List of participatory budgeting votes
List of cities with participatory budgets From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is a list of votes held by major cities as part of a participatory budgeting process, where people living in the city are allowed to vote for a number of proposals, and the funded proposals are determined based on the votes. While not all participatory budgeting processes include a formal voting stage, it is a very common feature, particularly in Europe.[1] The list includes votes held in major cities with a population of at least 100,000 and a total amount equivalent to at least €100,000 being voted on. To be included, the vote must be open to the whole public (rather than limited to a jury) and its results must be de facto binding on the government. The list also includes votes held by states, provinces, or countries, if they meet these criteria (this includes Portugal and some Australian states).
European cities appearing in the list
Non-European cities appearing in the list
Many cities divide their available budget among city districts and allow each voter to vote only on proposals located in their district.[2] In effect, these are several independent votes happening simultaneously, but in the list, these sub-elections are merged into one. Some cities additionally hold a vote about city-wide proposals, and some allow voters to vote in several or all districts.
Participatory budgeting processes typically go through several stages (usually including soliciting proposals, selecting proposals, voting on proposals, and implementation),[2][3] and this can take several years. There are different conventions of which year to use in referring to a particular process (e.g. some cities use the year in which the vote occurs, and others the year in which project implementation starts).[4] In the table, the year refers to the year of the last day on which voters can cast their votes.
The list includes a brief description of the voting systems employed in the vote. This includes a choice of ballot format specifying how voters can indicate their preferences. The table uses the following terms to describe common choices:[5][6]
- knapsack votes (where voters can vote for any number of proposals, but the cost of the selected proposals must sum up to less than the available budget),
- k-approval (where voters can vote for up to k proposals; common choices for k are 1, 5, and 10),
- spreading points (where each voter has a number of votes (such as 10) that can be spread across proposals, but the same proposal can receive several votes; also known as cumulative voting), and
- ranking (where voters select up to k proposals and then rank them).
Cities then use a system to decide on the winning proposals. Typically this is done by sorting proposals by the number of votes the proposal received, and then repeatedly selecting the proposals with the highest number until the available budget runs out.[3] Some cities also impose additional constraints on the process (such as a maximum amount that can be spent in any single neighborhood, or a minimum amount that must be spent in a certain category of projects) or use a more complicated participatory budgeting rule (see Combinatorial participatory budgeting for detailed descriptions of common aggregation rules).
| City | Year | Population | Voters | Budget | Proposals (elected) | Voting system | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Australia New South Wales |
2019 | 8,095,430 | 61,437[7] | A$24,700,000[7] | 1500 (248)[8] | Rank 3–5 projects.[8] | Ranks get converted into points (10, 5, 3, 2, 1 points). Each electorate was allocated the same amount of funding, and voting and decisions were done separately in each electorate.[8] |
