List of echinoderms of Venezuela

The echinoderms of Venezuela are a strictly marine animal phylum comprising about 124 species of marine waters designated for Venezuelan Caribbean.^[1] The first lists of species for Venezuelan coast date back to 1939^[2] and 1967.^[3]

List of echinoderms of Venezuela

In Venezuela are five classes representatives living today: Crinoidea, Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea and Holothuroidea.^[4] In this list are listed 105 species for the territory Venezuelan.^{[2][3][5][6][7]}

List of species identified for Venezuela

Crinoidea (Sea Lilies)

Crinoidea

Species	Common name	Global distribution	Distribution by state[nota 1]	Image
Antedon bifida (Pennant, 1777)[3][7]	Rosy Feather-star[8]	Atlantic Ocean[9]	Ar; Su; Va
Davidaster rubiginosus (Pourtàles, 1869)[3]	Sea lily[3][10]	Caribbean Sea[11]	Ar
Tropiometra carinata (Lamarck, 1816)[3][7]	Black and White Sea Lily[12]	Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean[13]	Ar; Ca; Fa; DF; Su; Va

Asteroidea (Starfishs)

Asteroidea

Species	Common name	Global distribution	Distribution by state	Image
Anthenoides piercei Perrier, 1881[5]	Starfish[14]	Northwestern Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea[15]	NE; Su
Asterinides folium (Lütken, 1859)[2][3][7]	Common Blunt Armed Sea Star[16]	Northwestern Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea[17]	Su
Astropecten antillensis Lütken, 1859[2][3][7]	Starfish[14]	Northwestern Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea[18]	Su; Zu
Astropecten brasiliensis Müller & Troschel (1842)[3][7]	Starfish[14]	Western Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea[19]	An; Fa; Mi; NE; Su
Astropecten duplicatus Gray, 1840[3][7][20]	Two-spined Star Fish[21]	Northwestern Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea[22]	NE; Su; Va; Zu
Astropecten marginatus Gray, 1840[2][3][7][20]	Starfish[14]	Northwestern Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea[23]	DA; Fa; NE; Su; Zu
Echinaster brasiliensis Müller & Troschel, 1842[7]	Starfish[14]	Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea[24]	Su
Echinaster echinophorus (Lamarck, 1816)[3][7]	Starfish[14]	Northwestern Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea[25]	DF; NE; Su
Goniaster tesellatus (Lamarck, 1816)[3][5][7]	Starfish[14]	Atlantic Ocean[26]	NE; Su
Linckia guildingi Gray, 1840[2][3][7]	Yellow Starfish[14]	Cosmopolitan[27]	NE
Luidia alternata (Say, 1825)[3]	Starfish[14]	Caribbean Sea[28]	NE; Su; Zu
Luidia clathrata (Say, 1825)[3][7]	Starfish[14]	Atlantic Ocean, Southern Ocean[29]	An; NE; Su; Zu
Luidia senegalensis (Lamarck, 1816)[2][3][7][20]	Nine-armed Sea Star[30]	Northwesthern Atlantic Ocean[31]	Mi; NE; Su
Oreaster reticulatus (Linnaeus, 1858)[2][3][7]	Orange Starfish[14] Cushion Sea Star[32]	Caribbean Sea[33]	Fa; Mi; Mo; NE; Su
Tethyaster vestitus (Say, 1825)[3][7]	Starfish[14]	Caribbean Sea[34]	DA; DF; Su

Ophiuroidea (Sea spiders and sea snakes)

