List of Jewish diaspora languages

Main article: Jewish languages

This is a list of languages and groups of languages that developed within Jewish diaspora communities through contact with surrounding languages.^[1]

Afro-Asiatic languages

Cushitic languages

• Kayla^[2]
• Qwara^[3]

Semitic languages

Arabic languages

• Judeo-Arabic^[1]

• Judeo-Algerian Arabic
• Judeo-Andalusi Arabic †
• Judeo-Egyptian Arabic
• Judeo-Iraqi Arabic
  • Jewish Baghdadi Arabic
• Judeo-Levantine Arabic †
  • Judeo-Syrian Arabic
  • Modern Judeo-Palestinian Arabic^[4]
• Judeo-Moroccan Arabic
• Judeo-Tripolitanian Arabic
• Judeo-Tunisian Arabic
• Judeo-Yemeni Arabic

• Karaite Egyptian Arabic, based on old Egyptian Arabic^[5]

Aramaic languages

• Judeo-Aramaic^[1][6]

• Hulaulá (Persian Kurdistani Jewish Neo-Aramaic)^[7]
• Jewish Palestinian Aramaic †

• Galilean dialect †

• Lishana Deni (Zakho Jewish Neo-Aramaic)^[7]
• Lishan Didan (Persian Azerbaijani Jewish Neo-Aramaic)^[7]
• Lishanid Noshan (Arbil Jewish Neo-Aramaic)

Other Afro-Asiatic languages

• Judeo-Berber^[1] (a group of different Jewish Berber languages and their dialects)

Austronesian languages

• Judeo-Malay †

Dravidian languages

• Judeo-Malayalam^[1]

(both written in local alphabets)

Indo-European languages

Germanic languages

• Jewish English Languages
• Lachoudisch †
• Lotegorisch †^[8]
• Yiddish^[1]
  • Eastern Yiddish
  • Western Yiddish
  • Scots-Yiddish^[9]

Indo-Aryan languages

• Judeo-Gujarati^[10]
• Judeo-Hindustani^[11][12]
• Judeo-Marathi^[12]
• Judeo-Urdu †

Iranian languages

• Judeo-Bukharic (Bukhari, Bukhori, Judeo-Tajik)^[13] (with some city koinés, e.g., Judeo-Tajik koiné of Samarkand)
• Judeo-Golpaygani^[13] †
• Judeo-Hamedani^[13] (possibly extinct)
• Judeo-Kashani
• Judeo-Persian (Dzhidi, Jidi)^[13]
• Judeo-Shirazi^[13][14]
• Judeo-Tat (Juhuri)^[15]

Romance languages

• Judeo-Latin (extinct or evolved into Judeo-Romance languages)

• Judeo-Aragonese †(have some impact on Judeo-Spanish citylect of Skopje)^{[citation needed]}

• Judeo-Navarro-Aragonese with a significant Jewish koiné of Tudela †^{[citation needed]}

• Judeo-Asturleonese † (have some lexical traces in Judeo-Spanish)^{[citation needed]}
• Judeo-French (Zarphatic):^[1] a group of Jewish northern oïl languages and their dialects †
• Judeo-Portuguese^[1] (almost extinct, still preserved in small communities of Portugal, Northern Africa and the Netherlands)

• Judeo-Galician †^{[citation needed]}

• Judaeo-Catalan † (existence doubted)
• Judeo-Sicilian^[16] (including the zone of so-called Meridionali Estremi (Far Southern) dialects of Sicily, Calabria and Apulia, including Judeo-Salentino of Corfu) (extinct or almost extinct)^{[citation needed]}

Occitan

• Judeo-Gascon †

• Judeo-Provençal^[1] †
  • Judeo-Niçard †

Judeo-Spanish (Judezmo, Ladino)

Source:^[1]

• Haketia
• Tetuani

Judeo-Italian

• Judeo-Ferrarese † (Giudeo-Ferrarese) in Ferrara^[17]
• Judeo-Modenese † (Giudeo-Modenese) in Modena^[17]
• Judeo-Pitigliano/ Judeo-Pitgilianese † (Giudeo-Pitigliano/ Giudeo-Pitgiliananese) in Tuscany^[17]
• Judeo-Salentinian † (Giudeo-Salentino) In Salentino^[17]
• Judeo-Resan † (Giudeo-Resab) in the region of Reggio Emilia of Emilia-Romagna^[17]
• Judeo-Torinese † (Giudeo-Torinese) in Turin^[18]
• Judeo-Italian of Lugo Di Romanga † (Giudeo-italiano di Lugo Di Romanga) in Lugo Di Romanga^[19]
• Judeo-Italian of Moncalvo † (Giudeo-italiano di Moncalvo) in Moncalvo^[19]
• Judeo-Italian of Casale Monferrato † (Giudeo-italiano di Casale Monferrato) in Casale Monferrato^[19]
• Judeo-Italian of Finale Emilia † (Giudeo-italiano di Finale Emilia) in Finale Emilia^[19]
• Judeo-Roman (Giudeo-Romanesco) in Rome^[20]

• Bagitto/Judeo-Livornese † (Bagitto/Giudeo-Livornese) in Livorno^[20]
• Judeo-Florentine † (Giudeo-Fiorentino) in Florence^[20]

• Judeo-Venetian † (Giudeo-Veneziano) in Venice^[20]
• Judeo-Triestine † (Giudeo-Triestino) in Trieste^[20]
• Judeo-Veronese † (Giudeo-Veronese) in Verona^[20]

• Judeo-Reggiano † (Giudeo-Reggiano) in Reggio Emilia^[20]
• Judeo-Piedmontese † (Giudeo-Piemontese) in the region of Piedmont^[20]
• Judeo-Mantuan † (Giudeo-Mantovano) in Mantua^[20]

Other Indo-European languages

• Judeo-Czech (Knaanic)^[21][22] †
• Judeo-Greek (Romaniyot, Yevanic)^[1]

• Judeo-Sicilian Greek †^{[citation needed]}

• Judeo-Koiné Greek †

Kartvelian languages

• Judeo-Georgian^[1][23]
• Judeo-Mingrelian (first of all — so called Zugdidi–Samurzakano dialect of Mingrelian,^[24] e.g. Bandza and Senaki Jews in Western Georgia, but the tendency is to switch to Judeo-Georgian or to standard Georgian)^[23] (almost extinct)

Turkic languages

• Judeo-Azerbaijani (dialect of previously Aramaic-speaking Jews of Miyandoab)^{[citation needed]}
• Judeo-Crimean Tatar (Krymchak)^[25] (almost extinct)
• Judeo-Turkish^[26] (Influenced the Krymchak and some of Karaim languages, or even was the origin of some of them)
• Karaim^[1] (almost extinct, most likely a group of separate Turkic languages with Kypchak and Oghuz traces With Hebrew words)^{[citation needed]}

Creole languages

• Judaeo-Papiamento^[27]
• Judeo-Manado Malay †^[28]

See also

• Jewish languages