP, the sponsor of the Human Development Index methodology since 1990, reported India's HDI to be 0.554 for 2012,^[4] an 18% increase over its 2008 HDI. The United Nations declared India's HDI to be 0.586 in 2014,^[5] a 5.77% increase over 2012. As for the year 2018, HDI for India stood at 0.645.^[6][7][8]

HDI (UNDP method)

This is a map of India showing the state HDI in 2023

The following values are estimates from 2023 calculated by United Nations Development Programme,^[9] According to the United Nations Development Programme's (UNDP) 2025 Human Development Report, India's Human Development Index (HDI) value increased to 0.685 in 2023, up from 0.676 in 2022. This improvement places India in the medium human development category and ranks it 130th out of 193 countries.

Rank	State/Union Territory	HDI (2023)
Very High Human Development
1	Goa	0.822
High Human Development
2	Kerala	0.798
3	Sikkim	0.795
4	Chandigarh	0.794
5	Delhi	0.793
6	Puducherry	0.776
7	Mizoram	0.766
8	Manipur	0.759
9	Himachal Pradesh	0.752
10	Nagaland	0.751
11	Lakshadweep	0.746
12	Arunachal Pradesh	0.745
13	Andaman and Nicobar Islands	0.743
14	Tamil Nadu	0.741
15	Maharashtra	0.739
16	Haryana	0.737
17	Jammu and Kashmir	0.736
18	Gujarat	0.727
19	Daman and Diu	0.724
20	Punjab	0.723
21	Karnataka	0.723
22	Uttrakhand	0.722
23	Telangana	0.705
Medium Human Development
24	Meghalaya	0.694
25	Tripura	0.691
–	India (average)	0.685 [9]
26	Assam	0.684
27	Andhra Pradesh	0.683
28	West Bengal	0.669
29	Rajasthan	0.661
30	Dadra and Nagar Haveli	0.657
31	Odisha	0.654
32	Chhattisgarh	0.653
33	Madhya Pradesh	0.646
34	Jharkhand	0.623
35	Uttar Pradesh	0.621
36	Bihar	0.609

HDI (NSC Method)

This Human Development Index (HDI) ranking presents a comparative overview of Indian States and Union Territories based on key development indicators: life expectancy, education, and income. The HDI is calculated using Life Expectancy at Birth, Expected Years of Schooling (EYS), Mean Years of Schooling (MYS), and GDP per capita (PPP). While the original UNDP methodology uses GNI per capita (PPP), this version uses GDP (PPP) to reflect region-specific economic output more accurately, owing to data availability at the sub-national level. Education indicators are derived from national sources like MoSPI and adjusted to match UNDP-style scaling. This list is intended for internal and comparative analysis within India; for global benchmarking, readers should refer to the official UNDP Human Development Reports.

Rank	State/Union Territory	HDI (2024)
Very High Human Development
1	Goa	0.851
2	Sikkim	0.832
3	Kerala	0.814
4	Delhi	0.811
High Human Development
5	Chandigarh	0.793
6	Puducherry	0.786
7	Lakshadweep	0.783
8	Mizoram	0.777
9	Maharashtra	0.768
10	Himachal Pradesh	0.758
11	Andaman and Nicobar islands	0.754
12	Jammu and Kashmir	0.753
13	Haryana	0.753
14	Tamil Nadu	0.753
15	Karnataka	0.752
16	Manipur	0.749
17	Uttarakhand	0.745
18	Nagaland	0.743
19	Telangana	0.740
20	Arunachal Pradesh	0.735
21	Punjab	0.725
22	Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu	0.717
23	Meghalaya	0.715
24	Gujarat	0.707
–	India (average)	0.700 [10]
Medium Human Development
25	Andhra Pradesh	0.695
26	West Bengal	0.694
27	Tripura	0.686
28	Rajasthan	0.686
29	Assam	0.685
30	Chhattisgarh	0.679
31	Odisha	0.666
32	Madhya Pradesh	0.664
33	Jharkhand	0.649
34	Uttar Pradesh	0.629
35	Bihar	0.613

• This HDI list uses the following indicators:
  • Life Expectancy at Birth (LE) – based on latest available demographic data.
  • Expected Years of Schooling (EYS) – adjusted using national education statistics.
  • Mean Years of Schooling (MYS) – sourced from official reports (e.g. MoSPI).
  • GDP per capita (PPP, ₹ converted to $) – used instead of GNI for regional availability.