Ophiuroidea

Species	Common name	Global distribution	Distribution by state	Image
Amphiodia trychna H. L. Clark, 1918[3][7]	Sea spiders[4][10]	Caribbean Sea[35]	An; Su
Amphioplus coniortodes H. L. Clark, 1918[3][7]	Sea spiders[4][10]	Caribbean Sea[36]	An; NE; Su
Amphipholis januarii Ljungman, 1867[7]	Sea spiders[4][10]	Caribbean Sea[37]	Su
Amphipholis squamata (Delle Chiaje, 1828)[3][7]	Small Brittle Star[38]	Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean[39]	NE; Su
Amphiura palmeri T Lyman, 1882[3]	Sea spiders[4][10]	Caribbean Sea[40]	Su
Amphiura rathbuni Koehler, 1914[3]	Sea spiders[4][10]	Caribbean Sea[41]	NE
Amphiura stimpsonii Lútken, 1859[7]	Sea spiders[4][10]	Caribbean Sea[42]	Su
Asteronyx loveni Müller & Troschel, 1824[3]	Pipe-cleaner Brittlestar[43]	Northern Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea[44]	Fa
Astrophyton muricatum (Lamarck, 1816)[3][7][20]	Grifo[14] Giant Basket Star[45]	Caribbean Sea[46]	Ar; DF; NE; Su
Microphiopholis atra (Stimpson, 1852)[3][7]	Sea spiders[4][10]	Northwestern Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea[47]	An; DA; Mo; Su
Microphiopholis gracillima (Stimpson, 1852)[7]	Sea spiders[4][10]	Caribbean Sea[48]	Su
Ophiactis muelleri Lütken, 1856[3]	Sea spiders[4][10]	Caribbean Sea[49]	Su
Ophiactis algicola H.L. Clark, 1933[7]	Sea spiders[4][10]	Caribbean Sea[50]	Su
Ophiactis savignyi (Müller & Troschel, 1842)[3][7]	Savigny's Brittle Star[51]	Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Indian Ocean[52]	DF; Mi; NE; Su
Ophiocnida scabriuscula (Lútken, 1859)[7]	Lobate Brittle Star[53]	Caribbean Sea[54]	Su
Ophiocoma echinata (Lamarck, 1816)[3][7]	Black Brittle Star[55]	Caribbean Sea[56]	Ar; DF; Fa; NE; Su
Ophiocoma pumila Lütken, 1859[3][7]	Banded Ophiocoma[57]	Caribbean Sea[58]	DF; Fa; Su; Va
Ophiocoma wendtii Müller & Troschel, 1842[3][7]	Red Ophiocoma[59]	Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, Indian Ocean[60]	NE; Su
Ophiocomella ophiactoides (H. L. Clark, 1963)[3][7]	Coralline Brittle Star[61]	Caribbean Sea[62]	Ar; Su
Ophioderma appressa (Say, 1825)[3][7]	Harlequin Brittle Star[63]	Caribbean Sea[64]	DF; Mi; NE; Su
Ophioderma brevicauda Lütken, 1856[2][3][7]	Short Spined Ophioderma[65]	Caribbean Sea[66]	Ca; DF; Fa; Mi
Ophioderma brevispina (Say, 1825)[3][7]	Sea spiders[4][10]	Caribbean Sea[67]	DF; Mi
Ophioderma cinerea Müller & Troschel, 1842[7]	Chocolate Brittle Star[68]	Caribbean Sea[69]	Su
Ophioderma rubicunda Lütken, 1856[3][7]	Ruby Brittle Star[70]	Caribbean Sea[71]	Su
Ophiolepis elegans Lütken, 1859[3][7]	Sea spiders[4][10]	Caribbean Sea[72]	An; DF; Mi; NE; Su
Ophiolepis impressa Lütken, 1859[3][7]	Sea spiders[4][10]	Caribbean Sea[73]	Mi; Su
Ophiolepis paucispina (Say, 1825)[7]	Scaly Brittle Star[74]	Caribbean Sea[75]	Su
Ophiomyxa flaccida ( Say, 1825)[3][7]	Slimy Brittle Star[76]	Caribbean Sea[77]	DF; Su
Ophionereis olivacea H. L. Clark, 1901[3][7]	Sea spiders[4][10]	Caribbean Sea[78]	Su
Ophionereis reticulata (Say, 1925)[3][7]	Reticulated Brittle Star[79]	Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea[80]	DF; NE; Su
Ophionereis squamulosa Köehler, 1913[7]	Sea spiders[4][10]	Caribbean Sea[81]	Su
Ophiopsila hartmeyeri Koehler, 1913[3][7]	Sea spiders[4][10]	Caribbean Sea[82]	Su
Ophiopsila riisei Lütken, 1859[3][7]	Sea spiders[4][10]	Caribbean Sea[83]	Ar; DF; Su
Ophiophragmus wurdemani (Lyman, 1860)[3]	Sea spiders[4][10]	Caribbean Sea[84]	Va
Ophiothrix angulata (Say, 1825)[3][7]	Angular Brittle Star[85]	Northwestern Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea[86]	DF; Mi; NE; Su
Ophiothrix brachyactis H. L. Clark, 1915[3]	Sea spiders[4][10]	Caribbean Sea[87]	Su
Ophiothrix oerstedii Lütken, 1856[2][3][7]	Oersted's Brittle Star[88]	Caribbean Sea[89]	DF; NE; Su
Ophiothrix suensonii Lütken, 1856[3][7]	Suenson's Brittle Star[90]	Caribbean Sea[91]	NE; Su
Ophiura acervata Lyman 1869[3][7]	Sea spiders[4][10]	Caribbean Sea[92]	DA; Mo; Su

