List of countries by population in 1000

This is a list of countries by population in 1000. The bulk of these numbers are sourced from Alexander V. Avakov's Two Thousand Years of Economic Statistics, Volume 1, pages 12 to 14, which cover population figures from the year 1000 divided into modern borders. Avakov, in turn, cites a variety of sources, mostly Angus Maddison.

Country/Territory	Population c. 1000 estimate	Percentage of World Population
World[1]	390,000,000 [notes 1]	–
Song China[2]	32,500,000–80,000,000	19.23%
Chola Empire subdivisions Chola Dynasty: Possibly between 3-4,000,000 (Total Indian continent accounted for 75M).[3] Mandalams in the realm: *Cholamandalam Jayankondacholamandalam Kongumandalam Parkavanmandalam Pandyamandalam Gangapadi Tadigaipadi Nulambapadi Marayapadi Mummudicholamandalam Naduvilmandalam Cities like Thanjavur had around 88,000 inhabitants [4]	4,000,000– 20,000,000	1.03%-5.13%
Pala Empire	Less than 16,000,000–17,000,000[3]	4.10%-4.36%
Holy Roman Empire subdivisions Kingdom of Germany – 5,900,000 constituents Germany – 3,800,000[5] Duchy of Lower Lorraine – 900,000[5] Duchy of Carinthia – 800,000[5] Switzerland – 400,000[5] Kingdom of Italy – 5,400,000[5]	11,300,000–12,700,000[6]	3.26%
Fatimid Caliphate[7][8] subdivisions Egypt – 5,000,000 Syria-Palestine – 2,100,000[8] Algeria – 2,000,000[3] Tunisia – 1,500,000 Emirate of Sicily – 750,000 Libya – 500,000 Najd – ?	12,500,000	3.2051%
Eastern Roman Empire[9][10] subdivisions Anatolia – 7,100,000 Greece[11] – 1,100,000 Catepanate of Ras – 630,000 Constantinople – 300,000 Cyprus – 150,000	12,000,000	3.08%
Western Chalukya Empire subordinate dynasties Hoysala and Malenadu: est. 1,000,000 – 2,000,000 Seuna: est. 2,000,000 – 3,000,000 Kakatiya: est. 2,000,000 – 3,000,000 Alupas: est. around 500,000	9,000,000–10,000,000	2.44%
Buyid Persia subdivisions Iran: 4,500,000[3] Iraq: 2,000,000 – 4,000,000 [3]	6,500,000–8,500,000	2.18%
Khitan Liao[12][13][14][15]	5,250,000–7,750,000	1.99%
Kingdom of France[5]	7,200,000	1.8%
Heian period (Japan)[16]	7,000,000	1.79%
Al-Andalus subdivisions Spain – 4,500,000[5] Morocco – 2,500,000[3]	Less than 7,000,000	1.79%
Gurjara-Pratihara empire[4] subdivisions Gurjaras in Hindustan Possibly between 6-7,000,000 (Total Indian continent accounted for 75M)[3] Cities Chunar (Within Gurjara-Pratihara kingdom towards its end) – 66,000 Kannauj (Under Gurjara-Pratihara) – 72,000 Anhilvada (Under Solankis) – 100,000	6,000,000–7,000,000	1.79%
Kievan Rus'[17]	5,400,000	1.38%
Goryeo[18]	3,000,000–5,000,000	0.77%-1.28%
Toltec Empire subdivisions Central Mexico – 4,500,000[3]	4,500,000	1.15%
Khmer Empire[8][notes 2] subdivisions Angkor – 761,663[19]	4,000,000	1.0%
Wari Empire subdivisions Peru – 3,000,000[3]	3,000,000	0.77%
Bulgarian Empire[8][20] subdivisions Approximately present day: Bulgaria (Northern Bulgaria and Western Bulgaria accounting for around 2/3 of the country) – 500,000 Kosovo – 82,000 Macedonia – 132,000 Serbia – 630,000 Albania – 200,000 Montenegro – 43,000 Romania (Northern Dobruja, Wallachia and Moldavia accounting for around 2/3 of the country) – 500,000	2,087,000	0.54%
Makuria subdivisions Northern Sudan – 2,000,000[3]	2,000,000	0.51%
Pagan Kingdom[21]	1,500,000-2,000,000	0.38%-0.51%
Muisca Confederation[22]	1,300,000	0.33%
Principality of Hungary[23]	1,250,000	0.32%
Kingdom of England[24][25]	1,250,000	0.32%
Early Lê dynasty (Đại Việt) [26]	1,200,000	0.31%
Poland[27]	1,000,000	0.26%
Alodia subdivisions Central and Southern Sudan – 1,000,000[3]	1,000,000	0.26%
Zagwe Kingdom subdivisions Ethiopia – 1,000,000[3]	1,000,000	0.26%
Duchy of Bohemia[8]	900,000	0.23%
High Kingship of Ireland[24]	630,000	0.15%
Kingdom of Denmark[24]	620,000	0.13%
Kingdom of Croatia[8]	412,000	0.11%
Kingdom of Sweden[24]	400,000	0.10%
Kingdom of Scotland[24]	300,000	0.08%
Duchy of Bosnia[8]	286,000	0.07%
Kingdom of Norway[24]	200,000	0.05%
Republic of Venice[28]	60,000	0.02%

Eastern Hemisphere Map at 1025 CE

Historical demographics
Altar of Domitius Ahenobarbus
Articles
Demographic history
Historical demography Classical · Medieval
World population estimates
List of Countries by Population
1	1000	1500

See also

• List of countries by population
• List of countries by population in 1500
• List of countries by population in 1600
• List of political entities in the 10th century

Bibliography

• Buringh, Eltjo (2010). Medieval Manuscript Production in the Latin West. Brill Publishers. ISBN 978-9004175198.
• Herlihy, David (1989), "Medieval Demography", in Strayer, Joseph R. (ed.), Dictionary of the Middle Ages, vol. 4, New York: Scribner, ISBN 0-684-17024-8.
• Kiernan, Ben (2019). Việt Nam: a history from earliest time to the present. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780190053796.
• Bolt, Jutta, Robert Inklaar, Herman de Jong and Jan Luiten van Zanden (2018). "Maddison Project Database, version 2018".{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
• Urlanis, B T︠S︡ (1941). Rost naselenii︠a︡ v Evrope : opyt ischislenii︠a︡ [Population growth in Europe] (in Russian). Moskva: OGIZ-Gospolitizdat. OCLC 42379320.

Notes

1. Estimates range from 250,000,000 to 400,000,000
2. Figures are for the areas of modern Laos and Cambodia. None of modern south Thailand is included.