List of active separatist movements in South America

This is a list of currently active separatist movements in South America. Separatism includes autonomism and secessionism.

Criteria

What is and is not considered an autonomist or secessionist movement is sometimes contentious. Entries on this list must meet three criteria:

1. They are active movements with active members.
2. They are seeking greater autonomy or self-determination for a geographic region (as opposed to personal autonomy).
3. They are citizens/people of the conflict area and do not come from another country.

Under each region listed is one or more of the following:

• De facto state (de facto entity): for unrecognized regions with de facto autonomy. (Excluding Uncontacted peoples)
• Proposed state: proposed name for a seceding sovereign state.
• Proposed autonomous area: for movements towards greater autonomy for an area but not outright secession.
  • De facto autonomous government: for governments with de facto autonomous control over a region.
  • Government-in-exile: for a government based outside of the region in question, with or without control.
  • Political party (or parties): for political parties involved in a political system to push for autonomy or secession.
  • Militant organisation(s): for armed organisations.
  • Advocacy group(s): for non-belligerent, non-politically participatory entities.
  • Ethnic/ethno-religious/racial/regional/religious group(s).

Argentina

Mendoza^[1]

• Proposed state: Mendoza^[2][3]
  • Advocacy group: Éxito^[2][3]

Wallmapu

Main article: Mapuche conflict

• Proposed state: Wallmapu^[4][5]
  • Advocacy groups: Consejo de Todas las Tierras,^[4] Resistencia Ancestral Mapuche,^[5] Coordinadora Arauco-Malleco

Patagonia

• Proposed state: Patagonia
  • Advocacy group: Movimiento Independentista Patagónico^[4][6][7]

Río Negro Province^[8]

• Proposed autonomous area: Rio Negro Province
  • Political Party: Together We Are Río Negro
  • Ethnic group: Tehuelche people and Mapuche

Brazil

São Paulo

• Proposed state: Republic of São Paulo
  • Advocacy group: Movimento São Paulo Independente,^[9][10] Movimento República de São Paulo^[11]

Bahia

• Proposed state: Bahia^[12]
  • Advocacy group: Movimento República da Bahia

South Region

• Proposed state: South Region
  • Advocacy group: The South Is My Country

Northeast Region

• Proposed state: Northeast Region
  • Advocacy group: Nordeste Independente^[13][14]

North Region

• Proposed state: Republic of the Peoples of the Amazon
  • Advocacy group: Movimento Amazônia Independente^[14][15]

Pernambuco

• Proposed state: Republic of Pernambuco
  • Advocacy group: Grupo de Estudo e Avaliação de Pernambuco Independente^[16][17]

Rio de Janeiro

• Proposed state: Rio de Janeiro
  • Advocacy group: Movimento O Rio é o Meu País^[18][19]

Republic of Pampa

Further information (in Portuguese): Republic of Pampa ^[pt]

• Proposed state: Republic of Pampa
  • Advocacy group: Movimento pela Independência do Pampa

Jequitinhonha Valley^[20][21]

• Proposed: autonomy for the Jequitinhonha Valley
  • Advocacy group: Movimento pela Autonomia do Vale do Jequitinhonha

Bolivia

Santa Cruz Department

Santa Cruz^[22][23]

• Proposed state: Santa Cruz
  • Advocacy group: Nación Camba

Qullasuyu

• Proposed state: Qullasuyu
  • Proposed state or autonomous area: Qullasuyu
  • Advocacy groups for increased autonomy: Ethnocacerism, Coordinator of Indigenous Organizations of the Amazon Basin, National Confederation of Peruvian Amazonian Nationalities, Tupac Katari Guerrilla Army, Pachakuti Indigenous Movement and Indian Movement Túpac Katari, National Alliance of Workers, Farmers, Students, Reservists and Laborers (ANTAURO), Union for Peru, Go on Country, Peruvian Nationalist Party, Federation of Neighborhood Councils-El Alto
  • Ethnic group: Aymara people

Chile

See also: List of active separatist movements in Oceania § Chile

Wallmapu

• Proposed state or autonomous area: Wallmapu^[4][5][24]
  • Advocacy groups: Consejo de Todas las Tierras, Resistencia Ancestral Mapuche, Coordinadora Arauco-Malleco

