List of candidates in the 2023 Dutch general election

For the 22 November 2023 Dutch general election, 26 electoral lists were successfully submitted, totalling 1,126 candidates.^[1]

Ballot of the 2023 Dutch general election.

Composition of the House of Representatives by parliamentary group:

  SP (5)

  GL-PvdA (25)

  PvdD (3)

  Denk (3)

  D66 (9)

  Volt (2)

  NSC (20)

  SGP (3)

  CU (3)

  CDA (5)

  VVD (24)

  FVD (3)

  BBB (7)

  JA21 (1)

  PVV (37)

The 150 seats were awarded to party lists, with candidates over the preference threshold awarded a seat first if available and the other seats awarded based on position on the list. The preference threshold for this election was 17,388 votes (25% of the electoral threshold). One candidate would have not been elected based on position on the list, but received enough preference votes: Daniëlle Hirsch (GroenLinks-PvdA).^[2] Replacements are also awarded based on position on the list.

Nederlandse Omroep Stichting published an analysis of the top 20 candidates for the 18 lists that (sometimes) received seats in polling.^[a] 61% of these candidates were male, 38% female and 1% non-binary. The province South Holland was overrepresented, while North Brabant and Gelderland were underrepresented. These candidates lived more often in urban areas. The average age of these candidates was 43 year. 18% had a migrant background.^[3]

1: People's Party for Freedom and Democracy

Candidate list for the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy^[4]

Position	Candidate	Votes	Result
1	Dilan Yeşilgöz	1,356,883	Elected[5]
2	Sophie Hermans	62,320	Elected[6]
3	Bente Becker	14,597	Elected[7]
4	Eric van der Burg	21,763	Elected[8]
5	Christianne van der Wal	7,456	Elected[9]
6	Ruben Brekelmans	13,902	Elected[10]
7	Eelco Heinen	3,159	Elected[11]
8	Aukje de Vries	7,124	Elected[12]
9	Roelien Kamminga	5,309	Elected[13]
10	Mariëlle Paul	2,704	Elected[14]
11	Silvio Erkens	6,472	Elected[15]
12	Queeny Rajkowski	3,289	Elected[16]
13	Thierry Aartsen	4,071	Elected[17]
14	Thom van Campen	2,879	Elected[18]
15	Judith Tielen	2,214	Elected[19]
16	Hester Veltman-Kamp	1,974	Elected[20]
17	Wendy van Eijk	5,900	Elected[21]
18	Ulysse Ellian	2,532	Elected[22]
19	Ingrid Michon-Derkzen	1,156	Elected[23]
20	Claire Martens	1,548	Elected[24]
21	Wim Meulenkamp	2,528	Elected[25]
22	Peter de Groot	1,515	Elected[26]
23	Arend Kisteman	1,561	Elected[27]
24	Daan de Kort	4,472	Elected[28]
25	Jacqueline van den Hil	3,545	Replacement[29]
26	Peter Valstar	3,611	Declined[30]
27	Harry Bevers	878	Replacement[31]
28	Martijn Buijsse	1,541	Replacement[32]
29	Rosemarijn Dral	2,990	Replacement[33]
30	Bart Bikkers	892	Replacement
31	Ruud Verkuijlen	534	Replacement
32	Simone Richardson	1,509	Replacement
33	Martin de Beer	2,132	Replacement
34	Pim van Strien	853
35	Jeroen Hartsuiker	981	Replacement
36	Hester Klein Lankhorst	909
37	Erik Haverkort	1,407
38	Chris Simons	696
39	Yvonne Bijenhof	1,380
40	Dieke van Groningen	3,926
41	Ellis Zeeuw van der Laan	706
42	Youri Volkman	585
43	Peter van Kessel	486
44	Hawre Rahimi	1,017
45	Bart Omlo	473
46	Remco Yizhak Cooremans	262
47	Mirjam Nelisse	980
48	Bas de Wit	1,391
49	Mirjam van Meerten-Kok	632
50	Barry Hoogezand	380
51	Mark Achterbergh	467
52	Hilde Wendel	1,589
53	Nupur Kohli	2,368
54	Ilona Klerks	837
55	Herre Dijkema	648
56	Anna Elkerbout	363
57	Dimitri van Rijn	280
58	Berend Aptroot	613
59	Lilianne de Regt	221
60	Jaap van Veen	239
61	Marjolein Vulpes	249
62	Jasper van Os	184
63	Ronald van der Klauw	177
64	Arash Rahmani	192
65	Rick Bouma	136
66	Anne van Berlo	633
67	Irma Talens	521
68	Rogier Bruin	378
69	Trudie van 't Hull-Bettink	646
70	Johan Gadella	228
71	Daan Vermeulen	299
72	Marijke van Noort-Cnossen	181
73	Monique Van der Sanden	208
74	Holger Rodoe	269
75	Cas Schollink	216
76	Ivo de Wolff	232
77	Yldau de Boer	265
78	Murat Yildirim	225
79	Hilda Mulder	938
80	Maarten van der Weijden	3,657
Total		1,589,519

2: Democrats 66

Candidate list for the Democrats 66^[34]