| Australia Victoria |
2018 | 6,497,700[9] | 95,000[10] | A$30,000,000[10] | 2300 (237)[10] | 3-approval among projects near (5 km/50 km) living place.[11] | At most 50% of a region's budget can be spent in one locality.[11] |
 Belgium Brussels |
2018 | 1,208,542 | 2,045[12] | €134,070[12] | 18 (10)[12] | Knapsack vote, city-wide.[13] | |
 Canada Montreal |
2021 | 1,762,949 | 20,017[14] | CA$25,000,000[15] | 35 (12)[14] | 5-approval. | Budget was increased from 10 million to 25 million after the vote. |
 Finland Helsinki |
2021 | 658,864 | 47,064[16] | €8,800,000[17] | 396 (75)[18] | Knapsack vote, city-wide and 1 district.[19] | |
| Finland Helsinki |
2019 | 658,864 | 40,264[20] | €4,400,000[21] | 296 (44)[22] | ||
 France Brest |
2022 | 139,926 | €1,300,000[23] | 42 (19)[24] | Rank 3 projects (3 points to the first-ranked / 2 points to the second-ranked / 1 point to the third-ranked).[23] | Select the highest ranking project in each district, then follow complicated rules for the remaining budget.[23] | |
| France Grenoble |
2022 | 158,198 | 4,825[25] | €800,000[26] | 27 (7)[25] | Vote for 6 projects.[27] | |
| France Grenoble |
2020 | 158,198 | 4,711[28] | €800,000[28] | 29 (12)[28] | Vote for 6 projects.[29] | |
| France Grenoble |
2019 | 158,198 | 6,463[30] | €800,000[30] | 21 (9)[31] | Vote for 5 projects.[32] | |
| France Grenoble |
2018 | 158,198 | 5,625[33] | €800,000[34] | 23 (6)[33][34] | Vote for 1 large project (> €200k) and 4 small projects (< €200k).[34] | 1 large project wins, and as many small projects as the budget allows. |
| France Grenoble |
2017 | 158,198 | 3,500[35] | €800,000[36] | 25 (9)[37] | Vote for 1 large project (> €200k) and 6 small projects (< €200k).[36] | 1 large project wins, and as many small projects as the budget allows. |
| France Grenoble |
2016 | 158,198 | 7,073[38] | €800,000 | 26 (13)[39][38] | Vote for 2 large projects (> €100k) and 5 small projects (< €100k).[40] | |
| France Grenoble |
2015 | 158,198 | 998[41] | €800,000[42] | 19 (9)[41] | Rank 2 of the large projects (> €100k) and 4 of the small projects (< €100k).[42] | |
| France Lille[a] |
2022 | 234,475 | 7,029[43] | €2,000,000[44] | 70 (20)[43] | 5-approval.[45] | €500,000 reserved for projects proposed by minors.[45] |
| France Lyon |
2022 | 522,969 | 6,000[46] | €12,500,000[47] | 217 (110)[48][49] | 10-approval.[50] | Voters have to vote for at least 3 projects. They can vote for projects in all districts, each of which has a separate maximum budget that can be spent on projects from that district.[51] |
| France Paris |
2023 | 2,165,423 | €75,960,000[52] | Grade projects on a 4-point scale.[53] | Majority judgment.[53] | ||
| France Paris |
2022 | 2,165,423 | 142,122[54] | €82,000,000[54] | 204 (62)[54] | Grade projects on a 4-point scale.[53] | Select a fixed number (2 or 3) of projects in each district with the highest median score (majority judgment).[53] |
| France Paris |
2021 | 2,165,423 | 106,326[55] | €75,000,000[55] | 217 (62)[55] | Grade projects on a 4-point scale.[53] | Select a fixed number (2 or 3) of projects in each district with the highest median score (majority judgment).[53] |
| France Paris |
2019 | 2,165,423 | 143,822[56] | €100,000,000[57] | 430 (192)[56] | 4-approval for city-wide and 4-approval for district projects.[58] | |
| France Paris |
2018 | 2,165,423 | 127,880[59] | €88,000,000[60] | 457 (180)[59] | 4-approval for city-wide and 4-approval for district projects.[58] | |
| France Paris |
2017 | 2,165,423 | 98,269[61] | €92,000,000[62] | 484 (196)[61] | 5-approval for city-wide and 5-approval for district projects.[58] | |
| France Paris |
