List of fastest computers

This is a historical list of fastest computers and includes computers and supercomputers which were considered the fastest in the world at the time they were built.

Year	Country of site	Site	Vendor / builder	Computer	Performance[a]		R
1938	Germany	Personal research and development Berlin, Germany	Konrad Zuse	Z1	1.00	IPS	[1]
1940				Z2	1.25	IPS	[2]
1941				Z3	20.00	IPS	[3]
1944	United Kingdom	Bletchley Park	Tommy Flowers and his team, Post Office Research Station	Colossus	5.00	kIPS	[4]
1945	United States	University of Pennsylvania	Moore School of Electrical Engineering	ENIAC	5.00	kIPS	[5]
1951		Massachusetts Institute of Technology	MIT Servomechanisms Laboratory	Whirlwind I	20.00	kIPS	[6]
1958		McGuire Air Force Base	IBM	AN/FSQ-7	75.00	kIPS	[7]
1960	United States	Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory		7090	229.00	kIPS	[8]
		Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory	Remington Rand's UNIVAC	LARC	250.00	kIPS	[9]
1961	United States	Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory	IBM	7030 Stretch	1.20	MIPS	[10]
1962	United Kingdom	University of Manchester	University of Manchester, Ferranti International, and Plessey Co.	Atlas	1.00	MFLOPS	[11]
1964	United States	Lawrence Livermore and Los Alamos	CDC	6600	3.00	MFLOPS	[12]
1969		Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory		7600	36.00	MFLOPS	[13]
1974				STAR-100	100.00	MFLOPS	[14]
1976		Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory	Cray	Cray-1	160.00	MFLOPS	[15]
1980	United Kingdom	Meteorological Office, Bracknell	CDC	Cyber 205	400.00	MFLOPS	[16]
1983	United States	National Security Agency	Cray	X-MP/4	713.00	MFLOPS*	[17]
1985	United States	Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory	Cray	Cray-2	1.41	GFLOPS*	[18]
1988		NASA Ames Research Center		Y-MP/832	2.14	GFLOPS*	[17]
1990	Japan	Fuji Heavy Industries	Fujitsu	VP2600/10	4.00	GFLOPS*	[19]
1992	Canada	Atmospheric Environment Service	NEC	SX-3/44	20.00	GFLOPS*	[20]
1993	United States	Los Alamos National Laboratory	Thinking Machines	CM-5/1024	59.70	GFLOPS*	[21]
	Japan	National Aerospace Laboratory of Japan	Fujitsu	Numerical Wind Tunnel	124.20	GFLOPS*	[22]
1994	United States	Sandia National Laboratories	Intel	Paragon XP/S 140	143.40	GFLOPS*	[23]
	Japan	National Aerospace Laboratory of Japan	Fujitsu	Numerical Wind Tunnel	170.00	GFLOPS*	[22]
1996		University of Tokyo	Hitachi	SR2201	232.40	GFLOPS*	[24]
		University of Tsukuba		CP-PACS	368.20	GFLOPS*	[25]
1997	United States	Sandia National Laboratories	Intel	ASCI Red	1.06	TFLOPS*	[26]
2000		Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory	IBM	ASCI White	4.93	TFLOPS*	[27]
2001					7.20	TFLOPS*
2002	Japan	JAMSTEC Earth Simulator Center	NEC	Earth Simulator	35.86	TFLOPS*	[28]
2004	United States	Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory	IBM	Blue Gene/L	70.72	TFLOPS*	[29]
2005					136.80	TFLOPS*
					280.60	TFLOPS*
2007					478.20	TFLOPS*
2008	United States	Los Alamos National Laboratory	IBM	Roadrunner	1.02	PFLOPS*	[30]
					1.10	PFLOPS*
2009		Oak Ridge National Laboratory	Cray	Jaguar	1.75	PFLOPS*	[31]
2010	China	National Supercomputing Center of Tianjin	National University of Defense Technology	Tianhe-1A	2.57	PFLOPS*	[32]
2011	Japan	RIKEN Advanced Institute for Computational Science	Fujitsu	K computer	10.51	PFLOPS*	[33]
2012	United States	Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory	IBM	Sequoia (Blue Gene/Q)	16.32	PFLOPS*	[34]
		Oak Ridge National Laboratory	Cray	Titan	17.59	PFLOPS*	[35]
2013	China	National Supercomputing Center of Guangzhou	National University of Defense Technology	Tianhe-2	33.86	PFLOPS*	[36]
2016		National Supercomputing Center of Wuxi	NRCPC	Sunway TaihuLight	93.01	PFLOPS*	[37]
2018	United States	Oak Ridge National Laboratory	IBM	Summit	122.30	PFLOPS*	[38]
2019					148.60	PFLOPS*	[39]
2020	Japan	RIKEN Center for Computational Science	Fujitsu	Fugaku	415.53	PFLOPS*	[40]
					442.01	PFLOPS*
2022	United States	Oak Ridge National Laboratory	HPE Cray	Frontier	1.102	EFLOPS*	[41]
2023					1.194	EFLOPS*
2024					1.206	EFLOPS*
		Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory		El Capitan	1.742	EFLOPS*	[42]

a. ^{^} An asterisk (*) denotes Rmax – the highest score measured using the LINPACK benchmarks suite.

See also

• History of supercomputing
• Timeline of instructions per second (IPS)
• TOP500 § Systems ranked No. 1 since 1976 (FLOPS)