List of works by Henri Matisse

This is an incomplete list of works by the French modern artist Henri Matisse (31 December 1869 – 3 November 1954). He is admired for his use of color and his fluid, brilliant and original draughtsmanship. He was a Master draughtsman, printmaker, and sculptor, but is known primarily as a painter. Although he was initially labeled as a Fauve (wild beast), by the 1920s, he was increasingly hailed as an upholder of the classical tradition in French painting.^[1]

Self-Portrait in a Striped T-shirt 1906, Statens Museum for Kunst, Copenhagen, Denmark.

His mastery of the expressive language of color and drawing, displayed in a body of work spanning over a half-century, won him recognition as a leading figure in modern art.

Paintings

Painting	Name	French name	Year	Technique	Dimensions	City	Gallery	Notes
	The Study of Gustave Moreau		1894–95	Oil on canvas	65 × 81 cm		Private collection
	Woman Reading	La Liseuse	1895	Oil on board	61.5 x 48 cm	Le Cateau-Cambrésis	Musée Matisse
	The Maid		1896	Oil on canvas	90 × 74 cm		Private collection
	The Dinner Table		1897	Oil on canvas	100 x 131 cm		Private collection
	Blue Pot and Lemon		c. 1897	Oil on canvas	39 × 46.5 cm	St. Petersburg	Hermitage Museum
	Vase of Sunflowers		1898	Oil on canvas	46 × 38 cm	St. Petersburg	Hermitage Museum
	Landscape, the Pink Wall	Le Mur Rose	1898	Oil on canvas			Private collection
	Fruit and Coffee-Pot		1899	Oil on canvas	38.5 × 46.5 cm	St. Petersburg	Hermitage Museum
	Study of a Nude		1899	Oil on canvas	65.5 × 60 cm	Tokyo	Bridgestone Museum of Art
	Still Life with Compote, Apples and Orange		1899	Oil on canvas	46.7 × 55.6 cm	Baltimore	The Cone Collection, Baltimore Museum of Art
	Still Life with Oranges II		1899	Oil on canvas	46.7 × 55.2 cm	Saint Louis, Missouri	Mildred Lane Kemper Art Museum
	Crockery on a Table		1900	Oil on canvas	97 × 82 cm	St. Petersburg	Hermitage Museum
	Male Nude		1900	Oil on canvas		New York City	Museum of Modern Art
	Self Portrait		1900	Oil on canvas	64 × 54 cm		Private collection
	Standing Model		1900–01	Oil on canvas	73 × 54 cm	London	Tate Gallery
	Dishes and Fruit		1901	Oil on canvas	51 × 61.5 cm	St. Petersburg	Hermitage Museum
	The Japanese		1901	Oil on canvas	116.8 × 80 cm		Private collection
	The Luxembourg Gardens		1901–02	Oil on canvas	59.5 × 81.5 cm	St. Petersburg	Hermitage Museum
	Nude with a White Wash Towel		1902–03	Oil on canvas	81 × 59.5 cm	New York City	Gifford Phillips Collection
	Studio under the Eaves		1903	Oil on canvas		Cambridge, United Kingdom	Fitzwilliam Museum
	Saint-Michel Bridge	Pont Saint-Michel	1904	Oil on canvas			Scott M. Black Collection
	Nude (Carmelita)	Nu (Carmelita)	1904	Oil on canvas	81.3 x 59 cm	Boston	Museum of Fine Arts, Boston
	Study for Luxury, Calm, and Desire	Study for "Luxe, calme et volupté"	1904	Oil on canvas	32.2 × 40.5 cm	New York City	Museum of Modern Art
	Luxury, Calm, and Desire	Luxe, Calme, et Volupté	1904	Oil on canvas	98.5 x 118.5 cm	Paris	Musée d'Orsay
	Still Life with Vase, Bottle and Fruit		1903–06	Oil on canvas	73 × 92 cm	St. Petersburg	Hermitage Museum
	A Glimpse of Notre-Dame in the Late Afternoon	Notre-Dame, une fin d'après-midi	1902	Oil on paper mounted on canvas	72.39 × 54.61 cm	Buffalo, New York	Albright-Knox Art Gallery