2016 | 2,165,423 | 92 808[58] | €94,100,000[63] | 624 (219)[64][65] | 5-approval for city-wide and 5-approval for district projects.[58] | A minimum of 30 million euros must be allocated to projects in working-class neighborhoods. |
| France Paris |
2015 | 2,165,423 | 66,870[58] | €67,700,000[63] | 624 (188)[66] | 5-approval for city-wide and 5-approval for district projects.[58] | |
| France Paris |
2014 | 2,165,423 | 40,745[58] | €17,700,000[63] | 15 (9)[67] | 5-approval for city-wide projects.[58] | |
| France Saint-Denis |
2021 | 113,116 | 5,585[68] | €1,000,000[69] | 86 (24)[70] | Rank 3 projects in district and city-wide.[69] | Gives 3/2/1 points to the ranked projects.[68] |
| France Strasbourg |
2021 | 287,228 | €2,000,000[71] | 68 (19)[45][72] | Spread 5 points among projects.[73] | ||
| France Strasbourg |
2019 | 287,228 | 2,208[74] | €1,000,000[45] | 68 (31)[45] | Spread 5 points among projects.[74] | Winner selection somewhat ad hoc.[75] |
| France Toulouse |
2022 | 493,465 | 4,532[76] | €8,000,000[77] | 200 (83)[76] | 3-approval city-wide.[78] | Each district has a budget of €300,000. The remaining €2,000,000 can be used for projects from any district.[78] |
| France Toulouse |
2019 | 493,465 | 1,494[79] | €1,000,000[79] | 30 (14)[80] | Spread 7 points across projects, with each project getting at most 3 points.[81] | Budget was raised from €850,000 after the vote ended to fund more projects.[79] |
 Germany Wuppertal |
2021 | 355,004 | 6,000[82] | €200,000[83] | 31 (6)[83] | 5-approval city-wide.[84] | The budget was partially contributed by private partners. €20,000 of the budget was set aside for micro-projects with cost under €2,000. Shortlisting projects was partially achieved via a separate vote. |
 Hungary Budapest |
2024 | 1,752,286 | 29,000[85] | 1,000,000,000 Ft[85] | 175 (13)[85] | Five categories, 3 approvals per category | |
| Hungary Budapest |
2023 | 1,752,286 | 25,857[86] | 1,000,000,000 Ft[86] | (12) [86] | Five categories | |
| Hungary Budapest |
2022 | 1,752,286 | 21,858[87] | 1,000,000,000 Ft[88] | 49 (18)[87] | Projects come in three categories, vote for exactly 1 large project and 1 small project in each category.[89] | |
| Hungary Budapest |
2021 | 1,752,286 | 13,344[90] | 1,000,000,000 Ft[90] | 53 (15)[90] | Projects come in three categories, vote for exactly 1 project in each category.[91] | |
| Hungary Budapest XI. District (New Buda) |
2024 | 141,090 | 90,000,000 Ft[90] | Grade projects on a 6-point scale, across 6 districts.[90] | |||
| Hungary Budapest XIII. District |
2024 | 120,256 | 12,514[92] | 90,000,000 Ft[92] | Unlimited approvals per district (unlimited voting allowed in all districts for all voters), 15 districts | Districts match local council districts. | |
| Hungary Budapest XIII. District |
2023 | 120,256 | 12,365[93] | 60,000,000 Ft | 105 (40)[93] | Unlimited approvals per district (unlimited voting allowed in all districts for all voters), 15 districts | Districts match local council districts. |
| Hungary Budapest XIII. District |
2022 | 120,256 | 60,000,000 Ft | [94] | Unlimited approvals per district (unlimited voting allowed in all districts for all voters), 15 districts | Districts match local council districts. | |
| Hungary Budapest XIII. District |
2021 | 120,256 | 2541[92] | 60,000,000 Ft | 109 (40) | Unlimited approvals per district (unlimited voting allowed in all districts for all voters), 15 districts | Districts match local council districts. |
| Hungary Budapest III. District (Óbuda-Békásmegyer) |
2024 | 124,746 | 20,150[95] | 100,000,000 Ft[96] | 30 (10)[96] | 1 approval per district (voting allowed in all districts for all voters), 10 districts[96] | |
| Hungary Budapest III. District (Óbuda-Békásmegyer) |
2023 | 124,746 | 100,000,000 Ft[citation needed] | 30 (10)[97] | 1 approval per district (voting allowed in all districts for all voters), 10 districts[97] | ||