Position	Candidate	Votes	Result
1	Rob Jetten	437,371	Elected[35]
2	Jan Paternotte	19,645	Elected[36]
3	Hans Vijlbrief	10,067	Elected[37]
4	Anne-Marijke Podt	64,426	Elected[38]
5	Joost Sneller	2,094	Elected[39]
6	Ilana Rooderkerk	12,560	Elected[40]
7	Wieke Paulusma	12,771	Elected[41]
8	Hanneke van der Werf	9,840	Elected[42]
9	Mpanzu Bamenga	4,264	Elected[43]
10	Tjeerd de Groot	10,067	Replacement[44]
11	Marijke Synhaeve	11,066	Replacement[45]
12	Lisa van Ginneken	11,122
13	Salima Belhaj	5,989
14	Faissal Boulakjar	1,412
15	Fonda Sahla	1,795
16	Felix Klos	1,075
17	Hülya Kat	1,907
18	Sjoerd Warmerdam	580
19	Spencer Alberg	1,022
20	Alexander Hammelburg	548
21	Jieskje Hollander	2,257
22	Loes ten Dolle	580
23	Dorien Blommers	924
24	Carline van Breugel	1,997
25	Hans Teunissen	896
26	Meryem Çimen	1,261
27	Ouafa Oualhadj	615
28	Marvin Putuhena	304
29	Eelco Keij	731
30	Veerle Brink	778
31	Paul van Dorst	553
32	Gerben Wijnja	300
33	Margreet de Vries	458
34	Frank Schoonbeek	227
35	Mahjoub Mathlouti	107
36	Wiebe Ruttenberg	87
37	Joey Koops	364
38	Kiki Hagen	1,782
39	Gerben Hiemstra	154
40	Judith Keijmel-den Boer	511
41	Hilde Tjeerdema	507
42	Elze Woudstra	271
43	Anne-Lise Olsthoorn	191
44	Caecilia van Peski	524
45	Bonne van Hattum	198
46	Hind Dekker-Abdulaziz	580
47	Marco van Driel	420
48	Linda Ruijs	325
49	Pieter van der Gaag	82
50	Enrico Bosters	245
51	Donja Hoevers	163
52	Veerle Fleur van de Vijver	801
53	Pepijn Vemer	117
54	David Wallast	110
55	Elly André	406
56	Anne Wesseling	632
57	Remy Maessen	279
58	Monique Schoonen	228
59	Pepijn Pi Van de Venne	430
60	Marlou Jenneskens	1,130
61	Sander Janssen	175
62	Laura de Vries	249
63	Sumer Chaban	204
64	Ton Louhenapessij	126
65	Linda Nooitmeer	488
66	Jaimi van Essen	286
67	Joan Nunnely	253
68	Nazmi Türkkol	196
69	Peter van der Voort	76
70	Marcelle Hendrickx	303
71	Fleur Gräper-van Koolwijk	429
72	Franc Weerwind	210
73	Alexandra van Huffelen	1,119
74	Ernst Kuipers	682
75	Kajsa Ollongren	727
76	Robbert Dijkgraaf	3,247
77	Gunay Uslu	658
78	Alexander Pechtold	1,196
79	Jan Terlouw	1,176
80	Sigrid Kaag	5,028
Total		656,292

3: GroenLinks–PvdA

Common candidates in all electoral districts for the GroenLinks-PvdA^[46]

Position	Candidate	Votes	Result
1	Frans Timmermans	760,521	Elected[47]
2	Esmah Lahlah	217,787	Elected[48]
3	Jesse Klaver	149,437	Elected[49]
4	Kati Piri	39,245	Elected[50]
5	Lisa Westerveld	141,064	Elected[51]
6	Mariëtte Patijn	11,388	Elected[52]
7	Suzanne Kröger	25,711	Elected[53]
8	Julian Bushoff	13,992	Elected[54]
9	Tom van der Lee	3,561	Elected[55]
10	Songül Mutluer	8,711	Elected[56]
11	Laura Bromet	19,518	Elected[57]
12	Habtamu de Hoop	20,077	Elected[58]
13	Senna Maatoug	11,323	Elected[59]
14	Mohammed Mohandis	3,348	Elected[60]
15	Geert Gabriëls	8,034	Elected[61]
16	Joris Thijssen	1,871	Elected[62]
17	Kauthar Bouchallikht	12,879	Elected, but declined[63]
18	Barbara Kathmann	10,665	Elected[64]
19	Elke Slagt-Tichelman	10,333	Elected[65]
20	Mikal Tseggai	7,035	Elected[66]
21	Raoul White	3,192	Elected[67]
22	Anita Pijpelink	12,340	Elected[68]
23	Glimina Chakor	17,794	Elected[69]
24	Jimme Nordkamp	3,051	Elected[70]
25	Luc Stultiens	2,577	Replacement[71]
26	Marleen Haage	16,764	Replacement[72]
27	Daniëlle Hirsch	25,012	Elected[73]
28	Hayte de Jong	1,359
29	Jeroen Postma	1,166
30	Inge Oosting	8,587
31	Margreet de Boer	4,312
32	Jan Daenen	1,887
33	April Ranshuijsen	9,126
34	Eylem Köseoglu	8,525
35	Evelien van Roemburg	4,903
36	Abassin Nessar	1,116
37	Lyle Muns	1,254
38	Iris Vrolijks	5,491
39	Paul Smits	1,168
40	Mohamed Nabih	1,614
41	David Rietveld	243
42	Yasin Torunoglu	1,607
43	Eva de Bruijn	8,487
44	Eline Bosman	948
45	Charda Kuipers	2,006
46	Marlieke van Schalkwijk	2,271
47-50	Regional candidates
Total		1,643,073

Regional candidates (GL-PvdA)

Groningen, Leeuwarden, Assen, Zwolle

Regional candidates in Groningen, Leeuwarden, Assen and Zwolle for the GroenLinks-PvdA^[74]

Position	Candidate	Votes	Result
47	Romano Boshove	191
48	Eefke Meijerink	1,729
49	Verone de Vries	374
50	Yara Hümmels	1,563

Lelystad, Nijmegen, Arnhem, Utrecht

Regional candidates in Lelystad, Nijmegen, Arnhem and Utrecht for the GroenLinks-PvdA^[75]

Position	Candidate	Votes	Result
47	Jelmer Becker	754
48	Bram Leeuwenkamp	585
49	Valentijn Brinkman	168
50	Fenneke van der Vegte	1,420

Amsterdam, Haarlem, Den Helder

Regional candidates in Amsterdam, Haarlem and Den Helder for the GroenLinks-PvdA^[76]

Position	Candidate	Votes	Result
47	Giel van der Steenhoven	40
48	Rebekka Tselms	195
49	Paulien Gankema	345
50	Marjolein Moorman	8,085

's-Gravenhage, Rotterdam, Dordrecht, Leiden

Regional candidates in 's-Gravenhage, Rotterdam, Dordrecht and Leiden for the GroenLinks-PvdA^[77]

Position	Candidate	Votes	Result
47	Bas Bijlsma	135
48	Rembrandt Rowaan	267
49	Paulien van der Hoeven	440
50	Lianne van Kalken	1,006

Middelburg, Tilburg, 's-Hertogenbosch, Maastricht, Bonaire

Regional candidates in Middelburg, Tilburg, 's-Hertogenbosch, Maastricht and Bonaire for the GroenLinks-PvdA^[78]

Position	Candidate	Votes	Result
47	Lieke van Son	1,869
48	Anna-Lena Penninx	77
49	Hanneke Roozendaal	319
50	Frank van de Wolde	211

4: Party for Freedom

Candidate list for the Party for Freedom^[79]