	Pastoral (painting)		1905		46 × 55 cm.	Paris	Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris
	The Green Stripe	La Raie Verte	1905	Oil and tempera on canvas	40.50 × 32.5 cm	Copenhagen	Statens Museum for Kunst
	The Open Window	La Fenêtre ouverte	1905	Oil on canvas	55.3 × 46 cm	Washington, D.C.	National Gallery of Art
	Woman with a Hat	La femme au chapeau	1905	Oil on canvas	79.4 × 59.7 cm	San Francisco	San Francisco Museum of Modern Art
	View of Collioure	Les toits de Collioure	1905	Oil on canvas	59.5 × 73 cm	St. Petersburg	Hermitage Museum
	Landscape at Collioure		1905	Oil on canvas	38.8 × 46.6 cm	New York City	Museum of Modern Art
	View of Collioure (The Tower)		1905	Oil on canvas	32.9 × 41.3 cm		Private collection
	Portrait of André Derain		1905	Oil on canvas	39.5 × 29 cm	London	Tate Gallery
	The Red Carpet	Le Tapis rouge (Intérieur au tapis rouge)	1906	Oil on canvas	89 x 116 cm	Grenoble	Museum of Grenoble
	The Reader	Portrait de Marguerite	1906	Oil on canvas	64.5 x 80.3 cm	Grenoble	Museum of Grenoble
	Portrait of Marguerite	Portrait de Marguerite	1906	Oil on canvas	32 x 24 cm		Marion Smooke Collection
	Interior at Collioure		1906	Oil on canvas	60 × 78 cm		Private collection
	The Joy of Life	Le bonheur de vivre	1905–06	Oil on canvas	175 × 241 cm	Philadelphia, Pennsylvania	Barnes Foundation
	The Young Sailor I		1906	Oil on canvas	99 × 77.5 cm		Private collection
	The Young Sailor II		1906	Oil on canvas	101.6 × 81.9 cm	New York City	Metropolitan Museum of Art
	Self-Portrait in a Striped T-shirt		1906	Oil on canvas	30 × 23 cm	Copenhagen	Statens Museum for Kunst
	Portrait de Marguerite		1906–07	Oil on canvas	65 × 54 cm	Paris	Musée Picasso
	Blue Nude (Souvenir de Biskra)	Nu bleu: Souvenir de Biskra	1907	Oil on canvas	92 × 140 cm	Baltimore	Baltimore Museum of Art
	Blue Still Life	Nature morte bleue	1907	Oil on canvas	89.5 x 116.8 cm	Merion, PA	Barnes Foundation
	The Red Madras Headress	Madras Rouge	1907	Oil on canvas	99.4 × 80.5 cm	Philadelphia, Pennsylvania	Barnes Foundation
	The coiffure	La coiffure	1907	Oil on canvas	116 × 89 cm	Stuttgart	Staatsgalerie
	Three Bathers	Les trois baigneuses	1907	Oil on canvas	60.3 × 73 cm	Minneapolis	Minneapolis Institute of Arts
	La Luxe II	Le Luxe II	1907-1908	Oil on canvas	209.5 × 139 cm	Copenhagen	National Gallery of Denmark	[2]
	La Bronze	Sculpure et vase persan bleau	1908	Oil on canvas	60.5 × 73 cm	Oslo	National Museum of Norway	[3]
	Statuette and Vases on Oriental Carpet (Still Life in Red of Venice)		1908	Oil on canvas	89 × 105 cm	Moscow	Pushkin Museum
	L'Ilyssus du Parthénon		1908	Oil on canvas	61 × 73 cm
	The Dessert: Harmony in Red (The Red Room)		1908	Oil on canvas	180 × 220 cm	St. Petersburg	Hermitage Museum
	Game of Bowls		1908	Oil on canvas	115 × 147 cm	St. Petersburg	Hermitage Museum
	Bathers with a Turtle		1908	Oil on canvas	179 × 220 cm	St. Louis, Missouri	Saint Louis Art Museum
	Seated Woman		1908	Oil on canvas	80.5 × 52 cm	Moscow	Hermitage Museum
	Portrait of Greta Moll	Portrait de Greta Moll	1908	Oil on canvas	93 × 73.5 cm	London	Tate Modern
	Algerian Woman	L'Algérienne	1909	Oil on canvas	81 × 650 cm	Paris	Musée National d'Art Moderne