| Hungary Budapest III. District (Óbuda-Békásmegyer) |
2022 | 124,746 | 7290[98] | 100,000,000 Ft[citation needed] | 30 (10)[98] | 1 approval per district (voting allowed in all districts for all voters), 10 districts[98] | |
| Hungary Budapest III. District (Óbuda-Békásmegyer) |
2021 | 124,746 | 6500[99] | 75,000,000 Ft[99] | 30 (10)[99] | 1 approval per district (voting allowed in all districts for all voters), 10 districts[99] | |
| Hungary Budapest III. District (Óbuda-Békásmegyer) |
2020 | 124,746 | 50,000,000 Ft[100] | 30 (10)[100] | 1 approval per district (voting allowed in all districts for all voters), 10 districts[100] | ||
| Hungary Miskolc |
2024 | 147,533 | 244 | 40,000,000 Ft[101] | 45 (3) | Knapsack vote (three nominal categories, independent of approvals) | |
| Hungary Miskolc |
2023 | 147,533 | 107 | 40,000,000 Ft | 48 (12) | Knapsack vote (three nominal categories, independent of approvals)[citation needed] | |
| Hungary Miskolc |
2022 | 147,533 | 134 | 40,000,000 Ft | 38 (10) | Knapsack vote (three nominal categories, independent of approvals)[citation needed] | |
| Hungary Pécs |
2024 | 139,330 | 10,334 | 100,000,000 Ft[102] | 50 (10)[102] | 2 approvals (1 in "home" zone, 1 in another "zone" - 10 zones in total)[102] | |
| Hungary Pécs |
2023 | 139,330 | 6168 | 100,000,000 Ft[102] | 50 (10)[102] | Single choice in "home" zone (10 zones in total)[103] | |
 Iceland Reykjavík |
2021 | 133,262[104] | 18,389[105] | ISK 850,000,000[105] | 277 (111)[105] | Knapsack vote with option to "star" one project, giving it 2 votes[106] | |
| Iceland Reykjavík |
2019 | 128,793[104] | 13,608[107] | ISK 450,000,000[107] | 239 (91)[108][107] | Knapsack vote with option to "star" one project, giving it 2 votes[109] | |
| Iceland Reykjavík |
2018 | 126,041[104] | 13,003[110] | ISK 450,000,000[111] | 238 (88)[111] | Knapsack vote with option to "star" one project, giving it 2 votes[112] | |
| Iceland Reykjavík |
2017 | 123,246[104] | 11,113[113] | ISK 450,000,000[113] | 230 (76)[114] | Knapsack vote with option to "star" one project, giving it 2 votes[115] | |
| Iceland Reykjavík |
2016 | 122,460[104] | 9,292[116] | ISK 455,700,000[117] | 190 (112)[117] | Knapsack vote[118] | |
 Italy Bologna |
2020 | 394,843 | 22,247[119] | €2,000,000[119] | 79 (24)[120] | Choose 1 redevelopment (investment) project, and 1 neighborhood priority.[119] | For redevelopment projects, the most voted proposal of each district is implemented. For neighborhood priorities, the top 3 of each district are implemented and are funded with 75,000, 55,000 and 28,000 euros, respectively.[119] |
| Italy Bologna |
2018 | 394,843 | 16,348[121] | €1,000,000[122] | 33 (6)[121] | Choose 1 project.[123] | For each district, the most voted project of each district is implemented.[122] |
| Italy Bologna |
2017 | 394,843 | 14,584[124] | €1,000,000[124] | 27 (6)[124] | Choose 1 project.[125] | For each district, the most voted project of each district is implemented.[126] |
| Italy Milan |
2018 | 1,396,059 | 17,627[127] | €4,500,000[128] | 47 (12)[127] | 3-approval.[129] | 3 projects funded with reduced budget.[127] |
| Italy Rome |
2019 | 2,860,009 | 16,993[130] | €20,000,000[130] | 111 (65)[130] | 3-approval, city-wide.[131] | Focussed on urban decor.[132] Budget allocation to districts was partially based on district area. Bonus budget went to the district with highest turnout. |
 Latvia Riga |
2022 | 660,187 | 42,692[133] | €693,000[133] | 30 (11)[133] | Knapsack vote.[133] | |
| Latvia Riga |
2021 | 660,187 | 19,011[134] | €606,032[134] | 22 (10)[134] | Knapsack vote.[134] | |
| Latvia Riga |
2020 | 660,187 | 23,915[135] | €500,000[135] | 15 (6)[135] | Knapsack vote.[135] | |