Disclaimer: This list is based on Indian government sources and adapted for internal comparison between states and union territories. For official international comparisons, please refer to the Human Development Index rankings published by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).

Trends by UNDP reports

Human Development Index (by UN Method) of Indian states since 1990 (2019 revision).^[11]

State	HDI
	1990	1995	2000	2005	2010	2015	2019
Northern India
Chandigarh	0.635	0.635	0.630	0.658	0.643	0.737	0.759
Delhi	0.580	0.615	0.657	0.685	0.702	0.734	0.744
Haryana	0.471	0.501	0.543	0.587	0.628	0.689	0.704
Himachal Pradesh	0.484	0.526	0.584	0.641	0.661	0.707	0.717
Jammu and Kashmir	0.498	0.508	0.523	0.583	0.636	0.677	0.712
Punjab	0.501	0.533	0.573	0.69	0.651	0.706	0.707
Uttar Pradesh	0.398	0.423	0.456	0.498	0.528	0.577	0.603
Uttarakhand	0.627	0.626	0.621	0.650	0.634	0.666	0.684
Western India
Dadra and Nagar Haveli	0.672	0.673	0.673	0.702	0.688	0.665	0.631
Daman and Diu	0.651	0.652	0.655	0.682	0.669	0.693	0.674
Goa	0.557	0.578	0.609	0.668	0.731	0.758	0.765
Gujarat	0.474	0.493	0.521	0.569	0.599	0.654	0.650
Maharashtra	0.498	0.521	0.552	0.598	0.638	0.683	0.701
Rajasthan	0.406	0.431	0.463	0.505	0.542	0.606	0.650
Eastern India
Andaman and Nicobar Islands	0.685	0.685	0.686	0.714	0.700	0.726	0.719
West Bengal	0.443	0.468	0.500	0.534	0.567	0.622	0.636
Bihar	0.379	0.402	0.430	0.465	0.508	0.558	0.581
Jharkhand	0.562	0.560	0.555	0.582	0.567	0.585	0.600
Odisha	0.402	0.424	0.452	0.489	0.529	0.586	0.608
Northeastern India
Assam	0.412	0.442	0.482	0.526	0.560	0.599	0.609
Arunachal Pradesh	0.442	0.467	0.497	0.530	0.635	0.664	0.677
Manipur	0.499	0.522	0.553	0.593	0.674	0.698	0.691
Meghalaya	0.461	0.465	0.471	0.528	0.613	0.651	0.654
Mizoram	0.531	0.544	0.564	0.626	0.679	0.700	0.701
Nagaland	0.539	0.531	0.518	0.553	0.654	0.682	0.683
Sikkim	0.546	0.543	0.543	0.587	0.628	0.695	0.715
Tripura	0.449	0.483	0.525	0.557	0.602	0.646	0.640
Southern India
Andhra Pradesh	0.427	0.446	0.473	0.526	0.574	0.631	0.642
Karnataka	0.447	0.474	0.512	0.561	0.599	0.662	0.679
Kerala	0.550	0.565	0.593	0.675	0.709	0.763	0.766
Lakshadweep	0.694	0.694	0.695	0.724	0.710	0.735	0.728
Puducherry	0.711	0.720	0.720	0.750	0.736	0.734	0.739
Tamil Nadu	0.475	0.500	0.537	0.596	0.641	0.693	0.699
Telangana	0.624	0.621	0.618	0.646	0.631	0.654	0.658
Central India
Chhattisgarh	0.562	0.559	0.555	0.581	0.566	0.595	0.617
Madhya Pradesh	0.407	0.427	0.453	0.495	0.531	0.585	0.607
India	0.434	0.458	0.491	0.534	0.575	0.629	0.645

Trends by Indian National Development Reports

Compared with the previous Indian National Human Development Reports and the latest state-level government statistical report, India has significantly improved its HDI in all of its administrative subdivisions:

Legend
Very High/High Human Development Index   0.850–0.899   0.800–0.849   0.750–0.799   0.700–0.749	Medium human development index   0.650–0.699   0.600–0.649   0.550–0.599   0.500–0.549	Low human development index   0.450–0.499   0.400–0.449   0.350–0.399   0.300–0.349   0.250–0.299   ≤0.250	Lack of information

Human Development Index map for Indian states in 2006, as calculated by Government of India and UNDP India.^[12]

This is a list of Indian states by their respective Human Development Index (HDI), as of 2008.^[1] Kerala stands first in Human Development Index among the states in India.