	Spanish Woman with a Tambourine	L'Espagnole	1909	Oil on canvas	92 x 73 cm	Moscow	Pushkin Museum
	Nude with a White Scarf	Nu à l'écharpe blanche	1909	Oil on canvas	116.5 x 89 cm	Copenhagen	Statens Museum for Kunst
	Dance (I)	La Danse (I)	1909	Oil on canvas	260 × 390 cm	New York City	Museum of Modern Art
	Still Life with Dance		1909	Oil on canvas	89.5 × 117.5 cm	St Petersburg	Hermitage Museum
	Dance II	La Danse	1910	Oil on canvas	260 × 391 cm	St Petersburg	Hermitage Museum
	Music	La Musique	1910	Oil on canvas	260 × 389 cm	St Petersburg	Hermitage Museum
	Nasturtiums with The Dance II	Les Capucines	1910–12	Oil on canvas	193 x 114 cm	Moscow	Pushkin Museum
	Still Life with Geraniums		1910	Oil on canvas	180 × 220 cm	Munich	Pinakothek der Moderne
	Fruits and Bronze		1910	Oil on canvas	90 × 118 cm	Moscow	Pushkin Museum
	The Red Studio	L'Atelier Rouge	1911	Oil on canvas	162 × 130 cm	New York City	Museum of Modern Art
	Painter's Family	Portrait de la famille du peintre	1911	Oil on canvas	143 × 196 cm	St. Petersburg	Hermitage Museum
	The Cowslips, Blue and Rose Fabric	Les coucous, tapis bleu et rose	1911	Oil on canvas	81 × 65.5 cm		Private collection
	The Conversation
	Window at Tangier (Landscape viewed from a window, Tangiers)	Fenêtre à Tanger	1911–12	Oil on canvas	115 x 80 cm	Moscow
	Moroccan Landscape (Acanthus)	Paysage marocain (Acanthes)	1912	Oil on canvas	115 x 80 cm	Stockholm	Moderna Museet	[4]
	Goldfish	Les Poissons rouges	1912	Oil on canvas	146 x 97 cm	Moscow	Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts	[5]
	Zorah on the Terrace		1912	Oil on canvas	116 × 100 cm.	Moscow	Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts
	Seated Riffian	Le Rifain assis	1912–13	Oil on canvas	200 × 160 cm.	Philadelphia, Pennsylvania	Barnes Foundation
	Arab Coffeehouse	Le café Maure	1912–13	Oil on canvas	176 x 210 cm	Saint Petersburg	Hermitage Museum
	Portrait of the Artist's Wife	Portrait de la femme de l'artiste	1913	Oil on canvas	146 x 97.7 cm	Saint Petersburg	Hermitage Museum
	The Blue Window	La glace sans tain	1913	Oil on canvas	130.8 x 90.5 cm	New York	Museum of Modern Art	[6]
	Interior with a Goldfish Bowl	Intérieur, bocal de poissons rouges	1914	Oil on canvas	147 x 97 cm	Paris	Centre Georges Pompidou	[7]
	Woman on a High Stool	Femme au tabouret	1914	Oil on canvas	147 × 95.5 cm	New York City	Museum of Modern Art
	French Window at Collioure	Porte-fenêtre à Collioure	1914	Oil on canvas	46 × 35½ in	Paris	Centre Pompidou
	View of Notre-Dame	Une vue de Notre-Dame	1914	Oil on canvas	147.3 × 94.3 cm	New York City	Museum of Modern Art
	Still Life with Lemons	Le citron	1914	Oil on canvas	70.2 × 53.8 cm	Rhode Island	Rhode Island School of Design Museum
	The Yellow Curtain	Le rideau jaune	1915	Oil on canvas	146 × 97 cm	New York City	Museum of Modern Art
	Still life with Fruits	Nature morte aux fruits	1915			Karlsruhe, Germany	Staatliche Kunsthalle Karlsruhe
	Sculpture and Vase of Ivy	La branche de lierre	1916	Oil on canvas	60 x 73 cm	Besançon	Musée de Besançon
	The Window	La Fenêtre	1916	Oil on canvas	146.1 x 116.8 cm	Detroit	Detroit Institute of Arts
	Laurette in a Green Robe	Laurette sur fond noir, robe verte	1916	Oil on canvas	73 × 54.3 cm	New York City	Metropolitan Museum of Art
