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List of classifications of pottery

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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Pottery can be categorized/classified in various ways depending on its material, method of production, function, and style.

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Based on firing temperature and material

  • Earthenware: Fired at a lower temperature (typically below 1,200°C or 2,192°F), earthenware is porous and usually needs to be glazed to hold liquids. It's one of the oldest types of pottery.[1] Bisque, and Raku are examples of earthenware pottery.
  • Stoneware: Fired at a higher temperature (typically between 1,200°C and 1,300°C or 2,192°F and 2,372°F), stoneware is non-porous and more durable than earthenware. It is often used for functional items like mugs and plates.[2]
  • Porcelain: Fired at the highest temperatures (above 1,300°C or 2,372°F), porcelain is made from fine clay (kaolin) and is known for its white, translucent quality. It is highly durable and often used for fine tableware and decorative objects.[3]
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Functional pottery

  • Tile/Flooring pottery: Durable pieces used for building or decorating surfaces, such as wall tiles and floor tiles.[4][5]
  • Tableware: Includes dishes, bowls, cups, plates, and other items used for serving and eating food.[6][7]
  • Storage vessels: Such as jars, urns, and amphorae, used for storing liquids, grains, and other materials.[8][9]
  • Cookware: Includes pots, casseroles, and other vessels designed to withstand direct heat.[10]
  • Ceremonial pottery: Items used in rituals or ceremonies, including altars, ceremonial bowls, and religious figures.[11][12]
  • Decorative pottery: Includes vases, sculptures, and other objects made primarily for aesthetic purposes.[13]
  • Planters or Garden Pots: Containers used for growing plants, often featuring drainage holes.[14][15]
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Based on production techniques

  • Hand-built pottery: Made by hand using methods like coiling, pinching, or slab construction. This method is ancient and often used for larger or uniquely shaped pieces.[16]
  • Wheel-thrown pottery: Made on a potter's wheel, allowing for more symmetrical shapes and finer detail. This technique is commonly used for creating bowls, cups, and plates.[17]
  • Mold-made pottery: Produced using molds to shape the semi solid clay, often for mass production of identical pieces.[18]
  • Slip-cast pottery: Made by pouring liquid clay (slip) into molds. This method allows for mass production of pottery with intricate designs.[19]

Based on decorative techniques

  • Glazed pottery: Coated with a glaze that becomes glass-like when fired, giving the pottery a smooth, often colorful finish.[20][21]
  • Unglazed pottery: Pottery that is left unglazed, often showcasing the natural color and texture of the clay.[22]
  • Overglaze pottery: Decoration applied on top of a glaze, often after the initial firing. This can include painting, gilding, or applying decals.[23]
  • Slipware (slip-decorated pottery): Decorated with slip (liquid clay) applied before firing. Slip can be used for painting, dipping, or inlaying designs.[24]
  • Sgraffito: A decorative technique where a layer of slip is applied to the pottery, and then patterns are scratched through the slip to reveal the clay beneath.[25][26]
  • Mishima: A technique involving inlaying colored slips into incised designs on the pottery surface.[27]
  • Burnished pottery: A method where the surface of the clay is polished to create a shiny finish, often used in Native American pottery.[28]
  • Resist Techniques: A technique where a material is applied to areas of the pottery to resist glaze or slip, creating patterns once the piece is fired.[29]
  • Engraving or Carving: The surface of the pottery is carved or engraved to create patterns or images.[30]
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Cultural and historical pottery

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References

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