List of Jewish states and dynasties

This is a list of dynasties and states that have historically had ties to either ethnic Jews or their religion of Judaism.

States by region

Southern Levant

Further information: History of the Jews and Judaism in the Land of Israel

• Twelve Tribes of Israel, c. 1350-1047 BCE^[1]
• Kingdom of Israel (united monarchy), c. 1047–930 BCE^{[2][page needed]}
• Kingdom of Israel (Samaria), c. 930–720 BCE^[3]
• Kingdom of Judah, c. 930–587/586 BCE^{[4][page needed]}
• Yehud Medinata, c. 539–332 BCE^[5]
• Hasmonean dynasty, c. 140–37 BCE^[6]
• Herodian dynasty, 47 BCE – 100 CE
• Judean provisional government, 66–68 CE
• Bar Kokhba Jewish state, 132–135 CE
• State of Israel, 1948 CE–present^[7]

Wider Middle East

• Himyarite Kingdom, Yemen, 390 CE – 525 CE^[8]
• Nehardea, Mesopotamia, 18–33 CE (ruled by Anilai and Asinai of the Parthian Empire)
• Adiabene, Mesopotamia, c. 30–115 CE^[9]
• Mahoza Kingdom, Mesopotamia, 495–502 CE (established by Mar-Zutra II)
• Banu Nadir, Banu Qurayza and other Jewish tribes of the Khaybar, Saudi Arabia, unknown-628 CE.

Africa

• Kingdom of Simien, Ethiopia c. 960-1137 CE,^[10] legendary but Gudit was thought to have reigned 960–1000 CE following the collapse of the Kingdom of Aksum before the rise of the Zagwe dynasty in 1137 CE^[11]

Caucasia

• Khazar Kingdom, c. 750–950 CE (semi-nomadic Turkic state in the Caucasus whose ruling royal elite seems to have converted to Judaism, although the extent to which it was adopted by commoners is highly debated)^[12][13][14]
• Aba-Sava, Dagestan 1630–1800, a semi-independent Mountain Jewish polity and relatively autonomous Persian vassal located south of Derbent^[15]

Siberia

• Jewish Autonomous Oblast, Russia c. 1934 CE–present, one of the federal subjects of Russia.^[16][17][18]

Proposed

• Medieval French Jewish vassal state, 768–900 CE (purportedly established during the Reconquista)
• Brutakhi, early-13th-century Turkic polity whose Jewishness is debatable; possibly either a Khazar remnant state or Jewish splinter state from the Cuman-Kipchak Confederation

See also

• Jewish autonomism
• List of Hasidic Jewish dynasties
• Proposals for a Jewish state