	Still Life with Gourd	Nature morte aux coloquintes	1916	Oil on canvas	100 x 83.1 cm	Merion, PA	Barnes Foundation
	Studio, Quai Saint-Michel		1916	Oil on canvas	147.9 × 116.8 cm	Washington D.C.	The Phillips Collection
	Auguste Pellerin II	Auguste Pellerin II	1916–17	Oil on canvas	150.2 x 96.2 cm	Paris	Centre Georges Pompidou
	The Painter and His Model	Le Peintre dans son atelier	1916–17	Oil on canvas	146.5 x 97 cm	Paris	Centre Georges Pompidou
	Sleeping Nude on a Red Background	Nu (Lorette allongée sur fond rouge)	1916–17	Oil on canvas	95 x 196 cm		Private collection
	The Music Lesson	Portrait de famille	1917	Oil on canvas	245.1 x 210.8 cm	Merion, PA	Barnes Foundation
	Bouquet	Fleurs	1917–18	Oil on canvas	139.7 x 102.2 cm	San Diego	San Diego Museum of Art
	The Moroccans	Les Marocains	1918	Oil on canvas	181.3 x 279.4 cm	New York City	Museum of Modern Art
	The Ostrich-Feather Hat	La toque de gouro	1918	Oil on canvas		Hartford, CT	Wadsworth Atheneum
	Portrait of George Besson	Portrait de George Besson	1918	Oil on wood panel	14 x 8 cm	Besançon	Musée de Besançon
	Self-portrait	Portrait du peintre	1918	Oil on canvas	65 x 54 cm	Le Cateau-Cambrésis	Matisse Museum (Le Cateau)
	Interior with a Violin	Interieur au violon	1918	Oil on canvas	89 x 116 cm	Copenhagen	Statens Museum for Kunst
	Woman with a Red Umbrella Seated in Profile	Interieur	1919–21	Oil on canvas	81 x 65 cm		Private collection
	Étretat (The Eel)	Étretat (Le Congre)	1920	Oil on canvas	90.2 x 71.1 cm	Ohio	Columbus Museum of Art
	Intérieur à Nice	1920		Oil on canvas
	Odalisque	Odalisque	1920–21	Oil on canvas	61.4 x 74.4 cm	Amsterdam	Stedelijk Museum
	Odalisque with Raised Arms	Odalisque assise aux bras levés, fauteuil rayé vert	1923	Oil on canvas	68 × 64 cm	Washington, D.C.	National Gallery of Art
	Yellow Odalisque		1926	Oil on canvas		Ottawa	National Gallery of Canada
	Two Odalisques, One Being Nude, Ornamental Ground and Checkerboard	Deux odalisques dont l'une dévetue, fond ornemental et damier	1928	Oil on canvas	54 × 65 cm	Stockholm	Moderna Museet	[8]
	The Dance II		1932	Mural	355.9 cm × 1,384 cm (11 ft 8.1 in × 45 ft 4.9 in)	Pennsylvania	Barnes Foundation	[9][a]
	Interior with Dog	Interior avec un Chien	1934	Oil on canvas		Baltimore	Baltimore Museum of Art
(Image)[b]	The Embroidered Dark Blouse (Woman in Red Chair)	Femme a la chaise rouge	1936	Oil on canvas	35.2 × 24.1 cm	Baltimore	Baltimore Museum of Art
	Robe violette et Anémones		1937
(Image)[b]	Woman in a Purple Coat		1937	Oil on canvas	81 × 65.2 cm	Houston, Texas	Museum of Fine Arts
	The Dream of 1940	Le Rêve de 1940	1940	Oil on canvas
	La Blouse Roumaine	1940		Oil on canvas
(Image)[b]	Annelies, White Tulips and Anemones		1944	Oil on canvas	60 × 73 cm	Honolulu	Honolulu Museum of Art
(Image)[b]	Asia	L'Asie	1946	Oil on canvas	116 × 81 cm		Private collection
(Image)[b]	Two Girls in a Yellow and Red Interior	Deux fillettes, fond jaune et rouge	1947	Oil on canvas	61 × 49.8 cm	Philadelphia, Pennsylvania	Barnes Foundation
	Blue Interior With Two Girls		1947	Oil on canvas	34 3/8 x 29 3/4 in. (87.31 x 75.57 cm)	Iowa City, Iowa	Stanley Museum of Art
(Image)[b]	The Plum Blossoms		1948	Oil on canvas	115.9 × 88.9 cm	New York City	Museum of Modern Art