| Latvia Riga |
2019 | 660,187 | 10,065[136] | €494,797[136] | 14 (6)[136] | Knapsack vote.[136] | |
 Poland Gdańsk |
2022 | 486,271[137] | 41,217[138] | 22,063,118zł[139] | 305 (117)[140] | Choose 1 city-wide project, 1 city-wide green project, 1 district green project, and spread 5 points across projects in any district.[141] | |
| Poland Gdańsk |
2021 | 486,271[137] | 43,190[142] | 20,830,669zł[143] | 387 (121)[142] | Choose 1 city-wide project, 1 city-wide green project, 1 district green project, and spread 5 points across projects in any district.[142] | Projects need at least 200 points to win (400 points for city-wide projects).[144] |
| Poland Gdańsk |
2020 | 486,542[137] | 40,383[145] | 18,428,001zł[145] | 357 (115)[146] | Choose 1 city-wide project, 1 city-wide green project, 1 district green project, and spread 5 points across projects in any district.[147] | |
| Poland Gdańsk |
2019 | 470,907[137] | 53,025[148] | 18,543,609zł[149] | 331 (75)[148] | Choose 1 city-wide project, and spread 5 points across projects in any district.[148] | |
| Poland Gdańsk |
2018 | 466,631[137] | 48,760[150] | 19,549,000zł[151] | 319 (82)[150] | Choose 1 city-wide project, and spread 5 points across projects in any district.[152] | Projects must receive at least 100 votes to win. Unused funds are saved for the following year.[153] |
| Poland Gdańsk |
2017 | 464,254[137] | 44,655[154] | 14,000,000zł[155] | 297 (103)[155] | Choose 1 city-wide project, and spread 5 points across projects in any district.[154] | |
| Poland Gdańsk |
2016 | 463,754[137] | 36,971[156] | 12,500,000zł[156] | 254 (91)[156] | Choose 1 city-wide project, and spread 5 points across projects in any district.[157] | |
| Poland Gdynia |
2021 | 243,918 | 25,532[158] | 11,148,564zł[158] | 297 (123)[158] | 3-approval for city, district (small projects), district (large projects)[159] | One project was partially funded by a donor who contributed 356zł[159] |
| Poland Gdynia |
2020 | 243,918 | 28,943[160] | 10,608,600zł[160] | 281 (130)[160] | 3-approval for city, district (small projects), district (large projects)[161] | |
| Poland Gdynia |
2019 | 243,918 | 31,263[162] | 10,178,864zł[162] | 275 (117)[162] | Rank 5 projects in city and in district.[163] | City and district councils decided to fund some projects that did not fit in the available budget. |
| Poland Gdynia |
2018 | 243,918 | 30,301[164] | 5,898,400zł[164] | 97 (31)[164] | Rank 5 projects in district.[165] | As incentive, the district with the highest turnout gets an extra "+1" project funded. |
| Poland Gdynia |
2017 | 243,918 | 36,525[166] | 5,310,198zł[166] | 132 (32)[166] | Rank 5 projects in district.[167] | As incentive, the district with the highest turnout gets an extra "+1" project funded. |
| Poland Gdynia |
2016 | 243,918 | 44,167[168] | 5,203,543zł[168] | 141 (31)[168] | Rank 5 projects in district (5 points for the top rank, 4 points for the second rank, etc).[169] | As incentive, the district with the highest turnout gets an extra "+1" project funded. |
| Poland Gdynia |
2015 | 243,918 | 47,612[170] | 4,597,796zł[171] | 177 (40)[172] | Knapsack vote.[169] | |
| Poland Gdynia |
2014 | 243,918 | 40,863[173] | 3,000,000zł[173] | 234 (41)[173] | Knapsack vote.[174] | Unspent funds (in 2014, 597,796zł) carry over to the next year. 11 of the 41 winning projects concerned the development of outdoor gyms. |
| Poland Kraków |
2021 | 782,137 | 51,229[175] | 35,000,000zł[175] | 596 (180)[175] | Rank 3 projects in city and in district.[176] | |
| Poland Kraków |
2020 | 782,137 | 44,800[177] | 32,000,000zł[177] | 574 (195)[177] | Rank 3 projects in city and in district.[178] | |
| Poland Kraków |