Position	Candidate	Votes	Result
1	Geert Wilders	2,230,371	Elected[80]
2	Fleur Agema	117,255	Elected[81]
3	Rachel van Meetelen	8,023	Elected[82]
4	Gidi Markuszower	2,845	Elected[83]
5	Martin Bosma	47,189	Elected[84]
6	René Claassen	3,764	Elected[85]
7	Marjolein Faber	4,390	Elected[86]
8	Edgar Mulder	2,388	Elected[87]
9	Vicky Maeijer	2,547	Elected[88]
10	Teun van Dijck	557	Elected[89]
11	Alexander Kops	845	Elected[90]
12	Barry Madlener	693	Elected[91]
13	Léon de Jong	1,182	Elected[92]
14	Dion Graus	1,548	Elected[93]
15	Reinder Blaauw	1,867	Elected[94]
16	Raymond de Roon	477	Elected[95]
17	Emiel van Dijk	410	Elected[96]
18	Henk de Vree	425	Elected[97]
19	Max Aardema	2,317	Elected[98]
20	Martine van der Velde	2,498	Elected[99]
21	Patrick van der Hoeff	977	Elected[100]
22	Marco Deen	582	Elected[101]
23	Jeanet Nijhof-Leeuw	2,541	Elected[102]
24	Maikel Boon	693	Elected[103]
25	Jeremy Mooiman	866	Elected[104]
26	Dennis Ram	1,394	Elected[105]
27	Elmar Vlottes	706	Elected[106]
28	Peter Smitskam	240	Elected[107]
29	Eric Esser	1,313	Elected[108]
30	Willem Boutkan	331	Elected[109]
31	Vincent van den Born	386	Elected[110]
32	Patrick Crijns	953	Elected[111]
33	Peter van Haasen	439	Elected[112]
34	Marina Vondeling	1,589	Elected[113]
35	Jan Valize	594	Elected[114]
36	Hidde Heutink	846	Elected[115]
37	Joeri Pool	296	Elected[116]
38	Chris Faddegon	71	Replacement[117]
39	Nico Uppelschoten	393	Replacement[118]
40	Robert Rep	825	Replacement[119]
41	Folkert Thiadens	181	Replacement[120]
42	Annette Raijer	962
43	Roel van Bijnen	425
44	Alexander van Hattem	416
45	Gom van Strien	1,230
Total		2,450,878

5: Christian Democratic Appeal

Candidate list for the Christian Democratic Appeal^[121]

Position	Candidate	Votes	Result
1	Henri Bontenbal	279,272	Elected[122]
2	Eline Vedder	19,269	Elected[123]
3	Derk Boswijk	3,217	Elected[124]
4	Inge van Dijk	8,701	Elected[125]
5	Harmen Krul	2,618	Elected[126]
6	Hilde Palland-Mulder	2,818
7	Bart van den Brink	912
8	Marlou Absil	3,857
9	Hanneke Steen	1,817
10	Anne Kuik	1,980
11	Jouke Spoelstra	4,768
12	Evert Jan Slootweg	351
13	Saida Chaoui-Nhass	301
14	Jantine Zwinkels	1,004
15	Ralph Diederen	3,740
16	Sarath Hamstra	353
17	Easther Houmes	832
18	Chantal van den Berg	601
19	Jalt de Haan	701
20	Jenny Vermeer	786
21	Liesbeth van der Heide	561
22	Johan Goos	278
23	Paul Boogaard	211
24	Wieke Goudzwaard-Wiersma	524
25	René Segers-Hoogendoorn	210
26	Arjen Kier van Gijssel	543
27	Lennard Goudriaan	130
28	Mart van Lagen	160
29	Marieke van der Spek	559
30	Floris Out	441
31	Jacky Silos	173
32	Yusuf Tuncer	122
33	Chantal Broekhuis	88
34	Antoine van den Oever	86
35	Joba van den Berg	151
36	Antje Beers	605
37	Delano van Luik	212
38	Bart van Dekken	86
39	Stef Luijten	526
40	Harma Drost	135
41	Frank Buijs	136
42	Laura van de Giessen	328
43	Dani Bracke	464
44	Jan Joosten	228
45	Pien Meppelink	320
46	Robert van Dijk	109
47	Franko van Lankvelt	99
48	Arjen Siegmann	112
49	Lody van de Kamp	327
Total		345,822

6: Socialist Party

Socialist Party lead candidate Lilian Marijnissen (right) with the fourth candidate on the list, Jimmy Dijk (left), on 17 September 2023.

Candidate list for the Socialist Party^[127]

Position	Candidate	Votes	Result
1	Lilian Marijnissen	273,734	Elected[128]
2	Sandra Beckerman	15,988	Elected[129]
3	Bart van Kent	1,580	Elected[130]
4	Jimmy Dijk	2,633	Elected[131]
5	Michiel van Nispen	1,677	Elected[132]
6	Sarah Dobbe	4,629	Replacement[133]
7	Nicole Temmink	2,865
8	Mathijs ten Broeke	929
9	Jasper van Dijk	1,641
10	Bastiaan Meijer	556
11	Gerrie Elfrink	311
12	Jorge Wolters Gregório	840
13	Hans Boerwinkel	508
14	Remine Alberts	1,347
15	Harre van der Nat	252
16	Murat Memiş	1,037
17	Debbie van Dijk	841
18	Nina de Ridder	743
19	Jamila Yahyaoui	1,607
20	Bram van Boven	332
21	Thijs Coppus	170
22	Xander Topma	235
23	Tijmen van Wijngaarden	107
24	Theo Coşkun	563
25	Sebastiaan van den Hout	74
26	Niels van der Wijk	148
27	Inge Verdaasdonk	616
28	Lieke van Rossum	494
29	Kristie Rongen	209
30	Hans van Hooft jr.	303
31	Anne Cramer	221
32	Eduard van Scheltinga	69
33	Ger van Unen	257
34	Ruud Kuin	101
35	Dane Harris	90
36	Jan van der Veen	247
37	Simon Zandvliet	169
38	Alexandra Spanner	377
39	Madeleine Boer	123
40	Janet Ramesar	412
41	Mariska ten Heuw	388
42	Joost van der Sluis	53
43	Aldo Schelvis	262
44	Willem de Man	155
45	Anita Hendriks-Berg	602
46	Erik de Vries	235
47	Eelco Eikenaar	64
48	Jordy Clemens	369
49	Pierre Courbois	102
50	Renske Leijten	6,960
Total		328,225

