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List of United States federal judges by longevity of service

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These are lists of Article III United States federal judges by longevity of service. Senate confirmation along with presidential appointment to an Article III court entails a lifelong appointment, unless the judge is impeached, resigns, retires, or assumes senior status. Such courts include the Supreme Court (since 1789), courts of appeals (since 1891), district courts (since 1789), and the Court of International Trade (since 1980), as well as the defunct circuit courts (1801–1911), Supreme Court of the District of Columbia (1863–1936), Court of Claims (1953–1982), Customs Court (1956–1980), and Court of Customs and Patent Appeals (1958–1982). They include neither Article I courts (e.g., Tax Court, Court of Federal Claims, bankruptcy courts) nor Article IV courts (territorial courts).

The lists measure length of service beginning with the date of presidential appointment, either the date on which the president signed the judge's commission or (as noted) the date of an earlier recess appointment. This date frequently differs from the date on which the judge took their oath of office. Separate lists are maintained for active service, during which a judge will normally maintain a full caseload, as well as for total service, combining active service and senior service. The caseload of a senior judge may range from full to inactive.[1][2] Data on judges' dates of service is maintained by the Federal Judicial Center.[3]

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Combined Article III court service

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Lists of the 100 longest-serving judges by active service and total service, combining their service across all levels of Article III courts:[3]

Active service

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Total service

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Supreme Court

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Lists of the 25 longest-serving justices of the Supreme Court by active service and total service follow.[3] Their tenures generally differ from those found at list of United States Supreme Court justices by time in office by several days, as that page uses a justice's oath of office, rather than their date of commission, as their start date.[6] Justices of the Supreme Court who have assumed senior status cannot hear Supreme Court cases, but may hear cases on lower courts.[7]

Active service

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Total service

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Courts of appeals

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Lists of the 50 longest-serving judges of the courts of appeals by active service and total service follow.[3] These lists do not include service on the circuit courts that preceded the courts of appeals as intermediate-level federal courts.[e]

Active service

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Total service

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District courts

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Lists of the 100 longest-serving judges of the district courts by active service and total service:[3]

Active service

More information Rank, Judge ...

Total service

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Notes

  1. Recess appointment.
  2. As chief judge.
  3. Rich joined the C.C.P.A. on July 19, 1956, giving him a total tenure of 42 years, 325 days. However, in 1929, the C.C.P.A. was determined by the Supreme Court to be an Article I court, and it was not designated as an Article III court until August 25, 1958.[4][5]
  4. Circuit judges whose active service exceeded the minimum on the active service table include Judges Cranch, Morsell, and Thruston of the United States Circuit Court of the District of Columbia and Pardee of the Fifth Circuit, as shown on the "Combined Article III court service" table above, and Judge Emile Henry Lacombe of the Second Circuit, who served 28 years, 265 days from his recess appointment to the circuit court on May 26, 1887 to his resignation from the court of appeals on February 15, 1916.
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See also

References

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