Sculptures

Many of Matisse's sculptures were modeled in clay and later cast in bronze, a process which allows for multiple copies to be made. Because of that, many of these works exist in multiple copies and are in the collections of multiple museums.

Work	Name	French name	Year	Technique	Height	City	Gallery	Notes
	The Serf		1900–04	Bronze	92.3 cm	New York City	Museum of Modern Art	[10]
	Madeleine I	Madeleine I	1901	Bronze	59.7 cm	Minneapolis	Minneapolis Institute of Arts	[11]
	Madeleine II	Madeleine II	1903	Bronze	59.1 cm	New York City	Metropolitan Museum of Art	[12]
	The Serf	Le Serf	1906–07	Bronze
	Sleep		1905	Wood
	Reclining Nude, I	Nu couché, I (Aurore)	1906–07	Sculpture
	Awakening		1907	Plaster
		Figure décorative	1908	Bronze
(Image)[b]	The Back I		1908–09	Bronze		New York City	Museum of Modern Art
	Study of a foot		c. 1909	Bronze	30 cm	St. Petersburg	Hermitage	[13]
(Image)[b]	The Back II		1913	Bronze		New York City	Museum of Modern Art
(Image)[b]	The Back III		1916	Bronze		New York City	Museum of Modern Art
	Henriette II	Henriette II	1927	Bronze	32.1 cm	Ottawa	National Gallery of Canada	[14]
	Henriette III	Henriette III	1929	Bronze	40 cm	St. Petersburg	Hermitage Museum	[15]
(Image)[b]	The Back IV		c. 1931	Bronze		New York City	Museum of Modern Art