7: Forum for Democracy

Candidate list for the Forum for Democracy^[134][135]

Position	Candidate	Votes	Result
1	Thierry Baudet	163,881	Elected[136]
2	Freek Jansen	3,456	Elected[137]
3	Gideon van Meijeren	45,361	Elected[138]
4	Pepijn van Houwelingen	5,608	Replacement[139]
5	Ralf Dekker	4,144	Replacement[140]
6	Lidewij de Vos	2,200	Replacement
7	Tom Russcher	246
8	Massimo Etalle	128
9	Andreas Bakir	971
10	Johan Dessing	162
11	Joyce Vastenhouw	142
12	Iem Al Biyati	234
13	Rebecca de Knegt	147
14	Peter Verstegen	133
15	Anton van Schijndel	38
16	Brigitte Antolini	79
17	Martin Bos	111
18	Pelle Koopman	66
19	Ramon van Asch	89
20	Marco van den Boomgaard	152
21-27	Regional candidates
28	Brent Hadderingh	36
29	Jelle Wittebrood	60
30	Tanay Bilgin	84
31	Gino Luurssen	98
32	Jozef Minkels	57
33	Theo Heller	42
34	Jelena Postuma	267
35	Vincent Vos	69
36	Moriah Hartman	43
37	Tommy Panis	54
38	Jasper van der Voort	52
39	Mark Nijman	90
40	Michael Wijngaard	60
41	Sem van Rij	48
42	Esmeralda van Run	24
43	Hans van de Breevaart	304
44	Regional candidates
45	Marcel de Graaff	71
46	Tom Zwitser	394
47	Joris van den Oetelaar	37
48	Simone Kerseboom	407
49	Paul Cliteur	319
Total		232,963

Regional candidates (FvD)

Regional candidates for the Forum for Democracy^[135]

Candidate	Votes	Position per electoral district
		1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20
Shahin Akasi	12									24
Marianne Akkermans-Linssen	21																		25
Leroy Alberts	25										25
Ted Baas	46	26	26
Seppe Bakker	26												26	26	26	23
Erny Bergman	19				25	26
Elias Bernard	16								24
Janco Bethlehem	44																	26	22
Yolande Boom	34																		21
Frank van Breukelen	33								21
Cynthia Brown	29														24
Samantha Bruinsma	8									26
Kees Claassen	25						23	23
Isabelle Claerhoudt	17																21
Karine De Potter	34					22
Albert van Dijk	35		21
Patty van Dinther-Spoek	51																	25	24
Jan Leonard Epema	106	21
Nanne Feenstra	49	23	23
Brian Geertshuis	43				23
Malou Genet	10									23
Yvonne de Graaff	22								23
Cirano van Haarlem	6								26	22
Babette Hak	33						22
Bren de Hartog	56								22
Lars Heuvelmans	46																			24
Hans Hodde	15					24
Erik Hoogzand	41														22						22
Philip van Houten	8												22	25
Nancy IJspeerd	46							22
Anita van Iperen	26						21	21
Jay Irfan	76												24	22
Sascha Jacobs	109																			21	21
N.J.M. Janssen	1																	24
Hylke Jellema	61	25	25
Ewald Kegel	8														25	21	26
Arjan Kleine	35			24
Nicolas Knoester	81																	23	23		23
Floris van der Knoop	5										24	25									25
Pim Kooke	71																	21		26	26
Dennis Korpel	32						25	25
Armin Krijgsman	42	24	24
Theo Kwakman	18											27
Anton de Lange	31	27	27	27	27	27	27	27	27	27	26		27	27	27	27	27	27		27	27
Maurien van der Linde	11															26
Ivy van der Linden	13												21	24
Thijmen Lindner	4																		27
Vera Lubbers	19			25
Rob Lute	42										22
Cathy van Manen	44						24	24
Fouad el Massoudi	19			26
Lambert van Meijeren	93						26	26
Claire Middelkoop	7									21		26
Giovanni Mierop	37														23
Walther Muurmans	12																			23
Bram Nab	59																		26	22
Liesbeth Niessink	21			22
Julia Olivier	3										27
Ardi Oostdijk	58												23	21
Daniel Osseweijer	17			23	26
Kevin Oudhuis	64		22
Ruby Pichel	36														21
Ksenija Provoost	24																23				24
Wouter Ravenshorst	48				22
Nic Redelinghuys	27												25	23
Remco Roelofs	23				21
David Schaap	71	44	44	44	44	44	44	44	44	44	44	44	44	44	44	44	44	44	44	44
Milan Schenk	50															22					44
Camille Scholtz	17								25
Nicole Seldenthuis-Jetten	103																			25
Simone van Slot	20					23
Thiemo Smit	51											21
Annelies Strikkers	60				24	25
Deborah Tollenaar	39										21	22
Andy van Veen	3									25
Hendrikus Velzing	64			21
Filine Verloop	35															24
Niels Visser	11																25
Angela Werner	26																22
Robin Westdijk	30															25
Kim Winkelaar	39	22
René Woensdregt	33					21
Marnix van Woudenberg	89																	22
Fred Zandee	16																24
Tim van der Zwaart	28										23	24

8: Party for the Animals

Candidate list for the Party for the Animals^[141]

Position	Candidate	Votes	Result
1	Esther Ouwehand	160,460	Elected[142]
2	Ines Kostić	15,232	Elected[143]
3	Christine Teunissen	7,722	Elected[144]
4	Frank Wassenberg	3,618
5	Eva Akerboom	7,064
6	Lammert van Raan	2,150
7	Martine van Schaik	4,359
8	Anna Krijger	9,142
9	Pascale Plusquin	2,143
10	Pieter Groenewege	670
11	Maarten van Heuven	576
12	Falco van Hassel	740
13	Rosalie Bunnik	1,528
14	Hanneke Schmeets	544
15	Kıvılcım Pınar	1,406
16	Malcolm Jones	696
17	Janette Bosma	3,329
18	Robert Barker	147
19	Kjell van Wijlandt	225
20	Jesseka Batteau	456
21	Jaap Hollebeek	206
22	Iris Dicke	593
23	Bart Salemans	481
24	Freek Bersch	150
25	Frank de Gram	249
26	Lotte Krediet	549
27	Dave de Vos	588
28	Myra van der Velde	413
29	Carla van Viegen	236
30	Leonie Gerritsen	396
31	Marjolijn Veenstra	318
32	Anne-Miep Vlasveld	763
33	Trees Janssens	460
34	Pinar Coşkun	909
35	Lester van der Pluijm	111
36	Siska Peeks	343
37	Cynthia Pallandt	524
38	Wesley Pechler	312
39	Janneke van Lierop	355
40	Vivianne Spruit	466
41	Bart Kuijer	101
42	Gaby Markandu	1,010
43	Joeri Oudshoorn	60
44	Radjan Hanoeman	408
45	Eileen Samshuijzen	500
46	Menno Brouwer	308
47	Suzanne Onderdelinden	295
48	Jaap Rozema	271
49	Sabrina van de Peppel	363
50	Xenia Minnaert	1,112
Total		235,148