• 1981 to 2011 Human development index in India
• 
  National Human Development Report 1981
  (1981 data)
• 
  National Human Development Report 1991
  (1991 data)
• 
  National Human Development Report 2001
  (2001 data)
• 
  National Human Development Report 2011
  (2007–2008 data)

Consumption-based HDI

There are many ways to calculate HDI, and its calculation is sensitive to base data and assumptions. Using another approach, UNDP India and Government of India calculated the HDI nationwide average to be 0.605 in 2006.^[13] This data was published by the Indian Government.^[1] Note that the 2007-2008 HDI values in the table below is not based on income as is the UNDP standard practice for global comparisons, but on estimated consumption expenditure – an assumption which underestimates the HDI compared to the actual value.^[14] Further, data was unavailable for the following union territories: Chandigarh, Lakshadweep, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Daman and Diu, Puducherry, and Dadra and Nagar Haveli.^[15][16]

Consumption-based HDI^[17] (2007–08) Indian states only

Rank	State/Union Territory	HDI
1	Kerala	0.810
2	Delhi	0.750
3	Himachal Pradesh	0.652
4	Goa	0.617
5	Punjab	0.605
6	Northeast India	0.573
7	Maharashtra	0.572
8	Tamil Nadu	0.570
9	Haryana	0.552
10	Jammu and Kashmir	0.542
11	Gujarat	0.527
12	Karnataka	0.519
–	National average	0.513
13	West Bengal	0.492
14	Uttarakhand	0.490
15	Andhra Pradesh	0.473
17	Rajasthan	0.434
18	Uttar Pradesh	0.380
19	Jharkhand	0.376
20	Madhya Pradesh	0.375
21	Bihar	0.367
22	Odisha	0.362
23	Chhattisgarh	0.358

Demographics

Custom set of indicators (2022)^[18]