Echinoidea (Sea urchins and sand dollar)

Echinoidea

Species	Common name	Global distribution	Distribution by state	Image
Arbacia punctulata (Lamarck, 1816)[3][7]	Purple Sea Urchin.[93][94]	Caribbean Sea[95]	An; NE; Su
Brissopsis elongata Mortensen, 1907[3][7]		Caribbean Sea[96]	An; Su
Brissus unicolor (Leske, 1778)[3]	Groove Burrowing Urchin[97]	Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, Westhern Mediterranean Sea[98]	An; DF; Su
Clypeaster cyclopylus H.L.Clark, 1941[99]		Venezuelan Caribbean Sea[100]	DF (Archp. Los Testigos)
Clypeaster euclastus H.L.Clark, 1941[7][99]		Caribbean Sea[101]	An, Ca, DA, DF, Fa
Clypeaster lamprus H.L.Clark, 1914[99]		Caribbean Sea[102]	Va
Clypeaster prostratus Ravenel, 1848[99]		Caribbean Sea[103]	Fa, Zu
Clypeaster rosaceus (Linnaeus, 1758)[3][99]	Sea Biscuit[104]	Caribbean Sea[105]	Fa; DF; NE
Clypeaster subdepressus (Gray, 1825)[3][7][99]	Sand Dollar[106]	Caribbean Sea[107]	An; Fa; NE; Su
Diadema antillarum (Philippi & Agassiz, 1863)[3][7]	Long-spined Sea Urchin[108]	Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea[109]	Ar; Ca; DF; Mi; Su; Va
Echinometra lucunter (Linnaeus, 1758)[3][7][110]	Rock-boring Urchin[111]	Caribbean Sea[112]	An; Ar; Ca; DA; DF; Fa; Mi; Mo; NE; Su; Va; Zu
Echinometra viridis Agassiz, 1863[2][3][7]	Green Urchin[14]	Caribbean Sea[113]	Ar; Ca; DF; Fa; Mi
Encope emarginata (Leske, 1778)[3][7][99]	Sand Dollar, Cookie[14]	Caribbean Sea[114]	Ar; NE; Su
Encope michelini Agassiz, 1841[99]	Notched Sand Dollar[115]	Caribbean Sea[116]	Ar; NE; Su
Eucidaris tribuloides (Lamarck, 1816)[2][3][7]	Slate Pencil Urchin[117]	Caribbean Sea[118]	DF; Mi; NE; Su; Va; Zu
Leodia sexiesperforata (Leske, 1778)[3][7][99]	Six Holed Keyhole Urchin[119]	Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea[120]	An; Ar; Ca; Mi; NE; Su; Va
Lytechinus variegatus (Lamarck, 1816)[2][3][7][121]	Variegated Sea Urchin[122]	Caribbean Sea[123]	An; Ar; Ca; DA; DF; Fa; Mi; Mo; NE; su; Va; Zu
Mellita quinquiesperforata latiambulacra H. L. Clark, 1940[2][3][7][99]	Dollar see; Cookie[124]	Caribbean Sea[125]	An; Ar; Ca; DA; Fa; Mi; Mo; NE; Su; Va; Zu
Meoma ventricosa (Lamarck, 1816)[3][7]		Caribbean Sea[126]	DF; NE
Moira atropos (Lamarck, 1816)[3][7]		Caribbean Sea[127]	Su;
Plagiobrissus grandis (Gmelin, 1788)[7]		Caribbean Sea[128]	An; DA; Su
Schizaster orbignyanus Agassiz, 1980[3][7]		Caribbean Sea[129]	An; DA; Su
Tripneustes ventricosus (Lamarck, 1816)[3][7]	Sea Egg[130]	Caribbean Sea[131]	DF; Fa; Mi; NE; Su; Va