9: Christian Union

Candidate list for the Christian Union^[145]

Position	Candidate	Votes	Result
1	Mirjam Bikker	158,057	Elected[146]
2	Pieter Grinwis	4,449	Elected[147]
3	Don Ceder	11,213	Elected[148]
4	Alwin te Rietstap	3,665
5	Joëlle Gooijer-Medama	4,950
6	Nico Drost	2,295
7	Tobias Holtman	947
8	Cora Otter-van den Bosch	1,273
9	Stieneke van der Graaf	10,498
10	Michel Klein	396
11	Carlijn Niesink	1,020
12	Jerke Setz	711
13	Christian van der Krift	486
14	Arjan Langen	284
15	Lizo Koppejan	549
16	Elly van Wageningen	413
17	Bert Tijhof	434
18	Wouter de Reus	270
19	Gaetan Mbwete	763
20	Mark Treurniet	352
21	Arend Palland	345
22	Bettelies Westerbeek	313
23	IJmert Muilwijk	170
24	Judith Westerink-Petersen	291
25	Ingeborg Dijkstra-Verbeek	332
26	Gert van den Berg	247
27	Alma Broekmaat-Hagens	266
28	Thera de Haan	241
29	Arjan Koerts	183
30	Annebeth Roor-Wubs	334
31	Jan Pieter Verweij	201
32	Ingrid Paalman-Dijkenga	194
33	Anil Kumar	144
34	Eva Kerklaan-van der Beek	218
35	Joël Visser	154
36	Lieuwe van der Pol	148
37	Antrude Oudman	195
38	Jarin van der Zande	181
39	Gilco Grandia	104
40	Sara van Oordt-Jonckheere	334
41	Bertus Cornelissen	164
42	Nathalie Nede	230
43	Jan Willem Schutte	134
44	Gerben van Dijk	241
45	Piet Adema	224
46	Frank Bosman	104
47	Eline Hoogenboom	438
48	Henk Stoorvogel	1,363
49	Reinier van den Berg	388
50	Beatrice de Graaf	1,626
Total		212,532

10: Volt Netherlands

Candidate list for the Volt Netherlands^[149]

Position	Candidate	Votes	Result
1	Laurens Dassen	97,999	Elected[150]
2	Marieke Koekkoek	38,747	Elected[151]
3	Ernst Boutkan	2,263
4	Imane Elfilali	10,900
5	Martijn Hagoort	798
6	Romy Frijters	7,296
7	Rens de Boer	1,240
8	Sanne van der Lugt	4,330
9	Bjorn Beijnon	1,459
10	Robin Twickler	4,284
11	Cankut Ercan	1,197
12	Julia Hamel	1,123
13	Willem van Ewijk	353
14	Sylvia van Laar	1,208
15	Michael Tai	332
16	Valérie Pajak	1,539
17	Floris Eigenhuis	598
18	Eveline Verbeek	1,274
19	Bart Hemmes	222
20	Dianne Elsinga	1,012
21	Sjoerd Dreteler	628
Total		178,802

11: JA21

Candidate list for the JA21^[152]

Position	Candidate	Votes	Result
1	Joost Eerdmans	53,675	Elected[153]
2	Annabel Nanninga	10,132
3	Simon Ceulemans	424
4	Elrie Bakker-Derks	1,137
5	Don van Doorn	215
6	Maarten Goudzwaard	539
7	Philippe Schyns	520
8	Kelly Uiterwijk	558
9	Ronald Dijksterhuis	223
10	Daniël van den Berg	218
11	Harry Omlo	279
12	Stijn Hesselink	233
13	Kevin Nuijten	149
14	Servaas Roos	198
15	Maryam Soltani	154
16	Leon Baten	50
17	Hans Kövi	52
18	Luuk Wilson	61
19	Thom van Vugt	83
20	Annemoon Wanders	164
21	Ilona Lodders	251
22	Bart Vos	94
23	Frank Kauffmann	186
24	Marco de Rijke	150
25	Geert Hoogendoorn	103
26	Cynthia Gordijn	333
27	Jorik Bloemenkamp	174
28	Jan-Willem Waitz	81
29	Alberto Veenvliet	86
30	Jan-Martin Koetje	166
31	Marc Buijs	37
32	Ronald Buijt	19
33	Martin Kersten	59
34	Gabe de Groot	72
35	Kishoor Hieralal	39
36	Roy Blijlevens	123
37	Marco Pastors	54
38	Simon Fortuijn	254
Total		71,345

12: Reformed Political Party

Candidate list for the Reformed Political Party^[154]

Position	Candidate	Votes	Result
1	Chris Stoffer	188,755	Elected[155]
2	Diederik van Dijk	5,776	Elected[156]
3	André Flach	3,030	Elected[157]
4	Nathanaël Middelkoop	5,491
5	Wouter Jan Vroegindeweij	1,414
6	Harry van der Maas	900
7	Henk van der Wind	1,507
8	Dick Both	632
9	Jan Kloosterman	557
10	Rody van Heijst	527
11	Adriaan van der Wulp	366
12	Harm Jan Polinder	533
13	Maarten Slingerland	421
14	Wim van Duijn	328
15	Leo Barth	268
16	Johnny Lukasse	410
17	Hans Tanis	269
18	Ewart Bosma	571
19	Geert Schipaanboord	283
20	Joost Veldman	142
21	Jan Hartog	223
22	Tom Koekoek	378
23	Leendert de Knegt	374
24	Gert van Leeuwen	214
25	Tom Bakker	218
26	Wim Kok	189
27	Steven van Westreenen	225
28	Peter Noordergraaf	183
29	Ardjan Boersma	176
30	Lubbert Talen	247
31	Rick van de Waerdt	112
32	Henk Bulten	183
33	Arnold Versteeg	424
34	Lambert Kisteman	97
35	Lourens van Bruchem	168
36	Bertrick van den Dikkenberg	127
37	Hendrik Herweijer	302
38	Gert van Laar	170
39	André Scheppink	210
40	Ruben van Heteren	105
41	Bernard van den Belt	166
42	Daniël van Iwaarden	174
43	Leendert van Tuijl	134
44	Arnoud Proos	352
Total		217,270