2019 | 782,137 | 50,004[179] | 30,000,000zł[179] | 557 (171)[180] | Rank 3 projects in city and in district.[181] | Voters were entered into a lottery to win 100 tablet computers.[181] |
| Poland Poznań |
2021 | 529,410[137] | 85,115[182] | 22,000,000zł[183] | 150 (35)[182] | Choose 1 city-wide project, 1 green project, 2 district projects.[183] | Separate district elections plus city-wide and green election. |
| Poland Poznań |
2020 | 532,048[137] | 87,575[184] | 21,000,000zł[184] | 175 (34)[184] | Choose 1 city-wide project, 1 green project, 2 district projects.[185] | Separate district elections plus city-wide and green election. |
| Poland Poznań |
2019 | 534,813[137] | 68,089[186] | 21,000,000zł[187] | 239 (35)[187] | Choose 1 city-wide project, and 2 district projects.[188] | Separate district elections plus city-wide election. |
| Poland Poznań |
2018 | 536,438[137] | 55,631[189] | 20,000,000zł[189] | 259 (30)[190] | Choose 1 city-wide project, and 2 district projects.[191] | Separate district elections plus city-wide election. |
| Poland Warsaw |
2022 | 1,792,718[192] | 93,539[193] | 93,575,094zł[193] | 1429 (349)[193] | 15-approval in district, 10-approval city-wide.[194] | |
| Poland Warsaw |
2021 | 1,792,718[192] | 109,025[195] | 83,000,000zł[195] | 1503 (359)[195] | 15-approval in district, 10-approval city-wide.[196] | |
| Poland Warsaw |
2020 | 1,794,166[192] | 105,822[197] | 83,000,000zł[197] | 1425 (414)[197] | 15-approval in district, 10-approval city-wide.[198] | |
| Poland Warsaw |
2019 | 1,790,658[192] | 89,807[199] | 64,000,000zł[200] | 1628 (850)[200] | Knapsack vote. Vote for projects in a single neighborhood.[201] | In some districts, can vote (knapsack) for the district and vote (knapsack) for a neighborhood. |
| Poland Warsaw |
2018 | 1,777,972[192] | 117,381[202] | 61,419,912zł[202] | 1808 (881)[202] | ||
| Poland Warsaw |
2017 | 1,764,615[192] | 128,406[203] | 58,588,894zł[203] | 1749 (770)[203] | Knapsack vote. Vote for projects in a single neighborhood.[204] | In some districts, can vote (knapsack) for the district and vote (knapsack) for a neighborhood. |
| Poland Warsaw |
2016 | 1,753,977[192] | 172,395[205] | 51,000,000zł[205] | 1464 (644)[205] | Knapsack vote. Vote for projects in a single neighborhood.[206] | In some districts, can vote (knapsack) for the district and vote (knapsack) for a neighborhood. |
| Poland Warsaw |
2015 | 1,744,351[192] | 166,893[207] | 26,000,000zł[208] | 1390 (336)[208] | 5-approval. Vote for projects in a single neighborhood.[209] | In some districts, can vote (5-approval) for the district and vote (5-approval) for a neighborhood. |
| Poland Wrocław |
2022 | 642,687[137] | 86,750[210] | 30,000,000zł[211] | 170 (17)[212] | Choose 1 local project and 1 global project.[211] | Separate budget limit for local and global projects, but no separate elections per district. |
| Poland Wrocław |
2021 | 642,687[137] | 89,933[213] | 25,000,000zł[214] | 173 (20)[215] | Choose 1 local project and 1 global project.[214] | Separate budget limit for local and global projects, but no separate elections per district. |
| Poland Wrocław |
2020 | 641,928[137] | 95,206[216] | 25,000,000zł[217] | 199 (20)[218] | Choose 1 local project and 1 global project.[217] | Separate budget limit for local and global projects, but no separate elections per district. |
| Poland Wrocław |
2019 | 642,869[137] | 86,484[219] | 25,000,000zł[220] | 235 (20)[221] | Choose 1 local project and 1 global project.[220] | Separate budget limit for local and global projects, but no separate elections per district. |
| Poland Wrocław |
2018 | 640,648[137] | 68,670[222] | 25,250,000zł[223] | 263 (63)[224] | Choose 1 small local project, 1 large local project, 2 city-wide projects, 1 monument project.[223] | Each district is allocated the same budget. |
