This is a list of local anesthetic agents . Not all of these drugs are still used in clinical practice and in research. Some are primarily of historical interest.
More information Drug, Other common names ...
Drug
Other common names
Image
First synthesis
Dates of clinical use
Chemical/structural class
Duration of effect
amylocaine
Stovaine
1904 (Ernest Fourneau )
ester- benzoic
ambucaine
[ 1]
diester - aminosalicylic
articaine
Astracaine, Septanest, Septocaine, Ultracaine, Zorcaine
Amide
benzocaine
Anbesol, Orajel
Ester - Aminobenzoic
Short
benzonatate
Tessalon
bupivacaine
Marcaine, Sensorcaine, Vivacaine
1957 (Ekenstam)
1963 (Widman and Telivuo)
Amide
Moderate
butacaine
ester- aminobenzoic
butanilicaine
Amide
chloroprocaine
Nesacaine
Ester - Aminobenzoic
cinchocaine (INN)
dibucaine (USAN), Cincain, Cinchocaine, Nupercainal, Nupercaine, Sovcaine
1925 (Meischer)
1930 (Uhlmann)
Ester - Aminobenzoic
cocaine
1855 (first isolation by Friedrich Gaedcke ), 1898 (first synthesis by Richard Willstätter )
1884 (Karl Koller , William Stewart Halsted )
Ester - Benzoic
cyclomethycaine
[ 2]
Ester - hydroxybenzoic
dibucaine
[ 3]
Amide
diperodon
[ 4] [ 5]
dimethocaine
larocaine
eucaine
α-Eucaine , β-eucaine
α-eucaine β-eucaine
1900. α[ 6] β[ 7] [ 8]
etidocaine
Duranest
1971 (Takman)
1972 (Lund)
hexylcaine
Cyclaine, Osmocaine
fomocaine
[ 9]
ester - phenyl
fotocaine
[ 9]
hydroxyprocaine
[ 10]
ester - aminosalicylic
isobucaine
[ 11]
Ester - benzoic
levobupivacaine
Chirocaine
1990s (Mather and Tucker)
1995
lidocaine [ 12] [ 13]
(lignocaine)
Xylocaine
1943 (Nils Löfgren and Bengt Lundqvist)
1947 (Torsten Gordh)
mepivacaine
Carbocaine, Polocaine
1956 (Ekenstam and Egner)
1957 (Dhuner)
meprylcaine
Epirocain
metabutoxycaine
nitracaine
Ester- Aminobenzoic
orthocaine
oxetacaine (oxethazaine)
oxybuprocaine
benoxinate, Novesine
Paraethoxycaine
[ 14]
phenacaine
Holocaine
piperocaine
metycaine
piridocaine
[ 15]
pramocaine
pramoxine
prilocaine
Citanest
1959 (Nils Löfgren and Egner)
1960 (Wielding)
Primacaine
procaine
Novocain, borocaine (procaine borate ), ethocaine
1904 (Alfred Einhorn )
1905 (Heinrich Braun )
procainamide
proparacaine
proxymetacaine
propoxycaine [ 16]
Pyrrocaine
[ 17]
quinisocaine (INN )
dimethisoquin (USAN )
[ 18]
ropivacaine
Naropin
1957 (Ekenstam)
1997
trimecaine
Mesdicain, Mesocain, Mesokain
tetracaine
amethocaine, Dicaine, Pontocaine
1928 (O. Eisleb)
1931
Tolycaine
[ 19]
Tropacocaine [ 20]
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(November 2014 )