List of wars involving the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth

This article is about wars involving Poland and Lithuania during 1569–1795. For other wars involving Poland, see List of wars involving Poland. For other wars involving Lithuania, see List of wars involving Lithuania.

This is a list of wars involving the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1569–1795).^[a]

  Victory

  Defeat

  Another result*

*e.g. result unknown or indecisive/inconclusive, result of internal conflict inside Poland–Lithuania, status quo ante bellum, or a treaty or peace without a clear result.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

Date	Conflict	Combatant 1	Combatant 2	Results
1558–1583[1]	Livonian War[1] Russian invasion of Livonia (1558–1560)[2] Lithuanian–Muscovite war (1562–1570) Truce 1570–1576 Livonian campaign of Stephen Báthory (1577–1582)[3]	Livonian Confederation (1558–61, Lithuanian protectorate since 1559[2]) Grand Duchy of Lithuania (1559–61, 1562–69) From 1569:[3] Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1569–70, 1577–82)[4] Principality of Transylvania (1577–82) Crimean Khanate[5] Denmark–Norway (1560–62, 75–83) Kingdom of Sweden (1560–64, 70–75, 77–83) Zaporozhian Cossacks	Tsardom of Russia Qasim Khanate	Polish–Lithuanian, Dano–Norwegian and Swedish victory Livonia, Courland and Semigallia to Poland–Lithuania Estonia to Sweden Ösel to Denmark–Norway Military and economic disaster for Russia (Muscovy)[b]
1587–1588	War of the Polish Succession (1587–1588) Siege of Kraków Battle of Byczyna	Sigismund III Supporters of Sigismund Vasa, mainly Poles	Maximilian III Supporters of Maximilian of Austria, mainly Germans, but including many Poles and Hungarians	Sigismund victory
1598–1599	War against Sigismund	Polish–Swedish union under Sigismund III Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Swedish Empire	Protestant Swedish separatists Duke Charles of Södermanland	Defeat End of Polish–Swedish union Charles became king of Sweden (1604)
1600–1629	Polish–Swedish War (1600–1629) Polish–Swedish War (1600–1611) Polish–Swedish War (1617–1618) Polish–Swedish War (1621–1625) Polish–Swedish War (1626–1629)	Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Holy Roman Empire (1626–29)	Kingdom of Sweden (known as Swedish Empire after 1611)	Defeat 1611: disputed; status quo 1618: indecisive; 1625: Swedish victory 1629: Swedish victory
1605–1618	Polish–Muscovite War (1605–1618) (Dmytriads)	Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth False Dmitry I False Dmitry II	Tsardom of Russia Swedish Empire Don Cossacks	Costly victory Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth reached largest territorial extent Sigismund renounced Russian throne
1606–1608	Zebrzydowski Rebellion	Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth	Rokosz	Government victory
1618–1648	Thirty Years' War Battle of Humenné[8]	Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Holy Roman Empire Spanish Empire Kingdom of Hungary	Swedish Empire Denmark Dutch Republic Kingdom of France	Peace of Westphalia
1620–1621	Polish–Ottoman War (1620–1621)	Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Zaporozhian Cossacks	Ottoman Empire Crimean Khanate Principality of Wallachia	Treaty of Khotyn
1632–1634	Smolensk War	Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Zaporozhian Cossacks	Tsardom of Russia	Victory Treaty of Polyanovka (Polanów)
1633–1634	Polish–Ottoman War (1633–1634)	Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth	Ottoman Empire Crimean Khanate Principality of Wallachia Principality of Moldavia Budjak Horde	Inconclusive
1648–1657	Khmelnytsky Uprising	Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Crimean Khanate	Cossack Hetmanate Crimean Khanate	Defeat Loss of the Cossack Hetmanate (vassalised by the Tsardom of Russia) The Ruin (Ukrainian history)
1654–1667	Russo-Polish War (1654–1667)	Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Cossack Hetmanate Crimean Khanate Brandenburg-Prussia	Tsardom of Russia Cossack Hetmanate	Defeat
1655–1661	Second Northern War The (Russo-)Swedish Deluge (in Poland) The Ruin (in Ukraine)	Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Denmark–Norway Habsburg Monarchy Tsardom of Russia (1656–1658) Crimean Khanate Dutch Republic Brandenburg-Prussia (1655–1656, 1657–1660)	Swedish Empire Principality of Transylvania Cossack Hetmanate (1657)[9] Grand Duchy of Lithuania Wallachia Moldavia Brandenburg-Prussia (1656–1657)	Treaty of Oliva
1667–1671	Polish–Cossack–Tatar War (1666–1671)	Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth	Crimean Khanate Cossack Hetmanate	Victory Polish–Ottoman War (1672–1676)