13: Denk

Candidate list for the Denk^[158]

Position	Candidate	Votes	Result
1	Stephan van Baarle	161,730	Elected[159]
2	Doğukan Ergin	15,428	Elected[160]
3	Ismail el Abassi	20,372	Elected[161]
4	Aalâa Alrubey	5,799
5	Emel Gün	3,735
6	Yıldırım Usta	3,456
7	Nancy Rijssel	1,432
8	Abdul Maroof	1,992
9	Yaw Mac Intosch	895
10	Mehmet Safranti	2,069
11	Can Bayrakci	1,278
12	Ibrahim Ghazi	2,362
13	Selim Özçelik	2,228
14	Ahmet Kaya	2,573
15	Ayşe Konuksever-Tekin	1,312
16	Omar Fkihi	691
17	Tahsin Çetinkaya	2,561
18	Erdoğan Şahin	542
19	Cemil Kahramanoğlu	322
20	Çaner Kaplan	345
21	Emma Manhoef	484
22	Celil Tan	352
23	Furkan Kondu	321
24	Iskender Şimşek	335
25	Funda Ileri	798
26	Hassan Buyatui	409
27	Mila van Burik	203
28	Nizaam Muradin	515
29	Ilker Delener	207
30	Safa Sodirijo	276
31	Aysel Ağirbaş	346
32	Ramazan Özcan	667
33	Juzoef Tangali	541
34	Ramzy Othman	865
35	Ahmet Yildirim	920
36	Naoufal Akhatab	782
37	Mounir Ben Touhami	838
38	Mustafa Bal	765
39	Şebnem Pancar	208
40	Salih Akça	331
41	Şeyda Dokgöz	364
42	Nur Icar	602
43	Sheher Khan	938
44	Mahmut Sungur	1,400
45	Süleyman Koyuncu	793
46	Faouzi Achbar	1,383
Total		246,765

14: 50PLUS

Candidate list for the 50PLUS^[162]

Position	Candidate	Votes	Result
1	Gerard van Hooft	31,254
2	Marc van Rooij	1,868
3	Janfrans Brouwers	1,100
4	Mieke Hoek	7,831
5	Ruud van Acquoij	710
6	Adriana Hernández Martínez	2,351
7	Jan Fonhof	460
8	Henk van Tilborg	629
9	Joop van Orsouw	280
10	Sander Faassen	467
11	Johan Hessing	294
12	Jörg Jablonski	121
13	Hans Bongers	212
14	Ad Franse	245
15	John van Loon	325
16	Frank de Kruif	124
17	Janwillem van Es	553
18	Robert Biever	163
19	Klaas Hamersma	395
20	Martin Hornis	316
21	Jan van Aert	180
22	Frans Vriens	131
23	John Voets	342
24	Jan Hendriks	692
Total		51,043

15: Farmer–Citizen Movement

Common candidates in all electoral districts for the Farmer–Citizen Movement (BBB)^[163]

Position	Candidate	Votes	Result
1	Caroline van der Plas	387,494	Elected[164]
2	Mona Keijzer	43,005	Elected[165]
3	Gijs Tuinman	5,834	Elected[166]
4	Henk Vermeer	2,526	Elected[167]
5	Lilian Helder	4,518	Elected[168]
6	Cor Pierik	2,181	Elected[169]
7	Claudia van Zanten	1,760	Elected[170]
8	Jean Rummenie	342
9	Nicki Pouw-Verweij	2,469	Declined[171]
10	Mariska Rikkers	2,656	Replacement[172]
11	Marieke Wijen-Nass	2,744	Replacement[173]
12	Martin Oostenbrink	281	Replacement
13	Jasper Rekers	862
14	Alexander Hendriks	417
15	Christine Govaert	1,784
16	Laurens van Vliet	959
17	Herma Hemmen	3,019
18	Kees van Vuuren	548
19	Saskia van der Meer	1,284
20	Kitty Stoop	703
21	Andrea van Veen	632
22	Jan-Sebastian van Lissum	167
23	Erik Stegink	2,032
24	Florian Huiskamp	1,096
25	Derk Jan Eppink	552
26	Regional candidates	449
27	Nils Berghout	190
28	Gerlof Roubos	559
29	Jordy Evers	342
30	Marcel Sijbolts	342
31	Willem Poppe	430
32	Jan Swaag	526
33	Derk-Evert Waalkens	885
34	Ines de Ridder	457
35	Wim Jaspers	812
36	Eric Floors	132
37	Joke Luitwieler-Bosma	304
38	Inge Rood	350
39	Madelon van Noort	202
40	Koos Cromwijk	351
41	Jeroen van Wijk	250
42	Lianne Bos-Zandstra	559
43	Nicole Egelmeers	447
44	Ad Baltus	288
45	Petra van der Wereld-Verkerk	217
46	Loretta Schoone	343
47	Jo Spätgens	330
48	Duncan Zeedzen	135
49-50	Regional candidates
Total		485,551

Regional candidates (BBB)

Regional candidates for the Farmer–Citizen Movement^[163]

Candidate	Votes	Position per electoral district
		1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20
Niels Beijers	87					49
Joost Bleiji	93															50
Sander Bouma	511		49
Dirk Buis	423																		50
Ellis Bulk	5												49
Werner Eussen	79																			49
Monique Flipsen-Verhagen	296																	50
Annemieke de Haan	126														49	49
Haidy Hankers	449	26	26	26	26	26	26	26	26	26	26	26	26	26	26	26	26		26	26	26
Hans Hartholt	114				49													26
Marco Havermans	224																	49
Walter Hellebrand	105									49											49
John Huizing	289																			50
Mariëlle de Jong	110													49
Siddartha Karaya	95								50
Gina Kattenberg	97									50	50
Sebastiaan Keijmel	115																49
Klaas Kiewiet	188	49
Cees Kramer	46										49
Dik Kruijthoff	165												50	50	50
Petra van Kuilenberg	186						49
Evert Lassche	162											49
Robbert Lievense	180																50
Tim van der Mark	251											50
Gouke Moes	200	50
Joost Olthof	856							49
Harry Schuiling	199			49
Hugo Smink	75								49
Auke Talsma	496		50
Richard Vedder	206					50	50	50
Robert Verhulst	184																		49
Robbert Wielink	209			50
Sanne Winkels	284				50

