List of manufacturing processes

This tree lists various manufacturing processes arranged by similarity of function.

A thermal oxidizer blends several manufacturing processes such as molding, forming, machining, etc.

Casting

Main article: Casting

• Bellfounding
• Centrifugal casting (industrial)
• Continuous casting
• Die casting
• Evaporative-pattern casting
  • Full-mold casting
  • Lost-foam casting
• Investment casting (Lost-wax casting)
  • Countergravity casting^[1]
  • Lost-foam casting
• Low pressure die casting
• Permanent mold casting
• Plastic mold casting
• Resin casting
• Sand casting
• Shell molding
• Slush casting, Slurry casting
• Vacuum molding

Data from Fundamentals of modern manufacturing^[2]

Labeling and painting

Main articles: Imaging and Coating

• Laser engraving
• Inkjet printing
• Chemical vapor deposition
• Sputter deposition
• Plating
• Thermal spraying

Moulding

Main article: Moulding (process) § Types

• Powder metallurgy
  • Compaction plus sintering
  • Hot isostatic pressing
  • Metal injection moulding
  • Spray forming
• Plastics (see also Rapid prototyping)
  • Injection
  • Compression molding
  • Transfer
  • Extrusion
  • Blow molding
  • Dip moulding
  • Rotational molding
  • Thermoforming
  • Laminating
  • Expandable bead
  • Foam
  • Vacuum plug assist
  • Pressure plug assist
  • Matched mould
• Shrink wrapping

Forming

Main article: Forming (metalworking)

• End tube forming
  • Tube beading
• Forging
  • Smith
  • Hammer forge
  • Drop forge
  • Press
  • Impact (see also Extrusion)
  • Upset
  • No draft
  • High-energy-rate
  • Cored
  • Incremental
  • Powder
• Rolling (Thick plate and sheet metal)
  • Cold rolling
  • Hot rolling
  • Sheet metal
  • Shape
  • Ring
  • Transverse
  • Cryorolling
  • Orbital
  • Cross-rolling
  • Thread
    • Screw thread
    • Thread rolling
• Extrusion
  • Impact extrusion
• Pressing
  • Embossing
  • Stretch forming
  • Blanking (see drawing below)
  • Drawing (manufacturing) (pulling sheet metal, wire, bar, or tube
    • Bulging
    • Necking
    • Nosing
  • Deep drawing (sinks, auto body)
• Bending
  • Hemming
• Shearing
  • Blanking and piercing
    • Trimming
    • Shaving
    • Notching
    • Perforating
    • Nibbling
    • Dinking
    • Lancing
    • Cutoff
  • Stamping
    • Metal
    • Leather
    • Progressive
  • Coining
  • Straight shearing
    • Slitting
• Other
  • Redrawing
  • Ironing
  • Flattening
  • Swaging
  • Spinning
  • Peening
  • Guerin process
  • Wheelon process
  • Magnetic pulse
  • Explosive forming
  • Electroforming
  • Staking
  • Seaming
  • Flanging
  • Straightening
  • Decambering
  • Cold sizing
  • Hubbing
  • Hot metal gas forming
  • Curling (metalworking)
  • Hydroforming

Machining

Main article: Machining

• Mills
  • Grist mill
  • Hammer mill
  • Ball mill
  • Buhrstone mill
  • Disc mill
  • Saw mill
  • Steel mill
    • Blast furnace
    • Smelting
    • Refining
    • Reduction mill
    • Annealing
    • Pickling
    • Passivate
    • Coating
• Milling
• Turning
  • Lathe
  • Facing
  • Boring (also Single pass bore finishing)
  • Spinning (flow turning)
  • Knurling
  • Hard turning
  • Cutoff (parting)
• Drilling
  • Friction drilling
• Reaming
• Countersinking
• Tapping
• Sawing
  • Filing
• Broaching
• Shaping
  • Horizontal
  • Vertical
  • Special purpose
• Planing
  • Double housing
  • Open-side
  • Edge or plate
  • Pit-type
  • Abrasive jet machining
  • Water jet cutting
  • Photochemical machining
  • Abrasive belt
• Honing (Sharpening)
  • Electro-chemical grinding
• Finishing & industrial finishing
  • Abrasive blasting (sand blasting)
  • Buffing
  • Burnishing
  • Electroplating
  • Electropolishing
  • Magnetic field-assisted finishing
  • Etching
  • Linishing
  • Mass finishing
    • Tumbling (barrel finishing)
      • Spindle finishing
    • Vibratory finishing
  • Plating
  • Polishing
  • Superfinishing
  • Wire brushing
• Routing
• Hobbing
• Ultrasonic machining
• Electrical discharge
• Electrical discharge machining (EDM)
• Electron beam machining
• Electrochemical machining
• Chemical
• Photochemical
• Laser cutting
  • Laser drilling
• Grinding
  • High stock removal
• Gashing
• Biomachining
• Skiving (metalworking)