	Subnational HDI	Health index	Educational index	Income index	Life expectancy	Life expectancy females	Life expectancy males	Expected years schooling	Expected years schooling girls	Expected years schooling boys	Mean years schooling	Mean years schooling females	Mean years schooling males	Log Gross National Income per capita	Log Gross National Income per capita females	Log Gross National Income per capita males
Total	0.644	0.735	0.569	0.641	67.74	69.38	66.26	12.58	12.61	12.56	6.571	5.529	7.626	8.847	7.992	9.278
Andaman and Nicobar Islands	0.706	0.789	0.624	0.714	71.26	73.62	69.57	13.12	13.49	12.74	7.800	7.451	8.136	9.344	8.433	9.789
Andhra Pradesh	0.642	0.741	0.534	0.668	68.19	69.93	66.88	12.66	12.71	12.63	5.476	4.542	6.457	9.027	8.155	9.467
Arunachal Pradesh	0.683	0.795	0.595	0.674	71.65	74.08	69.93	13.99	14.06	13.94	6.178	5.411	6.916	9.064	8.189	9.506
Assam	0.615	0.745	0.546	0.571	68.42	70.20	66.90	12.03	12.35	11.74	6.364	5.852	6.856	8.387	7.577	8.796
Bihar	0.577	0.702	0.497	0.551	65.65	66.83	64.24	12.16	12.00	12.47	4.783	3.339	6.357	8.253	7.456	8.655
Chandigarh	0.751	0.773	0.721	0.759	70.27	72.44	68.65	13.72	13.92	13.58	10.19	9.867	10.50	9.633	8.703	10.10
Chhattisgarh	0.625	0.725	0.546	0.617	67.13	68.64	65.67	12.56	12.99	12.14	5.899	4.681	7.096	8.688	7.879	9.111
Dadra and Nagar Haveli	0.624	0.751	0.521	0.621	68.80	70.66	67.26	11.01	11.55	10.61	6.467	4.971	7.626	8.718	7.876	9.143
Daman and Diu	0.674	0.788	0.568	0.683	71.24	73.60	69.56	11.23	11.67	10.85	7.686	6.668	8.545	9.125	8.244	9.570
Delhi	0.734	0.760	0.702	0.742	69.40	71.39	67.83	14.10	14.61	13.61	9.308	8.589	9.955	9.518	8.598	9.981
Goa	0.760	0.808	0.714	0.761	72.51	75.11	70.73	14.28	14.44	14.14	9.525	9.223	9.915	9.643	8.712	10.11
Gujarat	0.646	0.745	0.534	0.678	68.44	70.23	66.92	11.26	10.95	11.46	6.643	5.519	7.726	9.092	8.214	9.535
Haryana	0.696	0.739	0.631	0.721	68.03	69.73	66.53	13.67	13.85	13.46	7.542	6.302	8.715	9.381	8.475	9.838
Himachal Pradesh	0.715	0.765	0.667	0.717	69.73	71.78	68.14	14.07	14.61	13.52	8.296	7.494	9.195	9.355	8.451	9.811
Jammu and Kashmir	0.720	0.796	0.664	0.705	71.75	74.20	70.03	15.09	15.23	14.93	7.356	6.109	8.475	9.270	8.374	9.721
Jharkhand	0.600	0.721	0.529	0.565	66.84	68.28	65.39	12.48	12.57	12.43	5.486	4.080	6.946	8.346	7.540	8.752
Karnataka	0.673	0.767	0.585	0.681	69.88	71.96	68.28	12.88	13.03	12.73	6.808	5.905	7.736	9.112	8.232	9.556
Kerala	0.758	0.822	0.732	0.724	73.43	76.20	71.58	15.05	15.59	14.52	9.422	9.620	9.305	9.400	8.493	9.858
Lakshadweep	0.719	0.767	0.666	0.726	69.88	72.15	68.17	13.59	14.09	13.17	8.668	8.321	9.205	9.413	8.504	9.871
Madhya Pradesh	0.611	0.715	0.525	0.608	66.46	67.83	65.03	11.98	11.86	12.07	5.765	4.477	6.966	8.629	7.796	9.050
Maharashtra	0.695	0.771	0.637	0.684	70.12	72.26	68.51	13.51	13.41	13.54	7.862	6.893	8.815	9.132	8.250	9.577
Manipur	0.683	0.769	0.674	0.614	69.96	72.06	68.36	13.94	13.92	13.96	8.616	7.870	9.445	8.671	7.834	9.094
Meghalaya	0.650	0.744	0.590	0.624	68.34	70.10	66.82	13.42	14.13	12.74	6.529	6.571	6.536	8.737	7.893	9.162
Mizoram	0.709	0.766	0.653	0.713	69.82	71.89	68.23	13.39	13.42	13.30	8.441	8.267	8.655	9.327	8.426	9.781
Nagaland	0.679	0.765	0.632	0.647	69.75	71.81	68.16	13.45	13.87	13.05	7.738	7.387	8.086	8.888	8.030	9.321
Odisha	0.610	0.731	0.520	0.595	67.54	69.14	66.06	11.73	11.71	11.79	5.837	4.896	6.816	8.544	7.719	8.960
Puducherry	0.741	0.815	0.682	0.733	73.00	75.69	71.18	13.77	14.45	13.11	8.988	8.332	9.825	9.456	8.542	9.916
Punjab	0.698	0.748	0.616	0.738	68.60	70.42	67.07	13.07	13.66	12.53	7.573	7.215	7.936	9.489	8.573	9.952
Rajasthan	0.652	0.740	0.561	0.668	68.10	69.82	66.60	13.38	13.18	13.59	5.693	3.951	7.396	9.027	8.196	9.467
Sikkim	0.712	0.786	0.664	0.692	71.10	73.42	69.42	14.72	15.17	14.24	7.655	7.387	7.916	9.183	8.297	9.631
Tamil Nadu	0.692	0.778	0.626	0.679	70.54	72.76	68.90	13.43	13.87	13.00	7.593	7.000	8.286	9.102	8.233	9.545
Telangana	0.660	0.759	0.560	0.676	69.31	71.28	67.74	13.22	13.35	13.08	5.796	4.606	7.066	9.077	8.201	9.519
Tripura	0.624	0.722	0.566	0.594	66.94	68.41	65.49	12.54	12.34	12.84	6.519	5.927	7.116	8.538	7.713	8.954
Uttar Pradesh	0.609	0.699	0.540	0.599	65.46	66.60	64.05	11.89	11.73	12.06	6.302	4.896	7.716	8.571	7.743	8.989
Uttarakhand	0.681	0.734	0.627	0.686	67.72	69.36	66.24	13.24	13.56	12.94	7.769	6.614	8.965	9.148	8.265	9.594
West Bengal	0.635	0.765	0.551	0.606	69.70	71.75	68.12	12.47	12.95	12.02	6.147	5.465	6.836	8.619	7.787	9.039