| Poland Wrocław |
2017 | 638,586[137] | 97,043[225] | 25,000,000zł[226] | 372 (64)[227] | Choose 1 small local project, 1 large local project, 2 city-wide projects.[226] | Each district is allocated the same budget. |
| Poland Łódź |
2021 | 664,071[137] | 87,397[228] | 26,000,000zł[228] | 716 (257)[229] | 5-approval for local projects and 5-approval for global projects.[228] | Separate district elections plus city-wide election. Voter can vote for local projects in two districts. |
| Poland Łódź |
2020 | 672,185[137] | 68,329[230] | 24,000,000zł[231] | 601 (242)[231][230] | 5-approval for local projects and 5-approval for global projects.[231] | Separate district elections plus city-wide election. Voter can vote for local projects in two districts. |
| Poland Łódź |
2019 | 679,941[137] | 162,658[232] | 50,000,000zł[232] | 1043 (261)[232] | 5-approval.[233] | Separate district elections. Voter can vote for local projects in all districts. |
| Poland Łódź |
2018 | 685,285[137] | 113,764[234] | 40,000,000zł[235] | 837 (235)[234][236] | 5-approval for local projects and 5-approval for global projects.[237] | Separate district elections plus city-wide election. Voter can vote for local projects in one district. |
| Poland Łódź |
2017 | 690,422[137] | 97,974[238] | 40,000,000zł[239] | 730 (233)[239] | 5-approval for local projects and 5-approval for global projects.[240] | Separate district elections plus city-wide election. Voter can vote for local projects in one district. |
 Portugal Portugal |
2018 | 10,276,617 | 71,125[241][b] | €5,000,000[242] | 691 (22)[242] | Choose 1 nation-wide project and 1 regional project.[243] | Could vote online or by SMS. |
| Portugal Portugal |
2017 | 10,291,027 | 45,000[244][b] | €3,000,000[245] | 599 (38)[245] | Choose 1 nation-wide project and 1 regional project.[246] | Could vote online or by SMS. |
 Spain Barcelona |
2021 | 1,620,343 | 39,433[247] | €30,000,000[248] | 184 (76)[248] | Knapsack vote. Each voter can vote in their district of residence and a second freely chosen district. | |
| Spain Madrid |
2022 | 3,223,334 | 36,265[249] | €50,000,000[250] | 209 (132)[249][251] | Knapsack vote with negative votes.[252] Negative votes subtract 0.33 points. | |
| Spain Madrid |
2019 | 3,223,334 | 32,418[253] | €100,000,000[254] | 693 (369)[253] | Knapsack vote.[255] | |
| Spain Madrid |
2018 | 3,223,334 | 56,082[256] | €100,000,000[257] | 702 (328)[256][258] | Knapsack vote.[259] | |
| Spain Madrid |
2017 | 3,223,334 | 38,866[260] | €100,000,000[261] | 720 (311)[260][262] | Knapsack vote. | |
| Spain Madrid |
2016 | 3,223,334 | 32,817[263] | €60,000,000[261] | 623 (206)[263][264] | Knapsack vote. | |
| Spain Valencia |
2021 | 789,744 | 20,611[265] | €8,000,000[266] | 283 (139)[265] | Knapsack vote.[267] | |
| Spain Valencia |
2019 | 789,744 | 14,530[268] | €8,000,000[268] | 63 (21)[268] | Knapsack vote. | Single city-wide election.[268] |
| Spain Valencia |
2018 | 789,744 | 14,455[269] | €8,000,000[269] | 202 (103)[269] | Knapsack vote. | |
| Spain Valencia |
2017 | 789,744 | 12,987[270] | €7,000,000[270] | 47 (7)[270] | Knapsack vote. | Single city-wide election. |
| Spain Valencia |
2017 | 789,744 | 12,407[271] | €7,000,000[271] | 115 (71)[271] | Knapsack vote. | |
 Switzerland Lausanne |
2022 | 139,111 | 18,355[272] | CHF 175,000[273] | 21 (12)[272] | Approval vote. | Need to vote for at least 3 projects, no maximum.[274] |
| Switzerland Lausanne |
2021 | 139,111 | 3,078[275] | CHF 175,000[275] | 15 (11)[275] | Knapsack vote. | CHF 12,928 were left unspent.[275] |
| Switzerland Zürich |
2021 | 434,335 | 1,804[276] | CHF 540,000[276] | 135 (61)[276] | Knapsack vote in one of 4 districts. | |
 USA Cambridge |