Joining

• Welding
  • Arc
    • Manual metal
    • Shielded metal
    • Gas metal
      • Pulsed
      • Short circuit
      • Electrogas
      • Spray transfer
    • Gas tungsten
    • Flux-cored
    • Submerged
    • Plasma arc
    • Carbon arc
    • Stud
    • Electroslag
    • Atomic hydrogen
    • Plasma-MIG (metal inert gas)
    • Impregnated tape
    • Regulated Metal Deposition
  • Oxyfuel gas
    • Oxy-acetylene gas
    • Methylacetylene propadiene (MAPP)
    • Air-acetylene
    • Oxyhydrogen
    • Pressure gas
      • CO₂
  • Resistance
    • Butt welding
      • Flash butt welding
    • Shot welding
    • Spot welding
  • Projection welding
  • Seam
  • Upset welding
  • Percussion (manufacturing)
  • Solid state welding
    • Ultrasonic
    • Explosive
    • Diffusion
      • Hot press
      • Isostatic hot gas
      • Vacuum furnace
    • Friction welding
    • Inertia
    • Forge
    • Cold
    • Roll
  • Electron beam welding
  • Laser welding
  • Thermite
  • Induction
    • Low frequency (50–450 Hz)
    • High frequency (induction resistance; 200–450 kHz)
  • Others
    • Heated metal plate
    • Solvent
    • Dielectric
    • Magnetic pulse welding
    • Radio frequency welding
    • High frequency resistance
    • Electromagnetic
    • Flow
    • Resistance
    • Infrared
    • Vacuum
    • Hot-air-welding
• Brazing
  • Torch
  • Induction brazing
  • Furnace
  • Dip
• Soldering
  • Iron
  • Hot plate
  • Oven
  • Induction
  • Dip
  • Wave
  • Ultrasonic
• Sintering
• Adhesive bonding (incomplete)
  • Thermo-setting and thermoplastic
  • Epoxy
  • Modified epoxy
  • Phenolics
  • Polyurethane
  • Adhesive alloys
  • Miscellaneous other powders, liquids, solids, and tapes
• Fastening wood and metal
  • Nailing
  • Screwing
  • (By material fastened)
    • Machine (Metal)
    • Wood Screws
  • (By slot type)
    • Phillips ("Plus sign" in Canada)
    • Straight ("Minus sign" in Canada)
  • (By shape)
    • Round head
    • Flat head
    • Box head
    • Hex
    • Lag
  • Nut and bolts
  • Riveting
  • Clinching
  • Pinning
    • Cotter
    • Groove
    • Tapered
    • Roll
    • Retaining rings
    • Quick release skewer
  • Stitching
  • Stapling
• Press fitting

^[3]

Additive manufacturing

• 3D printing^[3]
• Direct metal laser sintering^[4]
• Filament winding, produces composite pipes, tanks, etc.^[3]
• Fused deposition modeling^[3]
• Inkjet Printing^[5]
• Laminated object manufacturing^[3]
• Laser engineered net shaping^[3]
• Layered manufacturing^[3]
• Rapid Induction Printing
• Selective laser sintering^[3]
• Spark plasma sintering
• Stereolithography^[3]

Other

• Mining
  • Quarrying
  • Blasting
  • Crushing
• Chemical manufacturing
• Petroleum refining
• Assembly line
• Printed circuit board manufacturing
• Semiconductor fabrication
• Packaging and labeling
• Logistics
• Woodworking
  • Joinery (see also Joining, above)
    • Lapping
    • Mortising
    • Routing (see above)
    • Biscuit joiner
• Vulcanization
• Heat treating
• Bake-out

See also

• Worker–machine activity chart