16: BIJ1

Candidate list for the BIJ1^[174]

Position	Candidate	Votes	Result
1	Edson Olf	16,906
2	Lisa McCray	9,495
3	Latifa Salmi	3,476
4	Grace Courtar	1,423
5	Evita de Miranda	1,524
6	Liyah Park Berend	3,364
7	Yvette Luhrs	1,297
8	Yuval Gal	344
9	Jesse ten Caat	150
10	Joana Zandee	919
11	Dylan Lennox Bakker	431
12	Renske Wienen	915
13	D. Bijleveld	1,390
14	Romana Vrede	1,499
15	Rebekka Timmer	1,120
Total		44,253

17: Pirate Party–The Greens

Candidate list for the Pirate Party–The Greens^[175]

Position	Candidate	Votes	Result
1	Mark van Treuren	4,551
2	Saira Sadloe	1,456
3	Reina van Zwoll	526
4	Matthijs Pontier	1,456
5	Wietze Brandsma	148
6	Otto ter Haar	112
7	Kirsten Zimmerman	222
8	Mirjam van Rijn	183
9	Paul Berendsen	26
10	Sepehr Yadegari	61
11	Angeline Pot	169
12	Danny Werner	20
13	David van Deijk	144
14	Steven Russchenberg	35
15	Dylan Hallegraeff	73
16	Arjan Bresser	110
17	Astrid Abendroth	81
18	Pejman Darvish-Zadeh	43
19	Dmitri Schrama	45
20	Leontien Werner-Wafelman	71
21	Branislav Plesa	30
22	Edy Bouma	51
23	Catharina Bethlehem	154
24	Stefan Dekkers	41
25	Teunis van Nes	39
26	André Linnenbank	37
27	Peter Braun	68
28	Rijndert Doting	9
29	Nico Teders	16
30	Tom Bakkers	20
31	Jaap van Gelderen	19
32	Jaap van Till	56
33	Wies van Breemen	52
34	Metje Blaak	165
Total		9,117

18: Interest of the Netherlands

Candidate list for the Interest of the Netherlands^[176]

Position	Candidate	Votes	Result
1	Wybren van Haga	37,472
2	Henk Krol	1,472
3	Sieta van Keimpema	4,284
4	René Dercksen	166
5	Nynke Koopmans - van der Veen	977
6	Roy van Aalst	240
7	Imke Emons	634
8	Shohreh Shahbazi Fishtali	557
9	Arjan de Kok	74
10	Hans van Tellingen	252
11	Peter van der Velden	153
12	Yernaz Ramautarsing	173
13	Carmen Bosscher	317
14	Harry Wijnschenk	81
15	Sven-Åke Hulleman	1,756
16	Arjen Schuiling	119
17	Tjitske Aline van der Veen	126
18	Patrick Schilder	178
19	Siebe Jan Vogelzang	74
20	Robert Pestman	205
21	Stefanie Vulders	262
22	Daniëlle van der Wiele	75
23	Robert Brunke	102
24	Mirjam Gorter-de Vos	109
25	Elbert van Dalen	89
26	Kevin Wiersma	46
27	Pascal van Kassel	33
28	Grite Wymenga-Kooistra	70
29	Saul Jonk	33
30	Cor Zuidema	46
31	Camiel van der Meeren	43
32	Charlotte Marie Mensing	111
33	Frederique Durlacher	68
34	Iwan Dienjes	84
35	Maikel de Bekker	31
36	Onno Laarhoven	33
37	Roos Eradus	55
38	Roel Westhoff	115
39	Marco Beverloo	34
40	Meindert van Buuren	53
41	Alistair Overeem	852
42	Frederike Thiessens	115
43	Arjan Brouwer	55
44	Toine Manders	218
45	Bas Filippini	59
46	Willy Verweij	53
47	Rob Elens	415
48	Marcus Rolloos	24
49	Johan Talsma	71
50	Hans Smolders	249
Total		52,913

19: New Social Contract

Candidate list for the New Social Contract^[177]

Position	Candidate	Votes	Result
1	Pieter Omtzigt	1,203,181	Elected[178]
2	Nicolien van Vroonhoven-Kok	44,045	Elected[179]
3	Judith Uitermark	10,895	Elected[180]
4	Caspar Veldkamp	2,386	Elected[181]
5	Sandra Palmen	7,577	Elected[182]
6	Eddy van Hijum	3,457	Elected[183]
7	Aant-Jelle Soepboer	10,161	Elected[184]
8	Agnes Joseph	2,348	Elected[185]
9	Jesse Six Dijkstra	1,658	Elected[186]
10	Merlien Welzijn	3,496	Elected[187]
11	Wytske Postma	1,169	Elected[188]
12	Femke Zeedijk-Raeven	5,197	Elected[189]
13	Folkert Idsinga	504	Elected[190]
14	Daniëlle Jansen	6,188	Elected[191]
15	Tjebbe van Oostenbruggen	525	Elected[192]
16	Isa Kahraman	3,357	Elected[193]
17	Rosanne Hertzberger	4,613	Elected[194]
18	Faith Bruyning	1,529	Elected[195]
19	Olger van Dijk	838	Elected[196]
20	Harm Holman	1,378	Elected[197]
21	Diederik Boomsma	1,316	Replacement[198]
22	Annemarie Heite	6,457	Replacement[199]
23	Ilse Saris	6,082	Replacement[200]
24	Natascha Wingelaar	4,923	Replacement[201]
25	Willem Koops	213	Replacement[202]
26	Nora Achahbar	1,373
27	Sander van Waveren	180	Replacement[203]
28	Ria de Korte	656	Replacement[204]
29	Nathaly Boelhouwer	721
30	Marco Schouten	172
31	Bram Kouwenhoven	144	Replacement
32	Vincent Verouden	99
33	Bart-Jan Heine	834
34	Simon Pouwelse	247
35	Margreet de Leeuw-Jongejans	1,066
36	Ingrid Hartog	392
37	Ronald van Bruchem	254
38	Marcel van de Ven	97
39	Esmée de Neijs	717
40	Wahhab Hassoo	701
41	Annemarie Graafland-van Duijn	859
42	Marinus den Hartogh	467
43	Rob Wessels	270
44	Simon Geleijnse	545
Total		1,343,287

