List of crewed lunar landers

This is a list of designs for crewed lunar landers, spacecraft intended to land on the Moon. A key aspect is achieving a soft landing, and for an ascent stage to successfully escape the Moon's gravity.^[1] Another aspect is how many stages the design has to undergo to achieve its objective, and the number of passengers and amount of payload it can carry.^[1]

Name	Manufacturer	Operator (program and operational timeline)	Stages	Crew	Payload Mass	Status	Image
Altair	Northrop Grumman	NASA (Constellation, 2005–2009)	Descent, Ascent	4	14,500 kg (32,000 lb)	Canceled
Apollo Lunar Module	Grumman	NASA (Apollo, 1969–1972)	Descent, Ascent	2		Retired
Boeing Lunar Lander	Boeing	Boeing, NASA (Artemis, 2017–present)	Descent, Ascent			Rejected
Dynetics HLS	Dynetics	Dynetics, NASA (Artemis, 2017–present)	Single-stage with drop tanks	2-4		Rejected
Blue Moon Mark 2	Blue Origin, Lockheed Martin, Northrop Grumman, Draper Laboratory	Blue Origin, Lockheed Martin, Northrop Grumman, Draper Laboratory, NASA	Transfer, Lander/Ascent	4		Planned
Lanyue Lunar Lander	CAST	CMSA (CLEP)	Descent propulsion stage, Lander/Ascent	2		Planned
LK	RSC Energia/Yuzhnoye Design Office	Soviet Union (N1-L3, 1969-1974)	Descent, Ascent	1		Canceled
Lockheed Martin Lunar Lander	Lockheed Martin	Lockheed Martin, NASA (Artemis, 2017–present)	Single-stage	4	1,000 kg (2,200 lb)	Rejected (elements incorporated into Blue Moon Mk 2)
Starship	SpaceX	SpaceX	Single-stage			Planned
Starship HLS	SpaceX	NASA (Artemis, 2017–present), SpaceX	Single-stage	4	100–200 t (220,000–440,000 lb)	Planned
BIS Lunar Lander[2]		British Interplanetary Society	Single-stage	3		Studies (1939, 1947)
Von Braun Lunar Lander[3]		US (1977)	Single-stage with drop tanks	20	259 metric tons (with a crew of 10)	Study (1952)
Horizon LERV[4]		US Army (Project Horizon, 1966)	Descent, Ascent	10 - 16	2,700 - 22,000 kg	Study (1959)
Lunex Lunar Lander[5]		US Air Force (Lunex Project, 1967)	Descent, Ascent	3	20,500 kg	Study (1958–1961)
Gemini lunar lander		NASA Langley Research Center, (Project Gemini, 1963)	Single	1		Canceled
LEK[6]		Soviet Union, (Zvezda Moon base, 1974)	Descent, Ascent, Reentry	3		Canceled
FLO Eagle lander		NASA (Space Exploration Initiative, 1992–93)	Descent, Ascent	4	5,000 kg	Canceled

See also

• Human spaceflight
• Lunar module – Lunar lander designed for human spaceflight