Lithospermum ruderale

Lithospermum ruderale is a species of flowering plant in the borage family, Boraginaceae.^[2][3] It is known by the common name western stoneseed or lemonweed. It is native to western Canada and the western United States, where it can be found in many types of habitat. A perennial herb growing from a taproot and woody caudex, it is covered with fine, more or less upright, hairs, especially on the stems. It produces a cluster of erect leafy stems ranging from 20 to 50 centimetres (7+7⁄8 to 19+5⁄8 in) centimeters in height. The stems support lance-shaped leaves ranging from 2.5–10 cm (1–4 in) in length.^[4] Bunches of flowers with leaf-like bracts appear toward the top of the stem amongst the leaves. The corolla is fused at the base with five lobes^[4] which are light yellow, often slightly greenish, and about a centimeter long and wide. The style is short. The fruit consists of one or two, sometimes four, clustered glossy grey nutlets, 3.5 to 6, sometimes as much as 8 mm long.

Lithospermum ruderale
Lithospermum ruderale in Wenas Wildlife Area, Washington
Conservation status
Secure  (NatureServe)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Asterids
Order:	Boraginales
Family:	Boraginaceae
Genus:	Lithospermum
Species:	L. ruderale
Binomial name
Lithospermum ruderale Douglas ex Lehm.
Synonyms[2]
Batschia pilosa G.Don Batschia torreyi G.Don Lithospermum lanceolatum Rydb. Lithospermum pilosum Nutt. Lithospermum ruderale var. lanceolatum A.Nelson Lithospermum ruderale var. macrospermum J.F.Macbr. Lithospermum ruderale var. torreyi J.F.Macbr. Lithospermum torreyi Nutt.

The plant was used as a contraceptive by several Native American groups, including the Navajo and Shoshone.^[5] Studies on mice show the plant reduced their fertility.^[6] Plains Indians also used the roots to treat respiratory issues and cooked them as food.^[4]

The throat of the flower is glandular with no protrusions.