Works on paper

Work	Name	French name	Year	Technique	Dimensions	City	Gallery	Notes
	Magnolia		c. 1900	Pen and ink on paper	20.9 × 25.7 cm		Private Collection
	Still Life	Nature morte	1900	Brush and ink on paper	19.5 × 23 cm		Musée Matisse
	Seated Nude		1907	Graphite on wove paper	31.91 cm x 24.13 cm	Ann Arbor	University of Michigan Museum of Art	[16]
	Head of a Man, Flowered Background	Tête d'homme, fond fleuri	1914	Etching on paper	24.4 x 19.4 cm	Ann Arbor	University of Michigan Museum of Art	[17]
	Irene - Face	Irène - Masque	1914	Etching on chine collé	8.25 cm x 5.72 cm	Ann Arbor	University of Michigan Museum of Art	[18]
		Odalisque à la culotte rayée, reflectée dans la glace	1923	Lithograph on paper	63.82 cm x 47.63 cm	Ann Arbor	University of Michigan Museum of Art	[19]
	Dancer, from the series Ten Dancers (Dix Danseuses)		1925–26	Lithograph on paper	32.7 cm x 50.48 cm	Ann Arbor	University of Michigan Museum of Art	[20]
	Dancer, from the series Ten Dancers (Dix Danseuses)		1925–26	Lithograph on paper	32.7 cm x 50.48 cm	Ann Arbor	University of Michigan Museum of Art	[21]
	Dancer in wooden armchair, from the series Ten Dancers (Dix Danseuses)		1925–26	Lithograph on paper	50.48 cm x 32.7 cm	Ann Arbor	University of Michigan Museum of Art	[22]
	Dancer, from the series Ten Dancers (Dix Danseuses)		1925–26	Lithograph on paper	50.48 cm x 32.7 cm	Ann Arbor	University of Michigan Museum of Art	[23]
	Figure Asleep		1927	Lithograph on paper	40.01 cm x 49.53 cm	Ann Arbor	University of Michigan Museum of Art	[24]
	Dancer, from the series Ten Dancers (Dix Danseuses)		1927	Lithograph on paper	32.7 cm x 50.17 cm	Ann Arbor	University of Michigan Museum of Art	[25]
	Seated Orientale, Veil on her Head	Orientale assise, voile sur la tête	1929	Drypoint on chine applique, mounted on Arches paper	15.56 cm x 10.95 cm	Ann Arbor	University of Michigan Museum of Art	[26]
	Figure in a coat	Figure au manteau	1935	Charcoal		Canberra	NGA
	Gertrude Bell		1936	Brush and pencil on paper	14 × 22 cm	Las Vegas	Private collection
	Untitled (Female Head)		1936	Pen and black ink on light cream wove paper	50.01 cm x 31.75 cm	Ann Arbor	University of Michigan Museum of Art	[27]
	Teeny		1938	Linoleum block print on paper	30.3 cm x 22.7 cm	Ann Arbor	University of Michigan Museum of Art	[28]
	Romanian Blouse	Blouse romaine	1938	Charcoal		Canberra	NGA
	Drawing of a Woman	Dessin d'une femme	1944	Pen and ink on paper	55 × 34 cm	Bogotá	Botero Museum
	Portrait of Paul Matise		1946	Charcoal		Canberra	NGA
(Image)[b]	The Knife Thrower	Le Lanceur De Couteaux	1947	Collage/Decoupage/Paper-cut		Houston	Menil Collection
	Head of a Woman, from 'Les miroirs profonds: Henri Matisse', Paris, Pierre à Feu		1947	Wood engraving on paper	24.13 cm x 20 cm	Ann Arbor	University of Michigan Museum of Art	[29]
	Pierre à Feu, bookcover for "Les miroirs profonds: Henri Matisse", Paris, Pierre		1947	Color lithograph on paper	24.29 cm x 20.96 cm	Ann Arbor	University of Michigan Museum of Art	[30]
	Head		prior to 1948	Etching on paper	33 cm x 25.1 cm	Ann Arbor	University of Michigan Museum of Art	[31]
	Untitled [from Poésies de mots inconnus]		1949	Linocut in red on dark cream paper	31.59 cm x 23.81 cm	Ann Arbor	University of Michigan Museum of Art	[32]
	Untitled [from Poésies de mots inconnus]		1949	Linocut in blue on dark cream paper	32.23 cm x 23.81 cm	Ann Arbor	University of Michigan Museum of Art	[33]
(Image)[b]	Beasts of the Sea	Les bêtes de la mer	1950	Paper collage on canvas	295.5 × 154 cm	Washington, D.C.	National Gallery of Art
	Exhibition Poster: Affiches d'Exposition...1952-1953		1952	Color lithograph on paper	64.5 cm x 49.7 cm	Ann Arbor	University of Michigan Museum of Art	[34]
(Image)[b]	Black Leaf on Green Background	Feuille noire sur fond vert	1952	Gouache decoupage		Houston	Menil Collection
(Image)[b]	Blue Nude II	Nu bleu II	1952	Gouache-painted paper cut-outs stuck to paper mounted on canvas	116.2 × 88.9 cm	Paris	Centre Pompidou
(Image)[b]	The Black Woman	La Négresse	1952/3	gouache découpée	55.3 × 46 cm	Paris	Centre Pompidou
(Image)[b]	The Sorrows of the King	La Tristesse du roi	1952	Gouache	292 × 386 cm	Paris	Centre Pompidou
(Image)[b]	The Snail	L'Escargot	1953	Gouache	287 × 288 cm	London	Tate Gallery
(Image)[b]	The Boat	Le Bateau	1953	Gouache	13.84 × 10.33 cm	New York City	Museum of Modern Art
	Rose Window	La Rosace	1954[35]	Gouache, pencil, and paper cut-out on paper, laid on canvas	109 × 109.4 cm	London	The Brian Clarke Collection of Stained Glass[36]

Notes

1. The dimensions value represents the maximum height and summed width of the dimensions provided for each panel on the museum website, which are left panel: 339.7 cm × 441.3 cm (11.15 ft × 14.48 ft); center panel: 355.9 cm × 503.2 cm (11.68 ft × 16.51 ft); right panel: 338.8 cm × 439.4 cm (11.12 ft × 14.42 ft).
2. Copyrighted works are protected in the United States for 95 years after creation (during and after 1930 as of 2025). Unlike many countries where work passes into the public domain 70 years after the author's death, works less than 95 years old are not in the public domain according to United States Copyright law and are used here under a provision of fair use, a common law doctrine that allows certain limited use outside of what would normally be allowed for a copyrighted work. "Fair use" always applies to a particular permitted use, rather than being a statue of the copyrighted work as such.