Patagonia

• Proposed state: Patagonia
  • Pressure groups: Movimiento Independentista Patagónico^[4][6][7]

Chiloé

Further information (in Spanish): Regionalism in Chiloé ^[es]

• Proposed autonomous area: Chiloé ^{[citation needed]}
  • Advocacy group: Movimiento Archipiélago Soberano^[25][26][27]

Arica y Parinacota^[28]

• Proposed autonomous area: Arica y Parinacota Region^{[29][30][31][32]}
  • Political party: Arica Estado Independiente^[33]

Magallanes

Further information (in Spanish): Regionalism in Magallanes ^[es]

• Proposed autonomous area: Magallanes ^{[citation needed]}
  • Advocacy group: Partido Regionalista de Magallanes^[34]

Colombia

Further information (in Spanish): Regionalism and separatism in Colombia ^[es]

See also: List of active separatist movements in North America § Colombia

Antioquia

• Proposed state: Antioquia
  • Advocacy group: Por Una Antioquia Libre Y Soberana^{[35][36][37][38]}

Choco

• Proposed state: Choco^[39][40]
  • Advocacy group: República del Chocó ^[41][42]

Caribe

• Proposed state: Caribe^[43][44]

Cauca Department^[45]

• Proposed: autonomy for Cauca Department
  • Advocacy group: Cauca Regional Indigenous Council

Nariño Department^[46]

• Ethnic group: Afro-Colombians
  • Proposed: autonomy for Afro-Colombians

Putumayo Department

• Ethnic group: Kamëntšá people and other
  • Proposed: indigenous autonomy in Putumayo Department
  • Movement: land back movement^[47]

Ecuador

Guayaquil

• Proposed state: Guayaquil
  • Advocacy group: República de Guayaquil^{[48][49][50][51]}

Manabi

• Proposed state: Manabi^[52][53]

Loja

• Proposed: autonomy for the Saraguro people^[54]

Napo Province, Orellana Province and Pastaza Province

• Ethnic group: Waorani people
  • Proposed: autonomy for the Waorani people in Ecuador
  • Advocacy group: Confederation of Indigenous Nationalities of the Ecuadorian Amazon

Morona-Santiago Province^[55]

• Ethnic group: Shuar
  • Proposed: autonomy for the Shuar in Ecuador

France

French Guiana

• Proposed state: Republic of Amazonia
  • Advocacy group: Decolonization and Social Emancipation Movement

Guyana

Indigenous peoples in Guyana^[56][57]

• Proposed: autonomy for the Indigenous peoples in Guyana
  • Political party: Amerindian People’s Association
  • Ethnic group: Indigenous peoples in Guyana

Peru

Qullasuyu

• Proposed state: Qullasuyu^[58]
  • Advocacy groups: Ethnocacerism, Coordinator of Indigenous Organizations of the Amazon Basin, National Confederation of Peruvian Amazonian Nationalities,Tupac Katari Guerrilla Army, Pachakuti Indigenous Movement, Indian Movement Túpac Katari, National Alliance of Workers, Farmers, Students, Reservists and Laborers (ANTAURO), Union for Peru, Go on Country,Peruvian Nationalist Party, Peruvian 'Great South'^[59]
  • Ethnic group: Aymara people

South Peru

• Proposed state: South Peru
  • Advocacy Group: Front for the Defense of the Northern Cone of Arequipa (FREDICON)^[60][61][62]

Department of Loreto

• Proposed autonomous area: Loreto^{[63][64][65][66]}
  • Ethnic group: Wampis^[67][68][69]

Venezuela

Zulia

• Proposed autonomous area: Zulia
  • Advocacy group: Autonomous Indigenous Movement of Zulia (Movimiento Indígena Autónomo del Zulia)^[70][71][72]

Nueva Esparta

• Proposed state: Nueva Esparta^[73][74][75]
  • Advocacy group: Haz que Nueva Esparta sea libre

Amazonas

• Ethnic group: Indigenous peoples in Venezuela^[76]
  • Proposed: autonomy for the Indigenous peoples in the Amazonas

See also

• Lists of active separatist movements
• List of historical separatist movements