2021 | 118,403 | 7,441[277] | US$1,000,000[277] | 20 (7)[277] | 5-approval.[278] | Budget overshot to fund 7th project. |
| USA Cambridge |
2020 | 118,403 | 7,250[279] | US$500,000[280] | 16 (7)[279] | 5-approval.[278] | Budget overshot to US$525,000. |
| USA Cambridge |
2019 | 118,403 | 7,602[281] | US$1,000,000[281] | 20 (8)[281] | 5-approval.[281] | Budget overshot to US$1,125,000. |
| USA Cambridge |
2018 | 118,403 | 6,849[282] | US$900,000[282] | 20 (6)[282] | 5-approval.[282] | Budget overshot to US$925,000. |
| USA Cambridge |
2017 | 118,403 | 6,778[283] | US$800,000[283] | 20 (7)[283] | 5-approval.[283] | Budget overshot to US$867,000. |
| USA Cambridge |
2016 | 118,403 | 4,730[284] | US$700,000[285] | 20 (7)[284] | 5-approval.[284] | Budget overshot to US$706,000. |
| USA Cambridge |
2015 | 118,403 | 4,184[286] | US$600,000[286] | 23 (7)[286] | 6-approval.[286] | One project's budget was reduced to fit in the budget.[287] |
| USA Cambridge |
2015 | 118,403 | 2,727[288] | US$500,000[289] | 20 (6)[288] | 5-approval.[288] | Pilot. Budget overshot to US$528,000. |
| USA Greensboro |
2019 | 299,035 | 3,961[290] | US$500,000[291] | 26 (20)[292] | Some projects received partial funding to fit within the budget. 5 separate district elections. | |
| USA New York City[c] |
2019 | 5,080,147[d] | 118,308[294] | US$39,000,000[294] | 346 (145)[295] | 5-approval. | Residents of 32 city council districts were able to vote on projects in their district. |
| USA New York City[c] |
2018 | 4,288,042[d] | 99,252[296] | US$28,500,000[296] | 303 (122)[297] | 5-approval. | Residents of 27 city council districts were able to vote on projects in their district. |
| USA New York City[c] |
2017 | 4,772,217[d] | 102,800[298] | US$40,000,000[298] | 394 (138)[298] | 5-approval.[299] | Residents of 31 city council districts were able to vote on projects in their district. |
| USA New York City[c] |
2016 | 4,408,140[d] | 67,690[300] | US$38,295,700[300] | 379 (132)[300] | 5-approval. | Residents of 28 city council districts were able to vote on projects in their district. |
| USA New York City[c] |
2015 | 3,806,281[d] | 51,362[301] | US$32,459,025[301] | 348 (114)[302][303] | 5-approval. | Residents of 24 city council districts were able to vote on projects in their district. |
| USA Vallejo |
2021 | 126,090 | 1,909[304] | US$500,000[305] | 11 (8)[304] | ||
| USA Vallejo |
2019 | 126,090 | US$1,000,000[306] | 12 (9)[306] | 2-approval.[307] | ||
| USA Vallejo |
2018 | 126,090 | 5,205[308] | US$1,000,000[309] | 10 (10)[309] | 2-approval.[310] | 1 project received partial funding. |
| USA Vallejo |
2017 | 126,090 | 4,216[311] | US$1,000,000[312] | 19 (4)[313] | 4-approval.[314] | |
| USA Vallejo |
2015 | 126,090 | 3,098[315] | US$1,000,000[315] | 25 (5)[315] | Vote for 1 of 2 "people projects" and for 4 of 17 "infrastructure projects".[316] | |
| USA Vallejo |
2014 | 126,090 | 3,098[317] | US$2,440,000[317] | 42 (8)[317] | 5-approval.[318] | |
| USA Vallejo |
2013 | 126,090 | 3,917[319] | US$3,200,000[319] | 33 (12)[319] | 6-approval.[320] |
See also
- Participatory budgeting by country
- Nashville[321] and Jersey City[322] have also done PB. According to Yang et al.,[323] they used an unusual input method: quadratic voting.
Notes
- This is the number of votes for regional projects. Each voter has two votes (regional/national), but only the total number of votes, not of individual voters, was reported. In 2018, there were 71,125 regional votes and 48,578 national votes. In 2017, there were "about 45 thousand" votes for regional projects, and about 35 thousand for national projects.
- This is the sum of the populations of the participating city council districts according to the 2010 census.[293]
References
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