1672–1676	Polish–Ottoman War (1672–1676)	Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Wallachia	Ottoman Empire Crimean Khanate Principality of Moldavia Cossack Hetmanate Lipka Tatars	Defeat Treaty of Buchach Treaty of Żurawno[10]
1683–1699	Great Turkish War Polish–Ottoman War (1683–1699) Russo-Turkish War (1686–1700)	Holy Roman Empire HRE states Habsburg monarchy Bavaria Franconia  Saxony Swabia Duchy of Styria Royal Hungary Kingdom of Croatia Duchy of Mantua Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Tsardom of Russia Cossack Hetmanate Republic of Venice Spanish Empire Montenegro rebel factions Albanian rebels Serbian rebels Greek rebels Bulgarian rebels Romanian rebels Croatian rebels	Ottoman Empire Vassal states: Crimean Khanate Shamkhalate of Tarki[11] Upper Hungary (1683–5) Moldavia Wallachia Transylvania	Treaty of Karlowitz
1697–1702	Lithuanian Civil War (1697–1702)	House of Sapieha	Radziwiłł House of Wiśniowiecki Pac family Ogiński family
1700–1721	Great Northern War Civil war in Poland (1704–1706) (list of battles)	Swedish Empire Holstein-Gottorp (1700–1714) Warsaw Confederation (1704–1709) Ottoman Empire (1710–1714) Crimean Khanate (1710–1714) Cossack Hetmanate (1708–1714) Dutch Republic (1700) England (1700) Scotland (1700)  Ireland (1700) Great Britain (1719–1720)	Tsardom of Russia Cossack Hetmanate Kalmyk Khanate Saxony (1700–1706, 1709–1719) Duchy of Courland (1700–1701) Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1701–1704, 1709–1719) Sandomierz Confederation (1704–1709) Denmark–Norway (1700, 1709–1720) Prussia (1715–1720) Hanover (1715–1719) Great Britain (1717–1719) Montenegro (1711–1712) Moldavia (1711)	Inconclusive for the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Treaty of Altranstädt (1706) 1720 Stockholm ceasefire offer [de; cs]; not signed by Poland–Lithuania or Saxony 1729 Stockholm peace declaration [de; cs; sv]; signed by Saxony 1732 peace declaration [cs; sv]; signed by Poland–Lithuania
1704–1706	Civil war in Poland (1704–1706) (part of the Great Northern War)	Warsaw Confederation Supported by: Swedish Empire	Sandomierz Confederation Supported by: Tsardom of Russia	Warsaw Confederation victory Treaty of Altranstädt
1733–1738	War of the Polish Succession	Poland loyal to Stanisław I Supported by: Kingdom of France Kingdom of Spain Duchy of Savoy Kingdom of Sardinia Duchy of Parma	Poland loyal to Augustus III Supported by: Russian Empire Habsburg monarchy Holy Roman Empire (from 1734) Electorate of Saxony Kingdom of Prussia	Treaty of Vienna (1738) Augustus III confirmed as king of Poland and grand duke of Lithuania Stanisław received Lorraine as compensation
1768–1772	War of the Bar Confederation (list of battles)	Bar Confederation	Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Russian Empire Kingdom of Prussia Habsburg monarchy[c]	Defeat of the Bar Confederation First Partition of Poland (1772)
1792	Polish–Russian War of 1792 (list of battles)	Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth	Russian Empire Targowica Confederation	Defeat Constitution of 3 May 1791 Second Partition of Poland (1792)
1794	Kościuszko Uprising (list of battles)	Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Tadeusz Kościuszko Jan Henryk Dąbrowski	Russian Empire Kingdom of Prussia Habsburg monarchy[d]	Defeat Third Partition of Poland (1795): Polish– Lithuanian Commonwealth ceased to exist.

Notes

1. Also known as the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Poland–Lithuania, Republic of Both Nations, Rzeczpospolita, Žečpospolita, Річ Посполита (Rich Pospolyta), and other names.
2. "Skrynnikov's data support the conclusion that the combination of the oprichnina and the Livonian War, which wrought economic havoc on their estates, ruined many pomeshchiki and weakened Muscovy's military might. (...) the human and economic resources on much of that territory were exhausted."^[6] "The reign of Ivan IV the Terrible was, in short, a disaster for Muscovy. (...) his subjects were impoverished, his economic resources depleted, his army weakened, and his realm militarily defeated."^[7]
3. The Habsburg monarchy (Austria) did not engage in active hostilities during the War of the Bar Confederation, but it did join Russia and Prussia in carrying out the First Partition of Poland in the war's aftermath in 1772, occupying Commonwealth towns and cities in its allotted partition.
4. The Habsburg monarchy (Austria) did not engage in active hostilities during the Kościuszko Uprising, but it did join Russia and Prussia in carrying out the Third Partition of Poland in the uprising's aftermath.