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List of political parties in Taiwan

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This article lists the political parties in the Republic of China (Taiwan) from 7 December 1949.

The organization of political parties in Taiwan is governed by the Political Parties Act, enacted on 6 December 2017. The Political Parties Act defines political parties as "political groups consisting of ROC citizens with a common political ideology who safeguard the free, democratic, constitutional order, assist in shaping the political will of the people, and nominate candidates for election to public office."[1][2]

Prior to the passage of the Political Parties Act, political organizations in Taiwan followed the Civil Associations Act, also known as the Civil Organizations Act, promulgated in 1989.[1][2] The Civil Associations Act required that groups held a convention to announce the formation of a political party, and within thirty days of the announcement, provide a list of party members and a party charter to the Ministry of the Interior.[3] Groups established when the Civil Associations Act was in effect should have revised their charters to comply with the Political Parties Act by 7 December 2019. To be compliant with the Political Parties Act, political groups must additionally convene a representative assembly or party congress for four consecutive years and have followed relevant laws and regulations governing the nomination of candidates to campaign in elections for public office for the same time period. Within one year of filing for political party status, a political group must complete legal person registration. The Ministry of the Interior requires that political parties submit annual property and financial statements. Political organizations that do not meet these regulations were dissolved and removed from the registry of political parties.[1][2]

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Current parties

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Parties with national or local representation

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    Historical parties

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    Taiwan under Japanese rule

    See also: Taiwan under Japanese rule and Political parties of the Empire of Japan

    Political party movements in Taiwan started in the late 1910s after World War I, during the Taishō era (Taishō democracy). Taiwanese political movements at this time were to modify the discriminatory colonial laws established in earlier years, and to set up local autonomy systems like in Mainland Japan. The largest political movement at this time was the Petition Movement for the Establishment of a Taiwanese Parliament. At the same time, the International Communist Movement also influenced Taiwan, many Left-wing parties and organizations were also established.

    Notable Taiwanese parties during this time are:

    • Taiwan Dōkakai (Chinese: 臺灣同化會; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tâi-oân Tông-hòa-hōe, Japanese: Taiwan Dōkakai)
    • New People Society (新民會; Sin-bîn-hōe; Shinminkai)
    • Taiwanese Cultural Association (臺灣文化協會; Tâi-oân Bûn-hòa Hia̍p-hōe; Taiwan Bunka Kyōkai)
    • Taiwanese Federation of Workers' Unions (臺灣工友總聯盟; Tâi-oân Kang-iú Chóng Liân-bêng; Taiwan Kōyū Sōrenmei)
    • Taiwanese Peasants Union (臺灣農民組合; Tâi-oân Lông-bîn Cho͘-ha̍p; Taiwan Nōmin Kumiai)
    • Taiwanese Communist Party (臺灣共產黨; Tâi-oân Kiōng-sán Tóng; Taiwan Kyōsan-tō)
    • Taiwanese People's Party (臺灣民眾黨; Tâi-oân Bîn-chiòng Tóng; Taiwan Minshu-tō)
    • Taiwan Local Autonomy Union (臺灣地方自治聯盟; Tâi-oân Tē-hng Chū-tī Liân-bêng; Taiwan Tihō-jiti Renmei)

    At the same time, the political parties in Mainland Japan also affected Taiwan. Those who served as Governor-General of Taiwan were also members of the House of Peers of the Imperial Diet (帝国議会). Party affiliations of the Governor-Generals were:

    In the late 1930s, the Empire of Japan joined the Second World War. To prepare for the Pacific War, all political parties in Mainland Japan were merged by then-Prime Minister Fumimaro Konoe into a single organization

    with its Taiwanese branch

    was the only legal political party-like organization in Taiwan until the end of World War II.

    Taiwan under the Republic of China

    See also: History of Taiwan since 1945 and List of political parties in China

    Taiwan was ceded back to the Republic of China, founded in 1912 on the mainland, on 25 October 1945. From 1945 until 1949, political parties in China which had operated covertly under Japanese rule were permitted to operate in Taiwan province. The ruling Kuomintang set up formal branches in Taiwan, and so did other major political parties including the Chinese Communist Party (in 1946). Although it had no formal connection with the Taiwanese Communist Party suppressed by Japanese authorities in the 1930s (which was instead affiliated with the Communist Party of Japan), the Taiwan branch of the Chinese Communist Party absorbed many former members of the Taiwanese Communist Party. However, against the backdrop of the Chinese Civil War which erupted soon after the retrocession of Taiwan, the Kuomintang-controlled Republic of China government attempted to restrict the operation of Chinese Communist Party cells in Taiwan, and other opposition parties.

    With the Republic of China government rapidly losing the Chinese Civil War against the Chinese Communist Party, the ruling Kuomintang began preparing to move the government to Taiwan in 1949. Taiwan was placed under martial law from 19 May 1949 to 15 July 1987. The Taiwan provincial branch of the Chinese Communist Party was particularly targeted, and by 1952 had been completely destroyed.

    During this time, all forms of opposition were forbidden by the government, only three political parties that retreated to Taiwan were allowed to participate the elections.

    All other oppositions who were not allowed not form a political party could only be listed as "independent candidate". These movements were called Tangwai movement (黨外, literally outside of Kuomintang). A notable exception in this era was

    It was established "illegally" on 28 September 1986, then was legalized in the next year by the lifting of the martial law.

    As Taiwan democratized in the late 1980s, the number of legally registered political parties in Taiwan had increased exponentially and continued to increase year by year, indicating a liberal democracy and high political freedom in Taiwan.

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    In recent decades, Taiwan's political campaigns can be classified to two ideological blocs

    The majority in both coalitions state a desire to maintain the status quo for now. Many minor parties in Taiwan are unaligned with either coalition.

    On 6 December 2017, the Political Parties Act (政黨法) was enforced. The Act requires the political parties to maintain a number of compliance, including

    By the end of 2018, among the 343 existing political party declarations: 220 have met the new compliance, 56 chose to dissolve or transformed to a national political association.

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    Notes

      1. [n 1]
        Labor Party, PDP, and CUPP are not included in Pan-Blue coalition.
      2. [n 2]
        Kuomintang officially supports 'Republic of China'-led unification. However, some KMT members are skeptical of Chinese unification, oppose Republic of Taiwan independence and support Republic of China independence.[5][6][7][8]
      3. [n 3]
        NPP is being disputed as a member of Pan-Green coalition, see DPP-NPP Relationship [zh-yue].
      4. [n 4]
        Including 2 independent Yuan members joining the KMT Caucus
      5. [n 5]
        KMT's prior body was Revive China Society (興中會; xīngzhōnghuì), founded on 24 November 1894. It officially renamed itself as China Nationalist Party (中國國民黨) in 1919.
      6. [n 6]
        The prior body of China Democratic Socialist Party (中國民主社會黨) was China National Socialist Party (中國國家社會黨), which was founded on 16 April 1932. It renamed itself as China Democratic Socialist Party (中國民主社會黨) on 15 August 1946.

      Words in native languages

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