Holothuroidea (Sea Cucumbers)

Holothuroidea

Species	Common name	Global distribution	Distribution by state	Image
Aslia pygmaea (Théel 1886)[2][6][7]		Venezuelan Caribbean sea[132]	NE
Aslia surinamensis (Semper 1868)[7][133]		Caribbean Sea, Atlantic Ocean[133]	NE
Astichopus multifidus (Sluter, 1910)[134]	Fissured Sea Cucumber[135]	Caribbean Sea, Atlantic Ocean[136]	DF
Chiridota rotifera (Pourtalès, 1851)[7]	Worm Cucumber[137]	Caribbean Sea, Atlantic Ocean[138]	Su
Euthyonacta solida (Deichmann, 1930)[7]		Caribbean Sea, Atlantic Ocean[139]	Su
Holothuria arenicola Semper, 1868[7]		Caribbean Sea, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean[140]	Su
Holothuria cubana Ludwig, 1875[7]		Caribbean Sea, Atlantic Ocean[141]	Su
Holothuria glaberrima Selenka, 1867[7]	Brown Rock Sea Cucumber[142]	Caribbean Sea, Atlantic Ocean[143]	Su
Holothuria grisea (Selenka; 1867)[6][7]	Gray Sea Cucumber[144]	Caribbean Sea, Atlantic Ocean[145]	Su
Holothuria impatiens (Forskaal, 1775)[6][7]	Impatient Sea Cucumber[146]	Caribbean Sea, Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean Sea, Indian Ocean[147]	Su
Holothuria mexicana Ludwig, 1875[7]	Donkey Dung Sea Cucumber[148]	Caribbean Sea, Atlantic Ocean[149]	DF; Fa
Holothuria occidentalis Ludwig, 1875[7]		Caribbean Sea[150]	Su
Holothuria parvula (Selenka, 1867)[7]	Golden Sea Cucumber[151]	Caribbean Sea, Indian Ocean[152]	Su
Holothuria princeps (Selenka, 1867)[6][7]		Caribbean Sea[153]	Su
Holothuria surinamensis Ludwig, 1875[2][7]	Surinam Sea Cucumber[154]	Caribbean Sea[155]	Zu
Holothuria thomasi Pawson & Caycedo, 1980[7]	Tiger Tail Sea Cocumber[156]	Caribbean Sea[157]	su
Isostichopus badionotus (Selenka, 1867)[6][7]	Three-rowed Sea Cucumber[158]	Caribbean Sea[159]	DF; Su
Lissothuria antillensis Pawson, 1967[7]		Venezuelan Caribbean Sea[160]	Su
Lissothuria braziliensis (Théel, 1886)[7]		Venezuelan Caribbean Sea[161]	Su
Ocnus suspectus (Ludwig, 1874)[7]		Caribbean Sea[162]	Su
Pentamera pulcherrima Ayres, 1852[7]		Nortrwestern Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea[163]	Su
Pseudothyone belli (Luswig, 1887)[7]		Caribbean Sea[164]	Su
Sclerodactyla briareus (Lesueur, 1824)[7]		Caribbean Sea[165]	Su
Thyone pseudofusus Deichmann, 1930[7]		Caribbean Sea[166]	Su
Thyonidium seguroensis (Deichmann, 1930)[7]		Caribbean Sea[167]	Su

See also

• List of birds of Venezuela
• List of introduced molluscs of Venezuela
• List of mammals of Venezuela
• List of marine molluscs of Venezuela
• List of molluscs of Falcón State, Venezuela
• List of non-marine molluscs of El Hatillo Municipality, Miranda, Venezuela
• List of non-marine molluscs of Venezuela
• List of Poriferans of Venezuela

Notas

1. The following codes are used:

   • An: Anzoátegui
   • Ar: Aragua
   • Ca: Carabobo
   • DA: Delta Amacuro
   • DF: Dependencias Federales
   • Fa: Falcón
   • Mi: Miranda
   • Mo: Monagas
   • NE: Nueva Esparta
   • Su: Sucre
   • Va: Vargas
   • Zu: Zulia