List of ancient Anatolian peoples

This is a list of ancient Anatolian peoples who inhabited most of Anatolia (or Asia Minor). "Anatolian" here has the meaning of an Indo-European branch of peoples that lived in the Anatolia Peninsula or Asia Minor, although not all ancient peoples that dwelt in this Peninsula were Indo-Europeans. These peoples were speakers of the Anatolian branch (or subfamily) of the Indo-European language family.^[1]

This article is about the individual groups of the ancient Indo-European Anatolian peoples.

Not to be confused with List of ancient peoples of Anatolia, which focuses on all ancient peoples who have inhabited Anatolia (including Anatolians and other Indo-European groups).

Ancestors

Map 1: Indo-European migrations as described in The Horse, the Wheel, and Language by David W. Anthony

Map 2: Anatolian peoples in 2nd millennium BC; Blue: Luwians, Yellow: Hittites, Red: Palaics.

Map 3: Late Bronze Age regions of Anatolia / Asia Minor (circa 1200 BC) with main settlements.

Map 4: Anatolia / Asia Minor in the Greco-Roman period. The classical regions and their main settlements (circa 200 BC).

• Proto-Indo-Europeans (Proto-Indo-European speakers)^[2]
  • Proto-Anatolians (Indo-European) (Proto-Anatolian speakers)^[3][4][5][6]

Hittites (Nesitic / Central Anatolians)

• Hittites / Nesites^[7][8][9] (𒉈𒅆𒇷 - Nesumines)
  • Cappadocians? / Leucosyri? (according to Herodotus, Cappadocians and Leucosyri were the same people^[10] - Cappadocians was the Persian name and Leucosyri the Greek name) (Cappadocians also inhabited the West Pontus that originally was part of Cappadocia)^[11]
    • Amiseni? (inhabited Themiscyra district in West Pontus)
    • Cases? / Kases?
    • West Pontians?

Luwics (Southern Anatolians)

• Luwians^[12][13][14]
  • Cataonians (possibly assimilated by the Cappadocians in the Classical Age) (in the Bronze Age and early Iron Age, Cataonia was part of the Neo-Hittite kingdoms who were Luwian speaking; however in Classical Antiquity, Strabo states that although they were distinct peoples, they spoke the same language as the Cappadocians)^[15]
  • Cilicians^[16][17]
    • Danuna^[18][19] - they dwelt in the "Land of the Danuna" (they may have been the inhabitants of Adana, Adaniya or Ataniya city and region, in Cilicia and also they may have been the people called Denyen by the ancient Egyptians, one of the Sea peoples)
    • Clitae - recorded by Tacitus to have lived in the Taurus Mountains range during the reign of Archelaus of Cappadocia, primarily on two hills named Cadra and Davara^[20]
  • Isaurians^[21][22]
  • Lycaonians^[23][24]
  • Philistines? (they may have been the people called Peleset by the ancient Egyptians, one of the Sea peoples)^[25][26]
  • Southwest
    • Carians^[27][28][29]
    • Leleges^[30][31][32]
    • Pamphylians (Non-Hellenics)
    • Pisidio-Sidians
      • Pisidians / Pamphylians (Pamphylians, on the coast, and Pisidians, in the inland, were the same people and spoke the same language, the difference was that Anatolian Pamphylians were more Greek influenced since Iron Age) (there was an Anatolian Pamphylian dialect, part of the Pisidian language, and a Pamphylian Greek dialect, part of Ancient Greek, depending on the degree of Hellenization)
        • Homanades (Homana or Homona was their main settlement)
      • Sidians (in Side region)
    • Solymoi / Solymi (according to Strabo, this was the older name of the Milyans) (they may have been or not the same people as the Lycians)^[33][34]
      • Milyans / Milyae ("Lycian B" or "Lycian II" speakers)^[35][36]
        • Lycians / Termilae (𐊗𐊕𐊐𐊎𐊆𐊍𐊆 – Trm̃mili = Trəmmili (m̃ = əm))^[37][38]
    • Telchines?
    • Lasonians? (Ancient Greek: Λασονίων, romanized: Lasoníōn) - part of the 2nd Taxation district of the Persian Empire^[39]
    • Cabalians? (Ancient Greek: Καβαλέων, romanized: Kabaléōn) - part of the 2nd Taxation district of the Persian Empire^[40]
    • Hytennians? (Ancient Greek: Ὑτεννέων, romanized: Hutennéōn) - part of the 2nd Taxation district of the Persian Empire^[41]

Western Anatolian?

Related to but not part of Luwics

• Lydians / Maeonians^[42][43][44] (Maíones) (𐤮𐤱𐤠𐤭𐤣𐤸𐤯𐤦𐤳 - Śfardẽtis)
  • Kaystrianoi / Caystriani
  • Kilbianoi / Cilbiani
• Trojans? / Taruisans?^[45][46][47]

Palaics (Northern Anatolian)

• Palaics^[48][49][50] (in Pala region, northern Anatolia or Asia Minor)
  • Paphlagonians (mainly in Paphlagonia, roughly matching Pala, northern Anatolia or Asia Minor)
    • Caucones?^[51][52] / Kaukauni?
    • Eneti / Heneti?
    • Mariandyni^[53][54]

Possible Anatolian (Indo-European) peoples

• Mysians?^[55][56] (possibly they were more related to the Phrygians, a non Anatolian Indo-European people, and therefore they were possibly not an Anatolian Indo-European people, Mysia was also known as Phrygia Hellespontica, however they probably had a mixing with an Anatolian people closer to the Lydians, which would explain some statements by ancient authors such as Strabo when he stated that Mysian language was, in a way, a mixture of the Lydian and Phrygian languages)
  • Milatai? / Milatae?

See also

• Asia portal
• Turkey portal

• Anatolians
• List of ancient peoples of Anatolia
• Mitanni
• Kassites
• Purushanda
• Hyksos
• Sea peoples
• Maryannu
• Kikkuli
• Ancient Regions of Anatolia