20: Splinter

Candidate list for Splinter^[205]

Position	Candidate	Votes	Result
1	Femke Merel van Kooten-Arissen	9,461
2	Nienke Ipenburg	1,029
3	Thijs Bogers	186
4	Jeroen Vos	168
5	Marcel Jansma	72
6	Niek Mu'ayyed Mir-Damádi	92
7	Novella Rasenberg	314
8	Paul Janssen	73
9	Yasmine van der Weide	184
10	Eduard Wehnes	58
11	Ralph de Backer	36
12	Anne Hoedeman	158
13	Bryan Rechards	39
14	Jeroen Weyers	106
15	Gilia van Dam	97
16	Jean-Christophe Abrahams	38
17	Dick Kuin	22
18	Marie Claire Gerritsen	31
19	Laura Leijendekkers	61
20	Tycho de Ruiter	106
21	Gerard Pijnenburg	46
22	Marise Schot	60
23	Nora Ezendam	54
24	Laura Peeters	82
25	Dion de Groot	15
26	Magda van den Heuvel-Łuczycki	38
27	Patrick Bruijstens	14
28	Marvin Keizer	29
29	Tijmen Gol	21
30	Tom de Koning	40
31	Ingrid Keyser	108
Total		12,838

21: Libertarian Party

Candidate list for the Libertarian Party^[206]

Position	Candidate	Votes	Result
1	Tom van Lamoen	2,953
2	Bart Burggraaf	127
3	Pasqual Verhagen	121
4	Johan Zijlstra	43
5	Jip Meijer	52
6	Tom Huijs	51
7	Simone Pailer	322
8	Lex Loman	36
9	Gerard van den Brink	33
10	Quintus Backhuijs	64
11	Pallieter Koopmans	26
12	Klaas Wassenaar	51
13	Martijn Noortman	27
14	Pieter Visser	32
15	Rody Mens	69
16	Mik Brokke	16
17	Rik Kleinsmit	35
18	Peter Hartkamp	38
19	Erik Vermeulen	56
Total		4,152

22: LEF – For the New Generation

Candidate list for the LEF – For the New Generation^[207]

Position	Candidate	Votes	Result
1	Daniël van Duijn	2,104
2	Nuria Zantman	1,340
3	Zoë Neijts	372
4	Madelief Wijnker	291
5	Jip Bloem	104
6	Rogier van Westerlaak	29
7	Yumiko van Diest	80
8	Wail Kherrazi	55
9	Iva Pont	74
10	Didier Torres Noordenbos	25
11	Manu Gunning	33
12	Mar Berends	43
13	Leia Pickkers	77
14	Shirley Sjiem-Fat	81
15	Pieter Hulst	30
16	Linda Bijl	60
17	Merlijn Twaalfhoven	60
18	Niraï Melis	70
19	Britte van Die	79
20	Martin van Rooij	115
Total		5,122

23: Together for the Netherlands

Candidate list for the Together for the Netherlands^[208]

Position	Candidate	Votes	Result
1	Michael Reijinga	2,497
2	Samira You-ala	691
3	Welmer ten Seldam	83
4	Denzel Olde Kalter	69
5	Mark Verspeek	110
6	Jan Huzen	582
7	Laurens Buijs	39
8	Nathalie Vaneker	205
9	Micha Kuiper	53
10	Vincent Berndsen	21
11	Martijn Bosman	64
12	Daniël van den Berg	69
13	Joop Dekker	47
14	Mandy Seijffert-Wubbels	68
15	Robert Korving	29
16	Bianca Wagt	66
17	Daniëla van der Pluijm	56
18	Melissa Verspeek	63
19	Marwin Ebbers	23
20	Brigitte Timmer	57
21	Marco Ijben	34
22	Sharon Bink	54
23	Frederik Roebersen	49
24	Ria Ottenhof	65
25	Arian Honders	38
26	Alicia Huijing	46
27	Elizabeth Heesterman	53
28	Eric Zwijnenburg	94
Total		5,325

24: Netherlands with a Plan

Candidate list for the Netherlands with a Plan^[209]

Position	Candidate	Votes	Result
1	Kok Chan	3,399
2	Michèle Hogeweg	636
3	René Groeneveld	112
4	Kimbel Bouwman	58
5	Serge Lutgens	53
6	Ricky Bakker	56
7	Lili Dong	295
8	Maureen Riley	120
9	Shirley Chan	102
10	Yong Cai	339
11	Daniel Bosch	23
12	Weixiong Fan	39
13	Vincent Adolfse	25
14	Jocelyn Cao	71
15	Cheong Yi Lee	18
16	Mohamed Aabidi	20
17	Michael Chang	121
Total		5,487

25: Party for Sports

Candidate list for the Party for Sports^[210]

Position	Candidate	Votes	Result
1	Anne Marie van Duivenboden	2,470
2	Armand van der Smissen	165
3	Danny van Brussel	113
4	Gert-Jan Liefers	237
5	Wiel Ladeur	87
6	Maurits Bijl	56
7	Daniela Stols-Gonçalves	198
8	Erik Alexander Kempenaar	41
9	Esther Devilee	153
10	Robert Maaskant	446
Total		3,966

26: Political Party for Basic Income

Candidate list for the Political Party for Basic Income^[211]

Position	Candidate	Votes	Result
1	Sepp Hanen	536
2	Ludovic van Mierlo	47
3	Susan Delsing	159
4	Reginald Diepenhorst	15
5	Eric Binsbergen	32
6	Ron Smit	20
7	Marc Veeger	13
8	Edgar van der Staaij	18
9	Raymond Karremann Hanen	25
10	Dennis Rosenbaum	26
11	Sijbren Sijtsma	147
Total		1,038

See also

• List of members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands, 2023–present

Sources

• Kiesraad (4 December 2023a). "Model P 22-1: Proces-verbaal van de uitslag van de verkiezing van de Tweede Kamer der Staten-Generaal" (PDF) (in Dutch). Retrieved 19 August 2024.

Notes

1. The 18 parties were: BBB, BIJ1, BVNL, CDA, Christian Union, D66, Denk, Forum for Democracy, GroenLinks/PvdA, JA21, NSC, Party for the Animals, PVV, SGP, SP, Volt, VVD en 50PLUS